Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T03:48:16.862Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A study in East Africa of the bean flies (Dipt., Agromyzidae) affecting Phaseolus vulgaris and of their natural enemies, with the description of a new species of Melanagromyza Hend

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

D. J. Greathead
D. J. Greathead
Affiliation:
Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, ℅ P.O. Box 7065, Kampala, Uganda
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Examination of infested bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) showed that “bean fly” in East Africa consists of three species, Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon), M. spencerella sp. n. and Ophiomyia centrosematis (de Meij.). M. spencerella is described, and notes are given on the life-cycle, host-plants and distribution for all three species. Their importance in East Africa is discussed and it is concluded that M. spencerella is the most damaging because it oviposits and feeds in the hypocotyl, is frequently the most abundant species and is less effectively parasitised. Bean plants able to produce adventitious roots freely are able to grow away from the important early attack in the stems. Published work on chemical control measures is summarised.

The parasite complex associated with bean fly in East Africa was studied, and notes are given on the species present, the recognition of their early stages, their host ranges and abundance. Parasitism is discussed in relation to the infestations found on beans, with special reference to Opius melanagromyzae Fisch., the most important parasite of M. phaseoli, and Eucoilidea sp., the most important parasite of M. spencerella. It is concluded from graphical analysis that O. melanagromyzae is density-dependent and an important factor in limiting M. phaseoli populations in East Africa. Eucoilidea sp., on the other hand, shows signs of delayed density-dependence and is less effective in controlling its principal host. O. melanagromyzae has recently been sent to Hawaii for release against M. phaseoli; some field recoveries have been made already.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 59 , Issue 3 , December 1969 , pp. 541 - 561
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cameron, E. (1941). The biology and post-embryonic development of Opius ilicis n. sp., a parasite of the holly leaf-miner (Phytomyza ilicis Curt.).—Parasitology 33, 8–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, C. P. (1940). Entomophagous insects.—688 pp. New York & London, McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Davidson, A. (1963). Insects attacking Striga in Kenya.—Nature, Lond. 197 no. 4870, 923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fischer, M. (1963). Die Opiinae der äthiopischen Region.—Beitr. Ent. 13, 194–221. 662–747.Google Scholar
van der Goot, P. (1930). De Agromyza-wliegjes der inlandsche katjang-gewassen op Java.—Meded. Inst. PlZiekt., Buitenz. no. 78, 97 pp.Google Scholar
Harris, W. V. (1937). Annotated list of insects injurious to native food crops in Tanganyika.—Bull. ent. Res. 28, 483–488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hassan, A. S. (1947). The beanfly Agromyza phaseoli Coq. in Egypt (Diptera: Agromyzidae).—Bull. Soc. Fouad ler Ent. 31, 217–224.Google Scholar
Ingram, W. R. (1969). A note on the failure to control aphid infestations on beans with insecticides in Uganda.—E. Afr. agric. For. J. 34, 476–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jack, R. W. (1913). The bean stem maggot.—Rhodesia agric. J. 10, 545–553.Google Scholar
Le Pelley, R. H. (1959). Agricultural insects of East Africa.—307 pp. Nairobi, E. A. High Commn.Google Scholar
Otanes Y Quesales, F. (1918). The bean fiy.—Philipp. Agric. 7, 2–31.Google Scholar
Short, J. R. T. (1952). The morphology of the head of larval Hymenoptera with special reference to the head of Ichneumonoidea, including a classification of the final instar larvae of the Braconidae.—Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 103, 27–84.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. (1966). Ecological methods with particular reference to the study of insect populations.—391 pp. London, Methuen.Google Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. (1969). Population studies of insects attacking sugar cane. In Williams, J. R. et al. Ed. Pests of sugar cane, 427–459. Amsterdam, &c, Elsevier.Google Scholar
Spencer, K. A. (1959). A synopsis of the Ethiopian Agromyzidae (Diptera).—Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 111, 237–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, K. A. (1961). Notes on the African Agromyzidae (Diptera).—1.—Stuttgt. Beitr. Naturk. no. 46, 5 pp.Google Scholar
Spencer, K. A. (1963). The Australian Agromyzidae (Diptera, Insecta).—Rec. Aust. Mus. 25, 305–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spencer, K. A. (1966). Notes on the Oriental Agromyzidae—4.—Stuttgt. Beitr. Naturk no. 147, 15 pp.Google Scholar
Swaine, G. (1969). Studies on the biology and control of pests of seed beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in northern Tanzania.—Bull. ent. Res. 59, 323–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. E. (1958). The bean stem maggot.—Rhodesia agric. J. 55, 634–636.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. E. (1959). Control of the bean stem maggot by insecticidal dressings.—Rhodesia agric. J. 56, 195–196.Google Scholar
Walker, P. T. (1960). Insecticide studies on East African agricultural pests. III.—Seed dressings for the control of the bean fly, Melanagromyza phaseoli (Coq.), in Tanganyika.—Bull. ent. Res. 50, 781–793.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, G. B. (1939). French bean diseases and bean fly in East Africa.—E. afr. agric. J. 5, 170–175.Google Scholar
Wickramasinghe, N. & Fernando, H. E. (1962). Investigations on insecticidal seed dressings, soil treatments and foliar sprays for the control of Melanagromyza phaseoli (Tryon) in Ceylon.—Bull. ent. Res. 53, 223–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar