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Where does Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) overwinter in adjacent peach, pear and apple orchards?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2015

X.-F. Yang ,
F. Fan ,
C. Wang  and
G.-S. Wei
X.-F. Yang*
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
F. Fan
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
C. Wang
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
G.-S. Wei
Affiliation:
Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
*
*Author for correspondence Phone: +86 12 7528148 E-mail: weiguoshu03@aliyun.com
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Abstract

The Oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a major pest of tree fruits worldwide, and the diapausing larvae overwinter in cryptic habitats. Investigations of overwintering G. molesta were conducted in adjacent peach, pear and apple orchards in Northern China over three consecutive winters to determine the overwintering site and habitat preferences of the moth. Counts of overwintering larvae in the different orchards demonstrated that the late-maturing peach orchard (‘Shenzhou honey peach’) was the most preferred overwintering habitat with more than 90% of the collected larvae. Larvae were more abundant in host trees, and they very rarely overwintered in the soil. The overwintering site preferences on the host trees were significantly different; over 50% larvae were located in the tree trunks, and followed by main branches. Most of the G. molesta overwintered on the sunny side of the host trees at or below 60 cm from the ground; a few were cocooned on the shaded sides of the trees or greater than 60 cm from the ground. G. molesta began overwintering between August and October, mid- to late September was the peak period for entering winter diapause during 2011–2013 (77.78, 67.59 and 71.15%, respectively). Our findings improve understanding of the orchard habitat and overwintering site preferences of G. molesta and would be useful in the development of efficient forecasting and pest-management strategies for orchards during the winter and early spring.

Keywords

Adjacent habitatGrapholita molestalate-maturing peachoverwintering sites
Type
Research Papers
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 106 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 135 - 140
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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