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Wing shape as a potential discriminator of morphologically similar pest taxa within the Bactrocera dorsalis species complex (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2011

M.K. Schutze ,
A. Jessup  and
A.R. Clarke
M.K. Schutze*
Affiliation:
Discipline of Biogeosciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4000, Queensland, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, A.C.T. 2617, Australia
A. Jessup
Affiliation:
Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
A.R. Clarke
Affiliation:
Discipline of Biogeosciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane 4000, Queensland, Australia Cooperative Research Centre for National Plant Biosecurity, LPO Box 5012, Bruce, A.C.T. 2617, Australia
*
*Author for correspondence Fax: +61 7 3138 1535 E-mail: m.schutze@qut.edu.au
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Abstract

Four morphologically cryptic species of the Bactrocera dorsalis fruit fly complex (B. dorsalis s.s., B. papayae, B. carambolae and B. philippinensis) are serious agricultural pests. As they are difficult to diagnose using traditional taxonomic techniques, we examined the potential for geometric morphometric analysis of wing size and shape to discriminate between them. Fifteen wing landmarks generated size and shape data for 245 specimens for subsequent comparisons among three geographically distinct samples of each species. Intraspecific wing size was significantly different within samples of B. carambolae and B. dorsalis s.s. but not within samples of B. papayae or B. philippinensis. Although B. papayae had the smallest wings (average centroid size=6.002 mm±0.061 SE) and B. dorsalis s.s. the largest (6.349 mm±0.066 SE), interspecific wing size comparisons were generally non-informative and incapable of discriminating species. Contrary to the wing size data, canonical variate analysis based on wing shape data discriminated all species with a relatively high degree of accuracy; individuals were correctly reassigned to their respective species on average 93.27% of the time. A single sample group of B. carambolae from locality ‘TN Malaysia’ was the only sample to be considerably different from its conspecific groups with regards to both wing size and wing shape. This sample was subsequently deemed to have been originally misidentified and likely represents an undescribed species. We demonstrate that geometric morphometric techniques analysing wing shape represent a promising approach for discriminating between morphologically cryptic taxa of the B. dorsalis species complex.

Keywords

canonical variate analysiscryptic speciesfruit fliesgeneralised Procrustes analysisinterspecific variationintraspecific variation
Type
Research Paper
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 102 , Issue 1 , February 2012 , pp. 103 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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