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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
Literature is full of the saints of Islam, like the man who was so oppressed by the seriousness of life that he always looked as if he were coming from the funeral of a near relative, and another who fainted when he saw a bedouin smearing his camel with hot tar, because it reminded him of hell. It is a mistake to think that all Muslims lived up to this standard.
Even the pious ‘Umar lost his temper at a formula consecrated by religion. In reply to a question a man said, “God knows best”; the caliph told him to say either “I know” or “I do not know”.Tales told of society in Medina show that amusements tolerated there fell far short of the standard of decency demanded by religion.
There was a class of men who told edifying stories to instruct the faithful. One of them said that those, who fasted for three successive months, would have in heaven houses one thousand parasangs long, broad and high, with doors ten parasangs square. “A poor house for January,” ejaculated one of the audience. Another of these preachers said, “The name of the wolf that ate Joseph was so and so.” It was objected that no wolf ate Joseph so he corrected himself, “The name of the wolf that did not eat Joseph was so and so.”.
page 133 note 1 Bukhāri, 65 (2), 47Google Scholar.
page 133 note 2 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 3, 160Google Scholar.
page 133 note 3 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 2, 46Google Scholar.
page 133 note 4 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 12, 4Google Scholar.
page 133 note 5 Farḳ bain al-Firaḳ 158Google Scholar.
page 133 note 6 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 19, 39Google Scholar.
page 134 note 1 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 3, 175, cf. Bukhāri 60, 8Google Scholar.
page 134 note 2 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 17, 92Google Scholar.
page 134 note 3 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 69Google Scholar.
page 134 note 4 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 66Google Scholar.
page 134 note 5 Ibid., 7, 64.
page 134 note 6 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 1, 140.3, 212.4, 221Google Scholar.
page 134 note 7 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 1, 324Google Scholar.
page 134 note 8 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 65Google Scholar.
page 134 note 9 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 3, 161Google Scholar.
page 135 note 1 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 1, 320Google Scholar.
page 135 note 2 Ibid., 1, 318.
page 135 note 3 Ḳutaiba, Ibn, Kitāb al-Shi'r 176Google Scholar.
page 135 note 4 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 1, 318Google Scholar.
page 135 note 5 Jāḥiẓ, , Ḥayawān 3, 5Google Scholar.
page 135 note 6 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 17, 92Google Scholar.
page 135 note 7 Ibid., 17, 100.
page 136 note 1 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 3, 231Google Scholar.
page 136 note 2 Ibid., 3, 211.
page 136 note 3 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 13, 74, cf. also (ed. 3) 3, 215; 4, 34; 6, 151Google Scholar.
page 136 note 4 Ghazāli, , Iḥyā 3, 176Google Scholar.
page 136 note 5 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 19, 35Google Scholar.
page 136 note 6 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 69Google Scholar.
page 137 note 1 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 68Google Scholar.
page 137 note 2 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 7, 90Google Scholar.
page 137 note 3 Ḳāli, , Amāli 1, 199Google Scholar.
page 137 note 4 Jāḥiẓ, , Bayān 1, 217Google Scholar.
page 137 note 5 Jāḥiẓ, , Hayawān 3, 5Google Scholar.
page 137 note 6 Maḳrīzi, , Khiṭaṭ 2, 347Google Scholar.
page 137 note 7 Ibid., 2, 353.
page 137 note 8 Ibid., 2, 352.
page 137 note 9 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 2, 142Google Scholar.
page 137 note 10 Ibid., Jaḥiẓ, Ḥayawān 3, 3.
page 138 note 1 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 2, 142Google Scholar.
page 138 note 2 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 4, 279Google Scholar.
page 138 note 3 Sam‘āni, , Ansāb, f. 524 rGoogle Scholar.
page 138 note 4 Ash‘ari, , Maḳālāt 112Google Scholar.
page 138 note 5 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 2, 55Google Scholar.
page 138 note 6 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 64Google Scholar.
page 138 note 7 Farḳ bain al-Firaḳ 158.
page 138 note 8 ni, Aghā (ed. 3) 4, 281Google Scholar.
page 139 note 1 Ibid. (ed. 2) 17, 92.
page 139 note 2 Ibid. (ed. 3) 3, 186.
page 139 note 3 Ibid. (ed. 3) 3, 185, cf. (ed 2) 12, 87.
page 139 note 4 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 20, 110Google Scholar.
page 139 note 5 Ḳayyim, Ibn, Ijtimā‘ al-Juyūsh al-Islāmiya 40Google Scholar.
page 139 note 6 al-Akhbār, ‘Uyūn 1, 320Google Scholar.
page 139 note 7 Yāḳūt, , Irshād 7, 67 fGoogle Scholar.
page 140 note 1 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 12, 95Google Scholar.
page 140 note 2 ni, Aghā (ed. 2) 12, 100Google Scholar.
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