Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T14:30:58.229Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Future Generations and Business Ethics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract:

Companies have a share in our common responsibility to future generations. Hitherto, this responsibility has been all but neglected in the business ethics literature. This paper intends to make up for that omission. A strong case for our moral responsibility to future generations can be established on the grounds of moral rights theory, utilitarianism and justice theory. The paper analyses two practical cases in environmental policy, in order to come to grips with the complicated ethical issues involved in the responsibility to future generations. The cases deal with the management of finite energy sources and of vulnerable resources of biodiversity. The ethical issues involved in these cases have an important bearing on business ethics: future generations should be included among the stakeholders of the firm. The paper concludes with a plea to institutionalize a “third arena” for debate and deliberation on the protection of the interests of future generations, next to the arenas of the government and the market. Companies should participate in this third arena, led by a participatory ethics.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Achterberg, W. 1994. Samenleving, natuur en duurzaamheid: Een inleiding in de milieufilosofie [Society, nature and sustainability: An introduction to environmental philosophy]. Assen: Van Gorcum.Google Scholar
Ayres, R. U., Bergh, J. C. J. M. van den, and Gowdy, J. M.. 2001. “Strong versus weak sustainability: Economics, natural sciences, and ‘consilience,’” in Environmental Ethics 23 (Summer): 155168.Google Scholar
Blackstone, W. 1974. “Ethics and ecology,” in Philosophy and environmental crisis, ed. Blackstone, W. (Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press).Google Scholar
Carpenter, S. R. 1998. “Sustainability,” in The encyclopedia of applied ethics (San Diego: Academic Press).Google Scholar
Daly, H. E. 1997. “Georgescu-Roegen versus Solow/Stiglitz,” in Ecological Economics 22: 261266.Google Scholar
De George, R. 1979. “The environment, rights and future generations,” in Ethics and problems of the 21st century, ed. Goodpaster, K. and Sayre, K. (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press): 93105.Google Scholar
De Shalit, A. 1995. Why posterity matters: Environmental policies and future generations (London: Routledge).Google Scholar
Davidson, M. D. 2000. “Recht en duurzame ontwikkeling,” (in Dutch) in Milieu en recht 4: 9599.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Th. 1989. The ethics of international business (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs. 1995. Derde Energienota [Third White Paper on Energy], The Hague.Google Scholar
Elkington, J. 1997. Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business (Oxford: Capstone).Google Scholar
Feinberg, J. 1981. “The rights of animals and unborn generations,” in Responsibilities to future generations, ed. Partridge, E. (Buffalo: Prometheus Books): 139150.Google Scholar
Foster, J. M., ed. 1997. Valuing nature: Ethics, economics and the environment (London: Routledge).Google Scholar
Freeman, R. E., Pierce, J., and Dodd, R.. 2000. Environmentalism and the new logic of business (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Golding, M. P. 1981. “Obligations to future generations,” in Responsibilities to future generations, ed. Partridge, E. (Buffalo: Prometheus Books): 6172.Google Scholar
Goodin, R. E. 1985. Protecting the vulnerable: A reanalysis of our social responsibilities (Chicago: University of Chicago Press).Google Scholar
Howarth, R. B. 1992. “Intergenerational justice and the chain of obligations,” in Environmental Values 1: 133140.Google Scholar
Jeurissen, R. J. M. 1995. “Business in response to the morally concerned public,” in Facing public interest: The ethical challenge to business policy and corporate communicatations, ed. Ulrich, P. and Sarasin, C. (Issues in Business Ethics 8, Dordrecht: Kluwer): 5972.Google Scholar
Jeurissen, R. J. M. 2000. “The social function of business ethics.” Business Ethics Quarterly 10(4): 821843.Google Scholar
Jeurissen, R. J. M. 2002. The corporation as a global citizen (Inaugural lecture) (Nyenrode: Nyenrode University Press).Google Scholar
Keijzers, G. 2000. “The evolution of Dutch environmental policy: The changing ecological arena from 1970–2000 and beyond.” Journal of Cleaner Production 8: 179200.Google Scholar
Keijzers, G. 2002. “The transition to the sustainable enterprise.” Journal of Cleaner Production 10: 349359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keijzers, G. 2002. “Plotting sustainable directions; engaging stakeholders in seven multinationals.” Journal of Corporate Citizenship (submitted August 2002).Google Scholar
Lee, K. 1998. “Biodiversity,” in Encyclopedia of applied ethics, vol. 1 (San Diego: Academic Press): 285304.Google Scholar
Lomborg, B. 2001. The skeptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of the world (New York: Cambridge University Press).Google Scholar
Lovejoy, T. 2002. “Biodiversity: dismissing scientific process.” Scientific American 286(1): 6971.Google Scholar
van Luijk, H. 1994. “Rights and interests in a participatory market society.” Business Ethics Quarterly 4(1): 7996.Google Scholar
van Luijk, H., and Schilder, A.. 1997. Patronen van verantwoordelijkheid. Ethiek en corporate governance [Patterns of responsibility: Ethics and corporate governance] (Schoonhoven: Academic Service).Google Scholar
Luper-Foy, S. 1995. “International justice and the environment,” in Just Environments, ed. Cooper, D. E. and Palmer, J. A. (London: Routledge): 91107.Google Scholar
Mac Lean, D. 1983. “A moral requirement for energy politics,” in Energy and the future, ed. Lean, D. Mac and Brown, P. G. (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield): 180197.Google Scholar
Mac Lean, D., and Brown, P. G., eds. 1983. Energy and the future (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield).Google Scholar
Macklin, R. 1981. “Can future generations correctly be said to have rights?” in Responsibilities to future generations, ed. Partridge, E. (Buffalo: Prometheus Books): 151155.Google Scholar
Meadows, D. H., Meadows, D. L., Randers, J., and Behrens, W. III. 1972. Limits to growth (Report of the Club of Rome) (New York: Universe Books).Google Scholar
Parfit, D. 1987. Reasons and persons (Oxford: Clarendon).Google Scholar
Partridge, E. 1981. “Introduction,” in Responsibilities to future generations, ed. Partridge, E. (Buffalo: Prometheus Books): 116.Google Scholar
OECD. 2001. Environmental Outlook (Paris: OECD).Google Scholar
Raffernsperger, C. 1999. Uses of the precautionary principle in international treaties and agreements <http://www.biotech-info.net/treaties_and_agreements.html>..>Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 1972. A theory of justice (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Richards, D. 1983. “Contractarian theory, intergenerational justice and energy policy,” in Energy and the future, ed. MacLean, D. and Brown, P. G. (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield): 131150.Google Scholar
Sidgwick, H. 1907. The Methods of ethics, 7th ed. (New York: Macmillan).Google Scholar
Susskind, L., McKearnan, S., and Thomas-Larmer, J., eds. 1999. The consensus building handbook: A comprehensive guide to reaching agreements (Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications).Google Scholar
Velasquez, M. 1992. Business ethics: Concepts and cases, third ed. (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall).Google Scholar
Velasquez, M. 1998. Business ethics: Concepts and cases, fourth ed. (Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice-Hall).Google Scholar
Visser ’t Hooft, H. Ph. 1999. Justice to future generations and the environment (Dordrecht: Kluwer).Google Scholar
Von Schomberg, R. 1998. Omstreden biotechnologisch innovatie: Van publiek domein naar langetermijnbeleid [Contested bio-technological innovations: From public domain to long term policy] (Utrecht: Nederlandse Vereniging voor Bio Ethiek).Google Scholar
Wenz, P. S. 1983. “Ethics, energy policy, and future generations.” Environmental Ethics 5: 195209.Google Scholar
Wenz, P. S. 2001. Environmental ethics today (Oxford: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development). 11987. Our common future (The Brundtland Report) (New York: Oxford University Press).Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. 2001. The diversity of life (Middlesex, Penguin).Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O.. 2002. The future of life (New York: Alfred A. Knopf).Google Scholar
WSSD (The United Nations’ World Summit on Sustainable Development). 2002. The Johannesburg Declaration on Sustainable Development (Draft political declaration, advanced unedited version of 4 September 2002, A/conf.199/L.6/rev.2) (New York: United Nations).Google Scholar