Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:32:54.778Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ethical Challenges in the Leader-Follower Relationship

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract:

Leadership and followership are unified in an interdependent relationship exemplified by the idea of teamwork. Ethical concerns are among the valuational elements essential to developing loyalty and trust in this relationship. However, because of their need to maintain power and distance, self-serving leaders may become detached from how their actions are perceived and reacted to by followers. This pattern can be especially damaging to teamwork when leaders continue to receive disprortionate rewards despite their poor performance, especially when coupled with organizational downsizing and layoffs. Implications are drawn regarding the ethics of equity, responsibility, and accountability in the exercise of authority and power.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Barnard, C. I. 1938. The Functions of the Executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bass, B. M. 1985. Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Bok, D. 1993. The Cost of Talent. New York: Free Press.Google Scholar
Burns, J. M. 1978. Leadership. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Byrne, J. A., Symonds, W. C., & Siler, J. F. 1991. “CEO Disease.” Business Week, April 1:5260.Google Scholar
Cantril, H. 1958. “Effective Democratic Leadership: A Psychological Interpretation.” Journal of Individual Psychology, 14: 128138.Google Scholar
Crystal, G. 1991. In Search of Excess: The Overcompensation of American Executives. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Deming, W. E. 1992. Quoted in The Economist, February 1: 19.Google Scholar
DePree, M. 1989. Leadership Is an Art. New York: Doubleday Dell.Google Scholar
DeVries, D. L. 1992. “Executive Selection: Advances but No Progress.” Issues & Observations, 12: 15.Google Scholar
Deutsch, M. 1975. “Equity, Equality, and Need: What Determines Which Value Will be Used as the Basis of Distributive Justice?” Journal of Social Issues, 31: 137149.Google Scholar
Drucker, P. F. 1988. “Leadership: More Doing Than Dash.” Wall Street Journal, January 6: 14.Google Scholar
Emerson, R. M. 1962. “Power-Dependence Relations.” American Sociological Review, 27: 3141.Google Scholar
Emler, N., & Hogan, R. 1991. “Moral Psychology and Public Policy.” In Kurtines, W. M. & Gewirtz, J. L., eds., Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: 6993. Volume 3: Applications. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. 1975. Life History and the Historical Moment. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar
Freud, S. 1921/1960. Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego. New York: Bantam. Originally published in German in 1921.Google Scholar
Fromm, E. 1941. Escape from Freedom. New York: Rinehart.Google Scholar
Gabriel, R., & Savage, P. 1978. Crisis in Command. New York: Hill and Wang.Google Scholar
Gardner, J.W. 1990. On Leadership. New York: Free Press/Macmillan.Google Scholar
Greenwald, A. 1985. “Totalitarian Egos in the Personalities of Democratic Leaders.” Symposium Paper, International Society of Political Psychology Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., June 20.Google Scholar
Hackman, J. R. 1989. Groups That Work (and Those That Don’t). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Hevesi, D. 1992. “United Ways Challenge Method Used to Divide Their Donations.” The New York Times, March 20: B4.Google Scholar
Hicks, J. P. 1992. “The Steel Man with Kid Gloves.” The New York Times, April 3:D-1.Google Scholar
Hodgkinson, C. 1983. The Philosophy of Leadership. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Hogan, R., Raskin, R., & Fazzini, D. 1990. “The Dark Side of Charisma.” In Clark, K. E. & Clark, M. B. (Eds.), Measures of Leadership: 343354. West Orange, NJ: Leadership Library of America.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P. 1978a. Leadership Dynamics: A Practical Guide to Effective Relationships. New York: Free Press/Macmillan.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P. 1978b. “What is the Crisis of Leadership?” Humanitas, 14: 285296.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P. 1992a. “The Essential Interdependence of Leadership and Followership.” Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1: 7175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hollander, E. P. 1992b. “Leadership, Followership, Self, and Others.” Leadership Quarterly, 3: 4354.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P. 1993. “Legitimacy, Power, and Influence: A Perspective on Relational Features of Leadership.” In Chemers, M. and Ayman, R. (Eds.), Leadership Theory and Research: Perspectives and Directions: 2947. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P., & Kelly, D. R. 1990. “Rewards from Leaders as Perceived by Followers”. Paper presented at the meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Philadelphia March 30.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P., & Kelly, D. R. 1992. “Appraising Relational Qualities of Leadership and Followership.” Paper presented at the 25th International Congress of Psychology, Brussels July 24.Google Scholar
Hollander, E. P., & Offermann, L. R. 1990. “Power and Leadership in Organizations: Relationships in Transition.” American Psychologist, 45: 179189.Google Scholar
House, R., & Shamir, B. 1993. “Toward the Integration of Transformational, Charismatic and Visionary Theories.” In Chemers, M. M. & Ayman, R. (Eds.), Leadership Theory and Research: Perspectives and Directions: 81107. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B.J. 1992. “The Ethics of Charismatic Leadership: Submission or Liberation?” Academy of Management Executive, 6: 4354.Google Scholar
Katzenbach, J. R. & Smith, O. K. (1993). The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.Google Scholar
Kelley, R. E. 1988. “In Praise of Followers.” Harvard Business Review, 88: 142148.Google Scholar
Kipnis, D. 1976. The Powerholders. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B.Z. 1987. The Leadership Challenge: How to Get Extraordinary Things Done in Organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
LeBon, G. 1897. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind (2nd ed.). London: T. F. Unwin.Google Scholar
Lord, R.G., & Maher, K.J. 1990. “Leadership Perceptions and Leadership Performance: Two Distinct but Interdependent Processes.” In Carroll, J. (Ed.), Advances in Applied Social Psychology: Business Settings, Volume 4: 129154. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Manz, C. C. & Sims, H. P. 1989. Super-Leadership: Leading Others to Lead Themselves. New York: Prentice Hall Press.Google Scholar
McCall, M. W., Lombardo, M. M., & Morrison, A.M. 1988. The Lessons of Experience. MA: Lexington Books.Google Scholar
Menzies, H. D. 1980. “The Ten Toughest Bosses.” Fortune, 101: 6269.Google Scholar
Mulder, M. 1981. “On the Quantity and Quality of Power and the Q. W. L.” Paper presented at the International Conference on the Quality of Work Life, Toronto.Google Scholar
Pfeffer, J. 1977. “The Ambiguity of Leadership.” In McCall, M. W. Jr., & Lombardo, M. M. (Eds.), Leadership: Where Else Can We Go? Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Post, J. M. 1986. “Narcissism and the Charismatic Leader-Follower Relationship.” Political Psychology, 7: 675688.Google Scholar
Rost, J. C. 1991. Leadership for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Reeves, F. 1991. “Pitt Misled Us, Lawmaker Asserts.” Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, April 25: 1.Google Scholar
Samuelson, R. 1993. “The Death of Management.” Newsweek, May 10: 55.Google Scholar
Schmidt, K. O. 1975. Tao Te Ching. Lakemont, GA: CSA Press.Google Scholar
Tarde, G. 1903. The Laws of Imitation (translated from 2nd French edition by E. C. Parsons; original, 1890.) New York: Holt.Google Scholar
Vanderslice, V. J. 1988. “Separating Leadership from Leaders: An Assessment of the Effect of Leader and Follower Roles in Organizations.” Human Relations, 41: 677696.Google Scholar
Weber, M. 1921. “The Sociology of Charismatic Authority.” Republished in translation (1946) in Gerth, H.H. & Mills, C. W. (Eds. and Trans.), From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology: 245252. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Will, G. 1991. “Corporate Raiders.” Boston Globe, September 2: p. 15.Google Scholar