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Business History: Present Status and Future Needs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 June 2012

Ralph W. Hidy
Ralph W. Hidy
Affiliation:
Straus Professor of Business History, Harvard University
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Abstract

Professor Hidy considers many recent contributions to business history and suggests some fruitful areas for future research.

Type
Research Article
Information
Business History Review , Volume 44 , Issue 4 , Winter 1970 , pp. 483 - 497
Copyright
Copyright © The President and Fellows of Harvard College 1970

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References

1 This essay focuses on analyses by historians of the activities of business and businessmen, particularly in the United States. No attempt has been made to differentiate “business history” from “business in history;” the key to inclusion has been interest in the history of the behavior and involvement of businessmen and business institutions in the process of change over time. In some respects, these observations constitute a sequel to the article on business history which I wrote in Sills, David L. (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, VI (New York, 1968), 474–480.Google Scholar

2 For a discussion of the problem of defining business history, see my article cited above. See also, Thomas C. Cochran, “Entrepreneurship,” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, V, 89–91 and Redlich, Fritz, “Approaches to Business History,” Business History Review, XXXVI (Spring, 1962), 61–70, and Comment, 70–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 Aitken, Hugh G. J., Explorations in Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass., 1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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5 Abels, Jules, The Rockfeller Billions (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Birmingham, Stephen, “Our Crowd” The Great Jewish Families of New York (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Hedges, James B., The Browns of Providence Plantations: The Nineteenth Century (Providence, 1968)Google Scholar; Hoyt, Edwin P., The Guggenheims and the American Dream (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Kavaler, Lucy, The Astors: A Family Chronicle of Pomp and Power (New York, 1966).Google Scholar

6 On businessmen in the United States: Baughman, James P., Charles Morgan and the Development of Southern Transportation (Nashville, 1968)Google Scholar; Blythe, LeGette, Robert Lee Stowe, Pioneer in Textiles (Belmont, N.C., 1965)Google Scholar; Boyce, Benjamin, The Benevolent Man: A Life of Ralph Allen of Bath (Cambridge, Mass., 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; duPont Breck, Allen, William Gray Evans, 1855–1924: Portrait of a Western Executive (Denver, 1964)Google Scholar; Carter, Samuel, Cyrus Field: Man of Two Worlds (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Cleland, R. G. and Putnam, R. B., Isais W. Hellman and the Farmers and Merchants Bank (San Marino, Cal., 1965)Google Scholar; Cross, Wilbur, John Diebold: Breaking the Confines of the Possible (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Fahey, John, Inland Empire: D. C. Corbin and Spokane (Seattle, 1965)Google Scholar; Furer, Howard B., William Frederick Havemeyer: A Political Biography (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Gleisser, Marcus, The World of Cyrus Eaton (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Goff, John S., Robert Todd Lincoln: A Man in His Own Right (Norman, Okla., 1969)Google Scholar; Hickerson, John M., Ernie Breech: The Story of His Remarkable Career at General Motors, Ford, and TWA (New York, 1988)Google Scholar; Hixson, Richard F., Isaac Collins: A Quaker Printer in eighteenth Century America (New Brunswick, N.J., 1968)Google Scholar; Hutchinson, W. H., Oil, Land, and Politics: The California Career of Thomas Robert Bard (Norman, Okla., 1965)Google Scholar; Johnson, A. M., Winthrop W. Aldrich: Lawyer, Banker, Diplomat (Boston, 1968)Google Scholar; Johnson, Curtiss S., America's First Lady Boss, A Wisp of a Girl, Macy's and Romance (Norwalk, Conn., 1965)Google Scholar; Katz, Irving, August Belmont: A Political Biography (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Keats, John, Howard Hughes (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Kent, Harold W., Charles Reed Bishop, Man of Hawaii (Palo Alto, Cal., 1965)Google Scholar; Kirkland, E. C., Charles Francis Adams, Jr., 1835–1915: The Patrician at Bay (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Mrs.Leland, Wilfred C. and Millbrook, Minnie Dubbs, Master of Precision: Henry M. Leland (Detroit, 1966)Google Scholar; Lyons, Eugene, David Sarnoff, A Biography (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; McDaniel, Ruel, One More Sunrise: The Story of E. M. Stevens and the Great Western Companies (Port Lavaca, Texas, 1965)Google Scholar; Martin, Ralph G., The Wizard of Wall Street: The Story of Gerald M. Loeb (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; O'Neill, Dennis J., A Whale of a Territory: The Story of Bill O'Neill (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Penfield, Wilder, The Difficult Art of Giving: The Epic of Alan Gregg (Boston, 1967)Google Scholar; Saricks, Ambrose, Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours (Lawrence, Kan., 1965)Google Scholar; Sarnoff, Paul, Russell Sage: The Money Maker (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Silverberg, Robert, Light for the World: Edison and the Power Industry (Princeton, N.J., 1967)Google Scholar; Smith, Alice E., George Smith's Money: A Scottish Investor in America (Madison, Wise, 1966)Google Scholar; Stewart, Watt, Keith and Costa Rica: A Biographical Study of Minor Cooper Keith (Albuquerque, 1964)Google Scholar; Swann, Leonard A., John Roach, Maritime Entrepreneur: The Years as Naval Contractor, 1862–1886 (Annapolis, 1965).Google Scholar

On businessmen outside the United States: Boyle, Andrew, Montagu Norman (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Clapp, Brian W., John Owens, Manchester Merchant (Manchester, England, 1965)Google Scholar; Flavelle, W. G., A Cedar Saga and the Man Who Made It Possible (Port Moody, B.C., 1966)Google Scholar: Frischauer, Willi, Onassis (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Gilbert, Heather, Awakening Continent: The Life of Lord Mount Stephen (London, 1965)Google Scholar; Goldthwaite, Richard A., Private Wealth in Renaissance Florence: A Study of Four Families (Princeton, 1968)Google Scholar; Grant, Hilda K., Samuel Cunard, Pioneer of the Atlantic Steamship (London, 1967)Google Scholar; Henriques, Robert D. Q., Sir Robert Waley Cohen, 1877–1952: A Biography (London, 1966)Google Scholar; Jellinek-Mercedes, Guy, My Father, Mr. Mercedes (London, 1966)Google Scholar; Kemp, Charles D., Big Businessmen: Four Biographical Essays (Melbourne, 1964)Google Scholar; Kuisel, Richard F., Ernest Mercier: French Technocrat (Berkeley, 1967)Google Scholar; McCormick, Donald, Peddler of Death: The Life and Times of Sir Basil Zaharoff (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Marriner, Sheila and Hyde, Francis E., The Senior John Samuel Swire, 1825–1898: Management in Far Eastern Shipping Trades (Liverpool, 1967)Google Scholar; Marshall, J. D. (ed.), The Autobiography of William Stout of Lancaster, 1665–1752 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Montagu, Edward J. B., Rolls of Rolls-Royce: A Biography of the Honorable C. S. Rolls (London, 1966)Google Scholar; Oldham, Wilton J., The Hyphen in Rolls-Royce: A Biography of Claude Johnson (London, 1967)Google Scholar; Whitehead, Robert A., Garrets of Leiston (London, 1964).Google Scholar

7 Babcock, Glenn D., History of the United States Rubber Company: A Case Study in Corporation Management (Bloomington, 1966)Google Scholar; Broehl, Wayne G. Jr., The International Basic Economy Corporation (Washington, D.C., 1968)Google Scholar; Carr, William H. A., Perils Names and Unnamed (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Dew, Charles B., Iron Maker to the Confederacy: Joseph R. Anderson and the Tredegar Iron Works (New Haven, 1966)Google Scholar; Dill, Alonzo T., Chesapeake, Pioneer Papermaker: A History of the Company and Its Community (Charlottesville, 1968)Google Scholar; Dougherty, Richard, In Quest of Quality: Hormel's First 75 Years (St. Paul, 1966)Google Scholar; Elson, R. T., Time, Inc.: The Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Fite, Gilbert C., Farm to Factory: A History of the Consumers Cooperative Association (Columbia, 1965)Google Scholar; Fussell, H. R., A History of Gulf States Utilities Company, 1912–1947 (Houston, 1967)Google Scholar; Goulden, Joseph C., The Curtis Caper (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Gray, Ralph D., The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769–1965 (Urbana, 1967)Google Scholar; Kouwenhoven, John A., Partners in Banking: An Historical Portrait of a Great Private Bank, Brown Brothers, Harriman & Co., 1818–1868 (Garden City, 1968)Google Scholar; Mansfield, Harold, Vision, The Story of Boeing: A Saga of the Sky and the New Horizons of Space (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Marquette, Arthur F., Brands, Trademarks, and Goodwill: The Story of the Quaker Oats Company (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Miller, Raymond C. and Knowles, P. H., The Gilbert and Bennett Manufacturing Company, 1818–1968 (Georgetown, Conn., 1968)Google Scholar; Nicholson, Arnold, Acme Markets, Inc. (Philadelphia, 1967)Google Scholar; Norris, James D., Frontier Iron: The Maramec Iron Works, 1826–1876 (Madison, 1964)Google Scholar; Norris, James D., AZn: A History of the American Zinc Company (Madison, 1968)Google Scholar; Overton, Richard C., Burlington Route: A History of the Burlington Lines (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Pease, George S., Patriarch of the Prairie: The Story of Equitable of Iowa, 1867–1967 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Scott, Otto J., The Exception: The Story of the Ashland Oil and Refining Company (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Settle, Raymond W. and Settle, Mary Lund, War Drums and Wagon Wheels: The Story of Russell, Majors and Waddell (Lincoln, Neb., 1966)Google Scholar; Smith, Alice E., Millstone and Saw: The Origins of Neenah-Menasha (Madison, 1966)Google Scholar; Smith, Bruce L. R., The Rand Corporation: Case Study of a Nonprofit Advisory Corporation (Cambridge, Mass., 1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Weaver, Glenn, The Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Company, 1866–1966 (Hartford, 1966)Google Scholar; Whitehead, Don, The Dow Story: The History of the Dow Chemical Company (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Whittelsey, Charles C. W., For Human Needs: The Story of Ford, Bacon & Davis (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Young, James H., The Medical Messiahs: A Social History of Health Quackery in Twentieth-Century America (Princeton, 1967).Google Scholar

8 Hidy, R. W., Hill, Frank E., and Nevins, Allan, Timber and Men: The Weyerhaeuser Story (New York, 1963)Google Scholar; Buley, R. Carlyle, The Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, 1895–1964 (2 vols., New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Larson, Henrietta M., Knowlton, Evelyn, and Popple, Sterling, New Horizons, 1927–1950: History of Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), Vol. III, to be published in 1970.Google Scholar

9 Wilson, Charles, The History of Unilever: Challenge and Response in the Post-war Industrial Revolution, 1945–1965 (Vol. III of three volumes, New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Gille, Bertrand, Histoire de la Maison Rothschild: Vol. II, 1848–1870 (Geneva, 1967).Google Scholar

10 Andrews, Philip W. S. and Brunner, E., The Eagle Ironworks, Oxford: The Story of W. Lucy and Company, Limited (London, 1965)Google Scholar; Cartwright, Alan P., Gold Paved the Way: The Story of the Gold Fields Group of Companies (London, 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Chaudhuri, K. N., The English East India Company: The Study of an Early joint-Stock Company, 1600–1640 (London, 1965)Google Scholar; Collis, Maurice, Wayfoong: The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (London, 1965)Google Scholar; Craven, Wilfred A., The First Hundred Years: The Story of the Inception and Fulfilment of a Youthful Idea Which Brought into Being an Industry Worthy of its Creators: The Early History of Bradley & Craven, Limited (Wakefield, England, 1965)Google Scholar; Hill, Mervyn F., Magadi: The Study of the Magadi Soda Company (Birmingham, England, 1964)Google Scholar; Musson, Albert E., Enterprise in Soap and Chemicals: Joseph Crosfield & Sons, Limited, 1815–1965 (Manchester, 1965)Google Scholar; Vale, Edmund, The Harveys of Hayle, Engine Builders (Truro, 1966)Google Scholar; Williamson, Geoffrey, Wheels within Wheels: The Story of the Starleys of Coventry (London, 1966)Google Scholar; Payne, Peter (ed.), Studies in Scottish Business History (London, 1967)Google Scholar; Milne, Kenneth, A History of the Royal Bank of Ireland, Limited (Dublin, 1964).Google Scholar

Although others have been written, three studies of Australian institutions have come to my particular attention: Bailey, John D., A Hundred Years of Pastoral Banking: A History of the Australian Mercantile Land & Finance Company, 1863–1963 (Oxford, 1966)Google Scholar; Hall, A. R., The Stock Exchange of Melbourne and the Victorian Economy (Canberra, 1968)Google Scholar; Birch, Alan and Macmillan, David S. (eds.), Wealth & Progress: Studies in Australian Business History (Sydney, 1967).Google Scholar

11 Bernstein, Marvin D., The Mexican Mining Industry, 1890–1950: A Study of the Inter action of Politics, Economies and Technology (Albany, 1964)Google Scholar; Birch, Alan, The Economic History of the British Iron and Steel Industry, 1784–1879 (London, 1967)Google Scholar; Cocks, Edward J. and Walters, B., A History of the Zinc Smelting Industry in Britain (London, 1968)Google Scholar; Hardie, David W. F. and Pratt, J. D., A History of the Modern British Chemical Industry (Oxford, 1966)Google Scholar; Hughes, Helen, The Australian Iron and Steel Industry, 1848–1962 (Parkville, Victoria, 1964)Google Scholar; Keeling, B. S. and Wright, A. E. G., The Development of the Modern British Steel Industry (London, 1964).Google Scholar

12 On petroleum, Williamson, Harold F. and associates, The American Petroleum Industry (2 vols., Evanston, 1959, 1963).Google Scholar Other examples of industry studies are: Barnouw, Erik, A Tower of Babel: A History of Broadcasting in the United States to 1933 (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Barnouw, Erik, The Golden Web: A History of Broadcasting in the United States, 1933–1953 (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Edwards, Charles E., Dynamics of the United States Automobile Industry (Columbia, S. C., 1965)Google Scholar; Fanning, Leonard M., Men, Money and Oil: The Story of an Industry (Cleveland, 1966)Google Scholar; Kaiser, W. K. and Stonier, C. E. (eds.), The Development of the Aerospace Industry on Long Island (3 vols., New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Keller, Morton, The Life Insurance Enterprise, 1885–1910 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Oliver, John L., The Development and Structure of the Furniture Industry (Oxford, 1966)Google Scholar; Rae, John B., Climb to Greatness: The American Aircraft Industry (Cambridge, Mass., 1968)Google Scholar; Reynolds, William A., Innovation in the United States Carpet Industry, 1947–1963 (Princeton, 1968)Google Scholar; Loening, Grover, Take off into Greatness (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Smith, Philip H., Wheeh within Wheels: A Short History of American Motor Car Manufacturing (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Simonson, G. R., The History of the American Aircraft Industry: An Anthology (Cambridge, Mass., 1968)Google Scholar; Stekler, H. O., The Structure and Performance of the Aerospace Industry (Berkeley, 1965)Google Scholar; Wagoner, H. D., The U.S. Machine Tool Industry from 1900 to 1950 (Cambridge, Mass., 1968)Google Scholar; Welfling, Weldon, Mutual Savings Banks: The Evolution of a Financial Intermediary (Cleveland, 1968).Google Scholar

13 Carosso, Vincent P., Investment Banking in America: A History (Cambridge, Mass., 1970).Google Scholar

14 Buley, R. Carlyle, The American Life Convention, 1906–1952: A Study in the History of Life Insurance (2 vols., New York, 1953)Google Scholar; Bennett, Charles D., Facts Without Opinion: The First Fifty Years of the Audit Bureau of Circulations (Chicago, 1965)Google Scholar; Farrell, Paul V., The First Fifty Years of the N. A. P. A.: Golden Anniversary Issue (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Collier, John M., The First Fifty Years of the Southern Pine Association, 1915–1965 (New Orleans, 1965)Google Scholar; Galambos, Louis, Competition and Cooperation: The Emergence of a National Trade Association (Baltimore, 1966)Google Scholar; Mooney, Booth, Builders for Progress: The Story of the Associated General Contractors of America (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Steigerwalt, A. K., The National Association of Manufacturers, 1895–1914: A Study in Business Leadership (Ann Arbor, 1964).Google Scholar

For comparison, students of the American business scene might well examine Latham, Bryan, History of the Timber Trade Federation of the United Kingdom: The First Seventy Years (London, 1965)Google Scholar; SirHowitt, Harold (ed.), The History of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, 1880–1965 & Its Founder Accountancy Bodies, 1870–1880; The Growth of a Profession and its Influence on Legislation and Public Affairs (London, 1966).Google Scholar

15 Blackman, John L., Presidential Seizure in Labor Disputes (Cambridge, 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Buder, Stanley, Pullman: An Experiment in Industrial Order and Community Planning, 1880–1930 (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Collier, Frances, The Family Economy of the Working Classes in the Cotton Industry, 1784–1833 (Manchester, 1964)Google Scholar; Egger, Gerald G., Railroad Labor Disputes: The Beginnings of Federal Strike Policy (Ann Arbor, 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ozanne, Robert, A Century of Labor-Management Relations at McCormick and International Harvester (Madison, 1967)Google Scholar; Ozanne, Robert, Wages in Practice and Theory; McCormick and international Harvester, 1860–1960 (Madison, 1968)Google Scholar; Uphoff, Walter H., Kohler on Strike: Thirty Years of Conflict (Boston, 1966).Google Scholar

16 Allen, James B., The Company Town in the American West (Norman, 1966)Google Scholar; Dykstra, Robert R., The Cattle Towns (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Gracy, David B., Littlefield Lands: Colonization on the Texas Plains, 1912–1920 (Austin, 1968)Google Scholar; Gressley, Gene M., Bankers and Cattlemen (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Hidy, R. W., Hill, Frank E., and Nevins, Allan, Timber and Men: The Weyerhaeuser Story (New York, 1963)Google Scholar; Jackson, W. Turrentive, The Enterprising Scot: Investors in the American West after 1873 (Edinburgh, 1968)Google Scholar; Moore, John H., Andrew Brown and Cypress Lumbering in the Old Southwest (Baton Rouge, 1967)Google Scholar; Swierenga, Robert P., Pioneers and Profits: Land Speculation on the Iowa Frontier (Ames, Iowa, 1968)Google Scholar; Winther, O. O., The Transportation Frontier: Trans-Mississippi West, 1865–1890 (New York, 1964).Google Scholar

17 Bernays, Edward L., Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Hiebert, Ray E., Courtier to the Crowd: The Story of Ivy Lee and the Development of Public Relations (Ames, 1966)Google Scholar; Golden, L. L. L., Only by Public Consent: American Corporations Search for Favorable Opinion (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Raucher, Alan R., Public Relations and Business, 1900–1929 (Baltimore, 1968).Google Scholar

18 Pollard, Sidney, The Genesis of Modern Management: A Study of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)Google Scholar; Chandler, Alfred D. Jr., Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of the Industrial Enterprise (Cambridge, Mass., 1962).Google Scholar

In pinpointing entrepreneurial types, Hughes, Jonathan, The Vital Few: American Economic Progress and Its Protagonists (Boston, 1966)Google Scholar, presents stimulating and original ideas.

19 Wiebe, Robert H., Businessmen and Reform: A Study of the Progressive Movemen (Cambridge, Mass., 1962)Google Scholar; Kolko, Gabriel, Railroads and Regulation, 1877–1916 (Princeton, 1965)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kolko, Gabriel, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History (Glencoe, 1963)Google Scholar; Weinstein, James, The Corporate Ideal in the Liberal State, 1900–1918 (Boston, 1968).Google Scholar

20 Bjork, Gordon C., Private Enterprise and Public Interest: The Development of American Capitalism (Englewood Cliffs, 1969)Google Scholar; Edwards, Corwin D., Control of Cartels and Monopolies: An International Comparison (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Hawley, Ellis W., The New Deal and the Problem of Monopoly: A Study in Economic Ambivalence (Princeton, 1966)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Johnson, Arthur M., Petroleum Pipelines and Public Policy, 1906–1959 (Cambridge, Mass., 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Kerr, K. Austin, American Railroad Politics, 1914–1920: Rates, Wages, and Efficiency (Pittsburgh, 1968)Google Scholar; Letwin, William, Law and Economic Policy in America: The Evolution of the Sherman Antitrust Act (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; MacAvoy, Paul W., The Economic Effects of Regulation: The Trunkline Railroad Cartels and the Interstate Commerce Commission before 1900 (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)Google Scholar; Mazlish, Bruce, The Railroad and the Space Program: An Exploration in Historical Analogy (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)Google Scholar; Moyer, Reed, Competition in the Midwestern Coal Industry (Cambridge, Mass., 1964)Google Scholar; Nash, Gerald D., State Government and Economic Development: A History of Administrative Policies in California, 1849–1933 (Berkeley, 1964)Google Scholar; Nash, Gerald D., United States Oil Policy, 1890–1964: Business and Government in Twentieth Century America (Pittsburgh, 1968)Google Scholar; Remini, Robert V., Andrew Jackson and the Bank War: A Study in the Growth of Presidential Power (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Salsbury, Stephen, The State, the Investor, and the Railroad: The Boston & Albany, 1825–1867 (Cambridge, Mass., 1967)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Whitnah, Donald R., Safer Sky-ways: Federal Control of Aviation, 1926–1966 (Ames, Iowa, 1967)Google Scholar; Wicker, Elmus R., Federal Reserve Monetary Policy, 1917–1933 (New York, 1966).Google Scholar

21 Studies are numerous in areas not mentioned to this point. Among those dealing with transportation are Brown, Giles T., Ships that Sail no More: Marine Transportation from San Diego to Puget Sound, 1910–1940 (Lexington, Ky., 1966)Google Scholar; Conant, Michael, Railroad Mergers and Abandonments (Berkeley, 1964)Google Scholar; Fishlow, Albert, American Railroads and the Transformation of the Ante-bellum Economy (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)Google Scholar; Fogel, Robert W., Railroads and American Economic Growth: Essays in Econometric History (Baltimore, 1964)Google Scholar; Reed, Merl E., New Orleans and the Railroads: The Struggle for Commercial Empire, 1830–1860 (Baton Rouge, 1966)Google Scholar; Davies, R. E. G., A History of the World's Airlines (Oxford, 1964)Google Scholar; Rae, John B., The American Automobile: A Brief History (Chicago, 1965)Google Scholar; Wilkins, Mira and Hill, Frank E., American Business Abroad: Ford on Six Continents (Detroit, 1964).Google Scholar

For additional studies of individual businessmen, see Gauld, Charles A., The Last Titan: Percival Farquhar, American Entrepreneur in Latin America (Palo Alto, 1964)Google Scholar; Hacker, Louis M., The World of Andrew Carnegie, 1865–1901 (Philadelphia, 1968)Google Scholar; Kepner, Charles D. and Soothill, J. H., The Banana Empire: A Case Study of Economic Imperialism (New York, 1967)Google Scholar; Gough, J. W., Sir Hugh Myddelton: Entrepreneur and Engineer (New York, 1964)Google Scholar; Hieke, Ernst, Wilhelm Anton Riedemann: Anfang und Auf stieg des Deutschen Petroleumhandels in Geestemunde und Hamburg (Hamburg, 1963)Google Scholar; Nitske, W. R. and Wilson, C. M., Rudolf Diesel: Pioneer of the Age of Power (Norman, 1965).Google Scholar

In the financial area, see French, Bruce H., Banking and Insurance in New Jersey: A History (Princeton, 1965)Google Scholar; Goodhart, C. A. E., The New York Money Market and the Finance of Trade, 1900–1913 (Cambridge, Mass., 1969)Google Scholar; Sobel, Robert, The Big Board: A History of the New York Stock Market (New York, 1965)Google Scholar; Van Fenstermaker, J., The Development of American Commercial Banking, 1782–1837 (Kent, O., 1965).Google Scholar

On entrepreneurs and enterprises, see Chamberlain, Neil W., Enterprise and Environment: The Firm in Time and Place (New York, 1968)Google Scholar; Hirschmeier, Johannes, The Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan (Cambridge, Mass., 1964)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Smith, Norman S., The Entrepreneur and his Firm: The Relationship between Type of Man and Type of Company (East Lansing, 1967).Google Scholar

For an analysis of a much discussed contemporary topic, see Cheit, Earl F., The Business Establishment (New York, 1964).Google Scholar

In the miscellaneous category are the following: Cowing, Cedric B., Populists, Plungers, and Progressives: A Social History of Stock and Commodity Speculation, 1890–1936 (Princeton, 1965)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Crosby, Alfred W. Jr., America, Russia, Hemp, and Napoleon: American Trade with Russia and the Baltic, 1783–1812 (Columbus, 1965)Google Scholar; Gilchrist, David T. and Lewis, W. David (eds.), Economic Change in the Civil War Era: Proceedings of Conference on American Economic Institutional Change, 1850–1873, and the Impact of the Civil War, held March 12–14, 1964 (Wilmington, 1965)Google Scholar; McGouldrick, Paul F., New England Textiles in the Nineteenth Century: Profits and Investment (Cambridge, Mass., 1968)Google Scholar; Maunder, Elwood R. and Davidson, Margaret G. (eds.), First National Colloquium on the History of the Forest Products Industries (New Haven, 1967)Google Scholar; Sachs, W. S. and Hoogenboom, Ari, The Enterprising Colonials: Society on the Eve of the Revolution (Chicago, 1965)Google Scholar; Sunder, John E., The Fur Trade on the Upper Missouri, 1840–1865 (Norman, 1965).Google Scholar

22 For new publications, see Booker, Frank, The Industrial Archaeology of the Tamar Valley (Newton Abbot, 1967)Google Scholar; Hudson, Kenneth, The Industrial Archaeology of Southern England: Hampshire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Somerset, and Gloucestershire (Dawlish, 1965)Google Scholar; Pannell, John P. M., The Techniques of Industrial Archaeology (Newton Aboot, 1966)Google Scholar; Smith, David M., The Industrial Archaeology (Dawlish, 1965)Google Scholar; Tann, Jennifer, Industrial Archaeology: Gloucester Woolen Mills (Newton Abbot, 1967).Google Scholar

23 One recent addition is Soltow, James H., Origins of Small Business Metal Fabricators and Machinery Makers in New England, 1890–1957 (Philadelphia, 1965).Google Scholar

24 Johnson, Arthur M. and Supple, Barry E., Boston Capitalists and Western Railroads (Cambridge, Mass., 1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

25 Among those on the history of marketing are: Mathias, Peter, Retailing Revolution (London, 1967)Google Scholar; Reilly, Philip J., Old Masters of Retailing (New York, 1966)Google Scholar; Shapiro, Stanley J. and Doody, A. F., compilers, Readings in the History of American Marketing: Settlement to Civil War (Homewood, Ill., 1968)Google Scholar; Sibley, Celestine, Dear Store: An Affectionate Portrait of Rich's (Garden City, 1967)Google Scholar; Woodman, Harold D., King Cotton and His Retainers: Financing and Marketing the Cotton Crop of the South, 1800–1925 (Lexington, Ky., 1968)Google Scholar.

Hollander, Samuel, The Source of Increased Efficiency: Study of du Pont Rayon Plants (Cambridge, Mass., 1965)Google Scholar demonstrates one kind of study on production that historians might try in larger numbers.

26 Baughman, James P. (ed.), The History of American Management: Selections from the Business History Review (Englewood Cliffs, 1969)Google ScholarGeorge, Claude S. Jr., The History of Management Thought (Englewood Cliffs, 1968)Google Scholar; Haber, Samuel, Efficiency and Uplift: Scientific Management in the Progressive Era (Chicago, 1964)Google Scholar; Scarborough, William K., The Overseer: Plantation Management in the Old South (Baton Rouge, 1966).Google Scholar

27 To glimpse the problem of bulk of materials, see Lovett, Robert W. (ed.), Directory of Business Archives in the United States and Canada (Atlanta, Society of American Archivists, 1969).Google Scholar