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The Scipionic Legend

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 March 2019

F. W. Walbank
F. W. Walbank*
Affiliation:
University of Liverpool
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Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society (Second Series) , Volume 13 , 1967 , pp. 54 - 69
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Copyright © The Author(s). Published by Cambridge University Press 1967

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References

Page 54 note 1 Suet. Aug. 94 (Augustus); Paus. 11. 10. 3 (Aratus); id. iv. 14. 7 (Aristomenes); Aur. Vict. epit. 40. 17 (Galerius); cf. Meyer, Kleine Schriften, 11. 436 n. 5.

Page 54 note 2 The Divinity ofthe Roman Emperor (Middletown, Conn., 1931), p. 55.

Page 54 note 3 Scipio Africanus in the Second Punic War (Cambridge, 1930), pp. 70 ff.

Page 54 note 4 Studies on Scipio Africanus (Baltimore, 1933).

Page 54 note 5 Riv.fil. (1936), pp. 189-203.

Page 54 note 6 Livius und seine Vorgnger (Leipzig-Berlin, 1940-1), pp. 178 ff.; Hermes (1952), pp. 334-43 (reprinted from Festschrift Zucker).

Page 54 note 7 Hannibal's Legacy (Oxford, 1965), 11, 500-8.

Page 54 note 8 Aul. Gell. vi. 1.

Page 54 note 9 Livy, xxvi. 19.

Page 55 note 1 Dio, fr. 57, 39.

Page 55 note 2 Val. Max. 1. 2. 1.

Page 55 note 3 De vir. Hl. 49.

Page 55 note 4 Cic. rep. fr. 3 = Lactantius, Inst. Div. I. 18.

Page 55 note 5 Sil. It. xni. 628 ff., xv. 69 ff.; see on this A. R. Anderson, TAPhA (1928), pp. 31^7.

Page 55 note 6 Livy, xxi. 21. 9

Page 55 note 7 N. J. de Witt, TAPhA (1941), pp. 60-1.

Page 55 note 8 H. Mattingly, Roman Coins (London, 1928), p. 74.

Page 55 note 9 Val. Max. vm. 15. 1; App. Hisp. 23.

Page 55 note 10 Kleine Schriften, 11, 434.

Page 55 note 11 Haywood, op. cit. p. 28.

Page 55 note 12 Riv.fil. (1936), p. 190.

Page 55 note 13 Onfelicitas cf. Cic. de imp. Cn. Pomp. 47; Plut. Sulla, 34. 2; Haywood, op. cit. p. 13.

Page 55 note 14 Livy, XXXVIII. 56. 12-13.

Page 56 note 1 Haywood, op. cit. pp. 16-18.

Page 56 note 2 Livy, xxxvin. 56. 5, orationes quoque, si modo ipsorum sunt quae feruntur, P. Scipionis et Ti. Gracchi abhorrent inter se'.

Page 56 note 3 Cicero, Brutus, 79.

Page 56 note 4 Riv.fil. (1936), pp. 189 ff.

Page 56 note 5 Mommsen, Rom. Forsch. 11 (Berlin, 1879), 502.

Page 56 note 6 Ed. Meyer, Caesars Monarchie und das Principat des Pompeius3 (StuttgartBerlin, 1922), pp. 531-2.

Page 56 note 7 Op. cit. p. 22.

Page 56 note 8 Nepos, fr. 2 Winstedt.

Page 56 note 9 Festus, p. 151 Mller.

Page 56 note 10 Charisius, p. 79 P.

Page 56 note 11 Comra Nipperdey.

Page 56 note 12 So Nipperdey, ad loc.

Page 56 note 13 Horace, des, iv. 8. 15-20.

Page 56 note 14 A. Elter, Donarem pateras (Bonn, 1907); I owe the loan of a copy of this work to the kindness of Dr C. Ligotz of the Warburg Institute. Elters argues that Ennius heroized Romulus in the Annales and set out the fll canon, with the attempted addition of Scipio, in the Scipio. For the canon he quotes Horace, des, 1.12. 25 ff.; m. 3. 9 ff.; iv. 5. \;Ep. 11. 1. 5 ff.; Cicero, Tusc. Dis. 1. 27, and many other passages. des, iv. 8, he believes to be largely echoing Ennius Scipio, often verbally.

Page 57 note 1 Cf. J. Vahlen, Ennianae Poesis Reliquiae3 (Leipzig, 1928), pp. ccxv ff. and Varia, 11. 1-14.

Page 57 note 2 TAPhA (1928), pp. 7-58, especially pp. 31-7 on Scipio.

Page 57 note 3 Cf. Seneca, epist. 108. 34.

Page 57 note 4 Cicero, rep. fr. 3.

Page 57 note 5 Elter, op. dt. p. 40; L. R. Taylor, op. dt. pp. 45-6; R. Haywood, op. dt. p. 20.

Page 57 note 6 Ael. Anst. ad Rom. 28.

Page 57 note 7 Dexippus, FGH,100 F 12.

Page 57 note 8 Or, to round off the circle, from the extreme north to the extreme south; cf. E. Norden, Rhein. Mus. (1899), PP- 469-82; W. Hartke, Rmische Kinderkaiser (Berlin, 1951), pp. 355-88, especially p. 360; J. H. Oliver, The Ruling Power (T. Am. Phil. Soc. 1953), pp. 937-8. The Maeotis or the Phasis often represents the north rather than the east (as in Ael. Arist. ad Rom. 82; Herod. IV. 45. 1); but hardly here.

Page 58 note 1 Pan. Lat. xi. 16. 3 (p. 114, 9 Baehrens).

Page 58 note 2 He would restore, exempli graa: A sole exoriente supra Maeotis paludes (ad mare quo fessos ille remittit equos nostra virum volitant quae fortia facta per ora) nemo est qui factis aequiperare queat.

Page 58 note 3 See on this the material assembled by H. Fuchs, Der geistige Widerstand gegen Rom in der antiken Welt (Berlin, 1938), and in particular the story in Phlegon of Tralles (FGH, 257 F 36, m, p. 1175, lines 29 ff.) on the authority of one Antisthenes the Peripatetic, which seems to include stories going back to the period immediately after the Romano-Syrian War (Fuchs, op. cit. n. 16), amongst them the prophecy by a Roman consul of an army that shall cross the Hellespont led by an eastern king. But the dating of these Sibylline prophecies is uncertain, and this may well be later than Scipio's time. For the antithesis between Asia and Europe, east and west, in the Propaganda of the Romano-Syrian War see Walbank, CQ(1942), pp. 142-3, especially p. 142 n. 7.

Page 58 note 4 On Cicero's loose way of quoting see Vahlen, op. cit. pp. xxxix ff. and especially p. li,(Cicero) quem toties vidimus non totos versus sed indicii causa pauca verba afferre'.

Page 58 note 5 Harv. Stud. (1966), pp. 125 ff.

Page 58 note 6 Plaut. Amph. 41 ff.

Page 58 note 7 Wilamowitz, Kleine Schriften, iv, 374 n. 2.

Page 58 note 8 See above, p. 55 n. 5.

Page 59 note 1 Polyb. x. 2. 1 ff.

Page 59 note 2 Described in Polyb. x. 7-15.

Page 59 note 3 See my Commentary on Polybius, I, 4; Polyb. xxxv. 4-8; Livy, epit. 48; Oros. iv. 21. 1; Val. Max. in. 2. 6.

Page 59 note 4 Polyb. III. 48. 12, with my note ad loc.

Page 59 note 5 Polyb. x. 3. 2, .

Page 59 note 6 Polyb. x. 3. 3-7.

Page 59 note 7 Polyb. x. 4. 1-5. 8.

Page 60 note 1 Kleine Schriften, II, 413-57.

Page 60 note 2 Hermes (1921), pp. 151 ff.; cf. De Sanctis, Riv.fil. (1936), p. 191.

Page 60 note 3 Hermes (1921), p. 152.

Page 60 note 4 Polyb. VI. 56. 6-15.

Page 60 note 5 Polyb. xvi. 12. 9.

Page 60 note 6 Polyb. x. 2. 12-13.

Page 60 note 7 Livy, 1. 24. 3-4 ( = Val. Antias?; cf. Ogilvie, Commentary on Livy i-5, ad loc).

Page 60 note 8 Cf. De Sanctis, Riv.fil. (1936), p. 192.

Page 61 note 1 U. Kahrstedt, Gesch. der Karthager, m (Berlin, 1913), 279 ff.

Page 61 note 2 De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, m, 2 (Torino, 1917), 372.

Page 61 note 3 See also Meyer, Kleine Schriften, 11, 449-51 n. 2.

Page 61 note 4 Polyb. x. 9. 3.

Page 61 note 5 Livius und seine Vorgnger (Berlin-Leipzig, 1940-1), pp. 178 f.; Hermes (1952), pp. 334-43.

Page 61 note 6 Livy, xxvi. 45. 9; see above, pp. 54-5.

Page 61 note 7 Polyb. x. 12. 2-3. 8 Polyb. x. 19. 8.

Page 61 note 9 Livy, xxvi. 42. 5, 43. 1, 44. 10.

Page 61 note 10 Polyb. x. 2. 6-7.

Page 62 note 1 Polyb. x. 5. 8, 9. 2.

Page 62 note 2 Kleine Schriften, 11, 435-8.

Page 62 note 3 Polyb. in. 47. 6-48. 12.

Page 62 note 4 Cicero, div. 1. 49.

Page 62 note 5 Livy, xxi. 22. 6 ff.; cf. Val. Max. 1. 7 ext. 1; Sil. It. in. 163 ff.; Zon. vm. 23.

Page 62 note 6 Cicero, div. 1. 48; cf. Mayer, Kleine Schriften, 11, 368-70.

Page 62 note 7 Polyb. in. 47. 6-48. 12.

Page 62 note 8 Livy. xxvi. 45. 8.

Page 62 note 9 Nepos, Hann. 13. 3.

Page 62 note 10 Kleine Schriften, II, 447-8.

Page 63 note 1 Polyb. x. 5. 8, 9. 2.

Page 63 note 2 Polyb. xxxvm. 7. 11, 8. 8.

Page 63 note 3 Kleine Schriften, II, 368^71.

Page 63 note 4 W. Schur, Scipio Africanus und die Begrndung der rmischen Weltherrschaft (Leipzig, 1927), p. 96.

Page 63 note 5 Op. cit. p. 20.

Page 63 note 6 Polyb. x. 5. 5.

Page 63 note 7 Above, pp. 54-5.

Page 63 note 8 Polyb. x. 2. 9; above, p. 59.

Page 63 note 9 Livy, xxvi. 19. 3-4; above, pp. 54-5.

Page 64 note 1 As he used Fabius and Philinus as sources for the First Punic War, despite his criticisms.

Page 64 note 2 Op. cit. p. 25.

Page 64 note 3 Despite Warde Fowler's argument (Religious Experience ofthe Roman People (London, 1911), pp. 364-5; cf. Heywood, op. cit. p. 26 n. 1) that the idea of conforming his life to the will of any of these numina would of course be absolutely Strange to himthe expression would have no meaning whatever for him'.

Page 64 note 4 Kleine Schriften, H, 438.

Page 64 note 5 Livy, xxvi. 19.

Page 64 note 6 Polyb. x. 6 ff.

Page 64 note 7 Polyb. x. 8. 7; the lagoon is now dry land (cf. Scullard, op. cit. pp. 289-99).

Page 65 note 1 Polyb. x. 11. 7-8.

Page 65 note 2 Polyb. x. 14. 11.

Page 65 note 3 Polyb. x. 9. 2.

Page 65 note 4 Polyb. x. 2. 13.

Page 65 note 5 Polyb. x. 2. 8-11.

Page 65 note 6 Polyb. x. 2. 12.

Page 65 note 7 Livy, xxvi. 45. 8.

Page 65 note 8 Op. cit. pp. 76-91; see too Polyb. 1. 75. 5-10, for for an example at the R. Bagradas, near Carthage.

Page 65 note 9 Med. Pilot 1, 69; cf. Scullard, op. cit. pp. 78-9 n. 3.

Page 65 note 10 Scullard, ibid. p. 79.

Page 65 note 11 Polb x. 8. 7.

Page 66 note 1 Polyb. x. 12. 7.

Page 66 note 2 Riv.fil (1936), p. 192.

Page 66 note 3 Op. dt. pp. 80-1.

Page 66 note 4 Polyb. x. 8. 7.

Page 66 note 5 Kleine Schriften, II, 438 ff.

Page 67 note 1 Polyb. x. 11. 5.

Page 67 note 2 Livy, xxvi. 45. 6-9; the wording here seems to exclude the possibility of a previous reference in the lacuna at 43. 8-44. 1.

Page 67 note 3 Op. cit. III, 291.

Page 67 note 4 Kleine Schriften, II, 450 n.

Page 67 note 5 Appians Darstellung des sweiten punischen Krieges (Paderborn, 1936), p. 74.

Page 67 note 6 See my lecture Speeches in Greek Historians (Oxford, 1965), pp. 7 ff.

Page 68 note 1 Xen. Anab. I. 4. 18.

Page 68 note 2 Plut. Luculi. 24. 5.

Page 68 note 3 Callisthenes, FGH,124 F 31; cf. Arr. Anab. 1. 26. 2.

Page 68 note 4 Cicero, off. m. 4.

Page 68 note 5 P. Pedech, La Mhhode historique de Polybe (Paris, 1964), p. 381.

Page 68 note 6 Cf. Livy, XXXVII. 7. 8-10.

Page 68 note 7 Cf. Walbank, Philip V of Macedon (Cambridge, 1940), p. 211.

Page 68 note 8 Polyb. x. 9. 3.

Page 69 note 1 Riv.fil. (1930), pp. 192-3.

Page 69 note 2 Op. cit. p. 330.

Page 69 note 3 This Scipio however was Cnaei f. (Livy, xxix. 10).

Page 69 note 4 One might even believe in the dream as the product of elationif it were not quoted by Scipio to explain the whole campaign and so necessarily dated to the period before he crossed the Ebro (Polyb. x. 11. 7).

Page 69 note 5 A paper read to the History Faculty of the University of London on 23 February and to the Cambridge Philological Society on 2 March 1967; it owes something to helpful discussion on both occasions.