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Wriothesley's Chronicle
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 December 2009
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page 1 note a The kingdom was divided into six circuits, to each of which were appointed three or four visitors, in most cases partly clergymen, partly laymen. They began their visitation in August.—Burnet, ii. pp. 26, 31.
page 1 note b Moveable joints.
page 2 note a Supplied from Stow.
page 2 note b The Reformed Communion Service was printed in 1547 before the rest of the liturgy had been drawn up by the Committee of selected bishops and divines. It was first published 8 March, 1547–8, and may be seen in its original form in Sparrow's Collection of Canons, &c, and Collier's Eccles. Hist., Appen. of Records, No. 59.
page 2 note c Sir John Gresham.
page 3 note a John Cardmaker, afterwards burnt in 1555.
page 3 note b Midsummer or St. John's Eve, June 23.
page 3 note c St. Peter's Eve, June 28.
page 3 note d “Which watch was greatly beautified by the number of more than 300 demilances and light horsemen that were prepared by the citizens, to he sent into Scotland for the rescue of the town of Haddington.” Stow, p. 595.
page 3 note e June 29.
page 3 note f As Stephen Gardiner was not in the Tower when the Parliament ended, he enjoyed the benefit of the general pardon then proclaimed.—Strype.
page 3 note g In the palace of Whitehall.—Stow.
page 4 note a William Body.
page 4 note b Dr. Cox was preceptor to King Edward VI. See Burnet's account of him, ii. 453.
page 5 note a A journal of this invasion of Scotland is extant, written by W. Patten, a Londoner, who served in tho Protector's army. This narrative, which was first published at London in 1548, and reprinted in 1798 in Dalyell's Fragments of Scottish History, is not only one of the most minutely curious records of that age, but one of the most vivid pictures of the realities of war ever drawn. Patten's Diary is still a tract of great rarity.
page 5 note b Severely wounded at the battle of Pinkie.
page 5 note c Master of Bakewoll Hall.
page 5 note d 7th of October.
page 5 note e 30 September.
page 5 note f Catherine Parr, widow of Lord Latimer, became the sixth queen of Henry VIII in 1543.
page 5 note g It is noteworthy that the text gives no countenance to the suspicion of poison administered by her husband, that he might be at liberty to renew his addresses to the Princess Elizabeth.—See Strype, notes on Hayward, p. 301.
page 5 note h In March, 1549, the infant was committed to the charge of the Duchess of Suffolk, but survived her parents only a few months.
page 6 note a 29th October.
page 6 note b The 2nd of November.
page 6 note c St. Ann's-in-the-Willows.
page 7 note a “By the menes of a Frenchman that sette a barrelle of gonnepoder a fyere.” —Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 57.
page 7 note b Testoon or teston, an old coin made of brass covered with silver, which from 1s. 6d. the original value, came down to 6d. —a tester.
page 7 note c Baron of Sudley.
page 7 note d He was accused of conspiring against the government, with the Lord Admiral, whom he was to have supplied with 10,000l. a month.
page 7 note e Other authorities state that he had already coined abont 12,000l. of false money and had slipped a great deal more, to the value of 40,000l. in all.—See Strype, ii, p. 122; and Burnet, Hist. ii. p. 97.
page 8 note a The founder of Trinity College, Oxford.
page 9 note a The Parliament reassembled at Westminster on the 24th of November, 1548, having been prorogued to that day from the 25th October in consequence of the plague then being in London.
page 9 note b A very accurate and full account of the Acts passed in this Parliament will be found in Burnet's History of the Reformation.
page 9 note c As also all those who had absented themselves out of the kingdom.
page 10 note a Omitted in MS.
page 10 note b Baron of Sudley.
page 10 note c On the 4th of March a message came from the King to the Commons stating that “he thought it was not necessary to send for the Admiral, but that the Lords should come down and renew before them the evidence they had given in their own House;” and thereupon the Bill of Attainder was agreed to in a House of about four hundred members, not more than ten or twelve voting in the negative.—See Burnet, ii. p. 99.
page 10 note d Strype, in his notes to Hayward, pp. 301–3, has given a full account of these proceedings from the Journals of the two Houses, to prove “ho w fairly the admiral was judged and dealt with in the Parliament.” The journals notice that the Lord Protector was present at each reading of the Bill.
page 11 note a By an article of the treaty of peace, concluded at London in March 1547, the English were allowed to continue the fortifications of Bullenberg, but Henry II. sent so rough a message by his ambassador, when these were resumed, that the Protector, rather than hazard a quarrel with France, ordered the works to be discontinued before the fort was finished.
page 11 note b Probably “the camp of the Master of the Horse.”
page 11 note c Hake or haque, a hand-gun (three-quarters of a yard long).—See “Egerton Papers,” p. 17.
page 11 note d Haguebut is only another form of arquebuse, which ancient species of fire-arm was cocked with a wheel and supported on a rest. One of those used at the siege of Boulogne may still be seen in the Museum there.
page 11 note e The French word pourvoyance, providence.
page 11 note f In King Edward's Journal, p. 6, it is said, that the French lost 1,000 men.
page 12 note a Sic MS.
page 12 note b A clerical error for “Oyer et termyner;” the writer would appear to have mistaken the contracted “et” employed in the original for “de,” here and throughout.
page 13 note a Bermondsey Street.
page 13 note b Bristol.
page 13 note c Dnrham.
page 14 note a Mr. Way, in the Promptorium (p. 11), remarks that the amice for a canon, which was made of fur or calaber, was a vestment perfectly distinct from the more ancient ecclesiastical vestment of the same name, which was of linen. In the inventory of church ornaments in Westminster Abbey at the Dissolution is the item, “Oon good graye Amyes not moche worne.” And in the “Traditions and Customs of Cathedrals, p. 120,” the amice is described as an ornament of grey fur, worn by dignitaries, as in the well known portraits of Warham and Cranmer; and the inventories of St. Alban's have the entry, “iii Almicia quorum duo de griseo et tercium de serico.”—Brit. Mus. Claud. E. iv. fol. 351. See alao “Stow's Survey,” ed. 1633, p. 660, and Brit. B. ii. 401.
page 14 note b Miles Coverdale, who completed the first English version of the Bible. He was appointed Bishop of Exeter, August 14, 1551, but was deprived and imprisoned by Queen Mary, 1553, and afterwards banished. On Mary's death he refused to return to his bishopric, and lived privately until he attained his 81st year.
page 14 note c William Bill, S.T.P., was Master of St. John's College, Cambridge, and in 1551 was translated to the mastership of Trinity College.
page 16 note a Omitted in MS.
page 16 note b Commoners or liverymen.
page 16 note c Christ Church or Creechurch within Aldgate; it formerly belonged to the Augustinian Canons of the Holy Trinity, and a neighbouring church in Leadenhall Street is still named St. Katharine Creechurch.
page 16 note d “Every daye from the xx day of July satte at every gatte viii of the comyneres and ii gonners every day from vi in the mornynge unto it was [late] atte nyght unto the x day of September.”—Grey Friars' Chronicle, p. 61.
page 16 note e Thomas Cranmer.
page 17 note a Albs and tunicles.
page 17 note b “And soo the Byshoppe of Caunterbery was there at procession, and dyd the offes hymselfe in a cope and no vestment, nor mytter, nor crosse, but a crose staffe; and soo dyd alle the offes, and hys sattene cappe on hys hede alle the tyme of the offes; and soo gave the communione hymselfe unto viii persons of the sayd church.” —Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 60.
page 17 note c By the law of nature and Christianity.
page 17 note d This is the same the Church of England makes use of at this day, excepting a few alterations.
page 17 note e Archbishop Cranmer.
page 18 note a This Act confirming the new Liturgy sanctioned the preface concerning ceremonies, and gave the whole a turn favourable to the Reformation. It is said in the preamble of the Act, “That there might be an uniform way of worship all over the Kingdom; the King, by the advice of the Protector and his council, had appointed the Archbishop of Canterbury and other Bishops and Divines named to draw an Order of divine worship, &c. which they, by the aid of the Holy Ghost, had with one uniform agreement concluded on. Wherefore the Parliament, having considered the Book, did enact, &c.” This Act was variously criticised at the time. Some thought it too much that it was said the book was drawn by “the aid of the Holy Ghost.” Others censured it because it was said to be done “by uniform agreement,” though eight of the bishops employed in drawing it up protested against its being published in its present form, viz. the bishops of London, Durham, Carlisle, Worcester, Norwich, Hereford, Chichester, and Westminster, as also the Earl of Derby and the Lords Dacres and Windsor.—See Journals of Parl.; Burnet, Hist. Ref. ii. p. 61–95; and Collier Ecclesiastical Hist. ii. p. 255–9.
page 18 note b The sacrament of the Eucharist was to be made of bread and of wine mixed with water. In the Consecration Prayer were these words, since left out, “With thy Holy Spirit vouchsafe to ble+ss arid sanc+tify these thy Gifts of Bread and Wine, that they may be unto us the Body and Blood of thy most dearly beloved Son, &c.”
page 18 note c John Joseph, S.T.P. rector of St. Mary-le-Bow.
page 19 note a Romford—See Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 60.
page 19 note b A man of Boulogne.
page 19 note c With only 1,060 horsemen, (King Edward's Journal, p. 7,) or according to Holingshead (p. 1033) and Hayward (p. 297) with 1,500 horse and a small band of Italian mercenaries.
page 19 note d Edmund, first Lord Sheffield (created baron 1 Edward VI.) His horse falling into a ditch he was slain by a butcher with a club. See Dugdale, Baronage, ii. p. 336.
page 19 note e Neither Blackstone nor Hallam give the exact date of the first commissions of lieutenancy, but both refer to the statute 4 and 5 Phil, and Mary, c. 3, in which lords-lieutenant are mentioned as known officers. It would appear, however, that these officers were first instituted in the reign of Edward VI. the more readily to repress these insurrections. Their commissions are dated 24th July, and run, “that they should enquire of all treasons, misprisions of treason, insurrections, riots, and all other breaches of the King's peace, with authority to levy men and light against the King's enemies.” See Strype's Memorials, ii. p. 178.
page 20 note a John, Lord Russell.
page 20 note b The rebels, finding they could not take the city of Exeter by force, as they had no artillery, at length turned the siege into a blockade, in hopes that the want of provisions would compel th e besieged to surrender.
page 20 note c The citizens, who were the solo defenders, endured extreme famine for twelve days, eating their horses and the horses’ bran. See Hayward, p. 294.
page 20 note d The rebels lost 600 men.—Hayward, p. 294.
page 21 note a Omitted in MS.
page 21 note b Other authorities say 2,000, but Stow follows our text.
page 21 note c Wymondham or Windham, in Norfolk, about eight miles from Norwich.
page 22 note a Ket, though a tanner, was wealthy, and the owner of several manors in the county of Norfolk. See Strype, Eccles. Mem. ii. 281.
page 22 note b The forta of Blackness, Ambleteuse, and Newcastle, situated in the Boulonnais.
page 22 note c Boulognebourg or Bullenberg, a fort in the Boulonnais constructed by the English.
page 22 note d The remains of the ancient fortifications of Boulogne are easily discovered in many places along the ramparts and in the gardens of the Petits Arbres. All these fortifications were pulled down in 1687, under the ministry of Louvois, except the chateau or citadel, for many ages the residence of the captains or governors of Boulogne.
page 22 note e “The Old Man of Boulogne” was tho English name for the Tour d'Ordre, originally built by Caius Caligula, the Roman Emperor, us a triumphal monument and on the top of which was placed a light, to serve as a beacon during the night to vessels navigating the Channel. When the English gained possession of Boulogne in 1544, they constructed considerable works round this ancient tower, the curtains of which were 600 feet in length, and the flank of each bastion 200. At the time of its construction the tower was more than a bow-ahot from the sea, and in 1544 stood about 400 yards from the edge of the cliff. The encroachment of the sea in later times however gradually gained so much on the land that the hill on which the Tour d'Ordre was built became undermined, and slipped down on the 29th of July, 1744.
page 22 note f This defence was conducted by the valiant Sir Nicholas Arnold.
page 23 note a November 1.
page 24 note a Stow adds: “Eor the which he was accused unto the Councell by William Latimer, parson of Saint Laurence Pountney, and John Hooper, sometime a white monke, and so consented before the Archbishop of Canterbury and other Commissioners at Lambheath.”—Chronicle, ed. Howes, 1631, p. 597.
page 24 note b Viz. Lord St. John, President of the Council and Lord Great Master of the Household, the Earls of Southampton and Arundel, Sir Edward North, Sir Richard Sonthwell, Sir Edmund Peckham, Sir Edward Wotton, and Dr. Wotton, Dean of Canterbury. They met there privately, armed.—Hollinshead, p. 1057.
page 24 note c Ely House, then the residence of the Earl of Warwick.
page 25 note a Sir Leonard Chamberlaine.
page 25 note b Baron Rich of Leeze, co. Essex.
page 26 note a Lord Saint John.
page 27 note a Accompanied by Sir Anthony St. Leiger and Sir John Williams.—Burnet, ii. p. 137.
page 27 note b Who received them graciously and assured them he took all they had done in good part.
page 27 note c Next day they proceeded to the examination of the duke's friends, who were all sent to the Tower, except Cecill, who had his liberty.
page 27 note d Chancellor of the First Fruits and Tenths.
page 27 note e Cavendish.
page 28 note a Sir John Gage.
page 28 note b Supplied from Stow.
page 28 note c See Burnet, ii. p. 138.
page 28 note d See Burnet, ii. p. 149.
page 28 note e Southwark Place, situated almost directly over against St. George's church. It is described by Stow as a large and most sumptuous house, built by Charles Brandon, late Duke of Suffolk, in the reign of Henry VIII., which was called Suffolk House, but coming afterwards into the King's hands, the same was called Southwarke Place, and a mint of coinage was there kept for the king. To this place came King Edward VI. in the second year of his reign, from Hampton Court, and dined in it.—Stow's Survey of London, ed. 1842, p. 153.
page 28 note f A clerical error for “his Privy Council.”
page 29 note a Sir Andrew Judde, skinner.
page 29 note b “Item the x day of April [1549] was pullyd downe the clowster in Powlles that was callyd the Pardon churcheyerd wyth the chappelle that stode in the myddes, to bylde the Protectores place withalle.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 58.
page 29 note c It was still the same Parliament the Duke of Somerset had called, and the Council had still the same maxims with respect to the Reformation.
page 30 note a Sir Andrew Judde, skinner.
page 30 note b Bremen and Danzig.
page 30 note c Wymondham.
page 30 note d The Rebels’ camp was at Monshold, near Mount-Surrey.—Baker's Chronicle, p. 325.
page 31 note a Robert Ket was hanged in chaines on the top of Norwich Castle, and William Ket likewise hanged on the top of Windham steeple.—Stow.
page 31 note b Brochty-Crag, called by the English Broughty Castle, was situated on the Frith of Tay, near Broughty Ferry, in Monifieth parish, four miles east of Dundee. It was taken by the English after the battle of Pinkie, and garrisoned by the Protector with 200 men, but was afterwards recaptured by De Thermes, who had succeeded Dessé d'Espanvilliers in command of the French contingent.
page 31 note c Supplied from Stow.
page 31 note d Sir John Mason.
page 31 note e Notwithstanding all his greatness, the Earl of Warwick was not a little embarrassed concerning the affair of Boulogne. He had himself most exclaimed against the Duke of Somerset for proposing to resign that place to the French, and ridiculed all his reasons, and yet for these same reasons he resolved at length to do what he so much blamed in another.—Rapin, Hist. Engl. vol. ii. p. 19.
page 31 note f Captain Gambolde, a valyant man, a Spanyerd.—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 65.
page 32 note a Filicirga.—Stow, Annales, ed. 1631, p. 603.
page 32 note b By hys own country-men.—Grey Friars' Chronicle, p. 65.
page 32 note c These names are spelt in Stow, Charles Ganaro, Balthasar Ganaro, Nicholas Disalueton, and Francis Deualesco.
page 32 note d February 2.
page 33 note a William Purr was created Earl of Essex 1543, and Marquis of Northampton 1316.
page 33 note b “And that night he supped at Sir John York's.”—Stow, p. 603.
page 33 note c On the 16th of the same month he received the King's pardon.
page 33 note d Thus his fall was not so great as his enemies expected, and on the 10th April following he was restored into favour and sworn of the Privy Council. He, however, forfeited much of the esteem he had acquired among the people, who, not diving into the reasons of his conduct, could not help thinking him guilty, since he had confessed all.—Rapin, Hist. Engl. ii. p. 19.
page 33 note e He had been deprived and committed to prison in September 1549.
page 34 note a He was summoned before the council, and after a declaration of the causes of complaint against him he was ordered to preach on a Sunday at St. Paul's Cross, and to prove in his sermon certain points, whereof this was one of the principal, “That the authority of a king was the same when he was in minority as when of full age.” He preached on the 1st of September before a numerous audience, and touched upon all the points tha t were enjoined him, except the last. Besides, he brought in some things which gave offence to the Court.
page 34 note b Dr. Burnet says, he behaved before the judges more like a madman than a bishop.
page 34 note c In MS. the names “Smyth” and “Wollfe” have been accidentally transposed.
page 34 note d The principal condition of this peace was the surrender to France of Boulogne upon a money payment of 400,000 crowns.
page 35 note a The same members of the council who now assented to the peace hail, when it was before proposed by the late Lord Protector, exclaimed against it as the consummation of national disgrace.
page 35 note b “At these sermons the mayor and aldermen were wont to be present in their violets at Pauls on Good Friday, and in their scarlets at the Spittle in the holidays, except Wednesday, in their violets.”—Stow's London.
page 35 note c Supplied from Stow, p. 601.
page 36 note a “Which caused the said corporations to sell much of their best lands, farre better cheape than they had bought their quit rents, as after sixteen or fourteen years purchase.”—Stow, p. 604.
page 36 note b Southwark Place, formerly called Suffolk House.
page 36 note c Striped.
page 37 note a Upon the payment of 200,000 crowns of gold at the time of the delivery of the town, and of as much more in five months after, under the name of a compensation to the English for the cost of keeping up the fortifications while it had been in their possession.
page 37 note b It was stipulated that France should give six hostages for payment of the 200,000 crowns in August, and England the like number of hostages for the security of the restitution of Boulogne to the French King.
page 37 note c By this treaty all the pains taken by Henry VIII. to secure a pension or rather a yearly tribute in lieu of the title he pretended to have to the Crown of France were rendered fruitless, while in favour of England the treaty contained only an indeterminate reservation of the claim which had occasioned the effusion of so much blood since the reign of Edward III.
page 37 note d Joane Knell alias Butcher, in Stow.
page 38 note a It would appear from the expressions attributed to her that she affirmed Christ's body was not really but only apparently of human flesh.
page 38 note b It is supposed that, struck with some uncomfortable feelings consequent on the young King's solemn admonition, Cranmer would gladly have escaped from the execution of the sentence which he and his fellow commissioners had passed on her, and both he and Ridley took great pains to prevail upon Joan to save her life by the same abjuration which had already enabled them to dispense with the actual lighting of the fagots in several other cases. But the enthusiast, courting martyrdom, treated all their exhortations with contempt, and she was at last consigned to the flames.
page 38 note c i.e. wretchedly or miserably. The passage in Stow runs thus, “but she, not regarding his (Dr. Story's) doctrine, said to him, he lied like, &c.”
page 38 note d The see of Westminster, vacant by the resignation of Thirleby, was united to that of London and given to Dr. Ridley, who was translated from Rochester 1 April, and installed in St. Paul's Cathedral on the 12th April.
page 39 note a He served, with Andrew Judde, the office of sheriff in 1544.
page 39 note b Gaspard de Coligny, Seigneur de Châtilloii, Admiral of France and Ambassador to England, died 1572.
page 40 note a Omitted in MS.
page 40 note b John Cottisford, S.T.P.
page 41 note a On the 3rd June, John, the Karl of Warwick's eldest son, married Ann, daughter of the Duke of Somerset, and on the next day Robert, his third son, married Sir John Robsart's daughter.—Edw. Journal, pp. 14 and 15.
page 41 note b London and Westminster.
page 41 note c Stow gives the 30th, as in our text, but Strype says the Earl died on the 31st.
page 41 note d Afterwards Southampton House.
page 41 note e Dr. Burnet says he died with grief and vexation, but some asserted he poisoned himself.
page 41 note f Where a fair monument was erected to his memory.—Stow.
page 42 note a “and” in MS.
page 44 note a “The xix day of November was bured my lade Jude, mayress of London, and wyff of Sir Andrew Jude, mayr of London, and bured in the parryche of Saynt Ellen, in Bysshope-gatt stret.”—Diary of Henry Machyn, p. 2.
page 44 note b Alderman in MS.
page 46 note a According to King Edward's Journal it was on February 13.
page 46 note b John Poynet, who had succeeded Kidley at Rochester, was translated to Winchester the 23rd March, 1551, and resigned 1553.
page 46 note c John Scory was appointed by the King 26th April, pursuant to statute 1 Edward VI., and the royal significavit to the Archbishop issued the next day; he was consecrated at Croydon 30th August following, and on the 23rd of May in the next year was translated to Chichester.
page 47 note a George Von Paris, a Dutchman, who resided in London in the practice of his profession of a surgeon, was burne d in Smithfield for Arianism.
page 47 note b A clerical error for “burnt.” See margin, also Stow.
page 49 note a Curfews.
page 49 note b Stow reads, Bletchingly, which is in Surrey, and, therefore, most probably correct; but our text looks more like Brenchley in Kent.
page 49 note c The writer of the Grey Priars’ Chronicle, adds “and also at Westmyster and dyvers other places in London, and abowte there.”
page 50 note a “It is to be noted, that this mortality fell chiefly or rather on men and those also of the best age, as between 30 and 40 yeeres, fewe women, nor children, nor olde men died thereof.”—Stow, p. 605. In King Edward's journal it is noticed that it raged chiefly among young men of a strong constitution, p. 30.
page 50 note b “It began in London the 9th of July and the 12th of July it was most vehement.”—Stow, p. 605.
page 50 note c Some curious particulars of this epidemic are given by the late John Gough Nichols, in a note to Machyn's Diary, p. 319, and also in the Chronicle of the Grey Friars, p. 70. Stow's account is very circumstantial, p. 605.
page 50 note d Henry Brandon, fifth Duke of Suffolk, son of Charles Brandon by his second wife, died of the sweating sickness, as did also two days after his brother, who had succeeded him, so that, the title having become extinct in the family of Brandon, the Earl of Warwick resolved to procure that honour for the Marquis of Dorset, father of Jane Grey, whom he designed for one of his sons.
page 50 note e This abatement of the nominal value of the coinage would appear to have been made with the object of cheapening the high price of provisions, but completely failed in its object, as we read in the Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London that “the vitelles was as dere after as it was before and worser, [so] that the pepull cryde owte of it in every place thorrow alle the realme,” p. 70.
page 51 note a “And the 3rd day was bannyshyd the citte bothe; but he would hare gevyne moch to be ascowsyd, but it wold not be tane.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 70.
page 54 note a Omitted in MS.
page 54 note b “This was a terrible time in London, for many one lost, sodainly, his friends by the sweat, and their money by the proclamation.”—Stow, p. 605.
page 55 note a George Day, S.T.P. Provost of King's College 1538, and Bishop of Chicheeter 1513.
page 56 note a Nicholas Heath, S.T.P. Bishop of Rochester 1539, of Worcester 1544, and Archbishop of York 1555.
page 56 note b Stow adds, “and sent again to the Fleet,” p. 605.
page 56 note c The Court had retired to Hampton Court on the sweating-sickness finding its way into the palace at Westminster, where it carried off one of the gentlemen of the bedchamber, and afterwards one of the King's grooms.
page 56 note d Henry Lord Gray succeeded his father as 6th Marquis of Dorset in 1530, and was created Duke of Suffolk 11 Oct. 1551. He married Frances, daughter and coheir of Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary, Queen Dowager of France and sister of King Henry VIII. K.G. attainted and beheaded 1554, when his honours became forfeited.
page 56 note e Sir William Herbert was son and heir of Sir Richard Herbert, natural son of William Herbert, first Baron Herbert, of Chepstow, who was created Earl of Pembroke 27 May, 1468; he was knighted and made Chief Gentleman of the Privy Chamber by King Henry VIII. in 1546, and created Baron Herbert of Cardiff 10 October, 1551, and the day following made Earl of Pembroke.
page 56 note f “The King also made William Cecil, his secretary, M. John Cheeke, one of his schoolmasters, M. Henry Dudley, and M. Henry Nevill, knights.”—Stow, p. 605.
page 56 note g William Lord Grey de Wilton was apprehended on a charge of participation in the Duke of Somerset's rebellion, but was afterwards released, and in 1560 assisted in blockading Leith.—Burnet, ii. p. 138.
page 57 note a Viz. Sir Ralph Vane, Sir Myles Partridge, Sir Michael Stanhope, and divers other gentlemen.—Stow, p. 605.
page 57 note b Anne Stanhope, “a woman of a haughty stomack.”—Baker's Chronicle, p. 326.
page 57 note c Sir Ralph Vane or Fane.
page 57 note d Upon these extravagant accusations, which were everywhere published with circumstances calculated to impose on the people, most ancient historians have, Dr. Burnet excepted, founded their accounts of this event. What is most probable is, that the Duke had projected to get himself declared Protector in the next Parliament, since the Earl of Rutland affirmed it upon oath. See Rapin's Hist. ii. p. 22.
page 58 note a Sir Nicolas Poyntz.
page 58 note b 30th October in Stow, which from the order in the text would appear to be correct.
page 58 note c “not sterling but base.”—Stow, p. 606.
page 59 note a “for” in MS.
page 60 note a This passage has been accidentally transposed in MS.
page 60 note b Omitted in MS.
page 61 note a “His horsemen standing.”—Stow, Annales, p. 606.
page 61 note b Supplied from Stow.
page 62 note a At the charges of the shires.”—Stow, p. 606.
page 62 note b “Warders,” in MS.
page 62 note c The Chronicle of the Grey Friars here adds, “and 1 or 2 drownyd by the waye in the Tems betweene the tower and Westmester.”—p. 72.
page 62 note d “Where was made in the middle of the Hall a new scaffold.”—Holinshed.
page 63 note a His judges were Northumberland, Northampton, Pembroke, and the other leading members of the government,—the very parties against whom he was said to have conspired,—and the witnesses against him were not produced, but only their -written depositions read, as was frequently the custom in those days.
page 63 note b For having designed the killing of the Duke of Northumberland and the others, although on consideration he had determined to abandon it; “yet,” adds Edward VI. in his Journal, “he seemed to confess he went about their death.”
page 63 note c Supplied from Stow, “from” in MS.
page 63 note d “The people, knowing not the matter, shouted half a dozen of times so loud that from the Hall door it was heard at Charing Cross plainly, and rumours went that he was quit of all.”—Edward VI.'s Journal.
page 63 note e Candleweeke—Street—Stow.
page 63 note f Holinshed says, as he passed through London, “there were both exclamations; the one [party] cried for joy that he was acquitted, and the other cried out that he was condemned.”
page 63 note g The Chronicle of the Grey Friars (p. 72) reads, “in Tothill fields by Westminster.”
page 65 note a Benefit of clergy.
page 65 note b Cuthbert Tunatall, made Dean of Salisbury 1516, Master of the Rolls and Vice-Chancellor 1516–22, Bishop of London 1521–30, Lord Privy Seal 1523–30, Bishop of Durham 1530, deprived 1552, restored in 1553, deprived again 1559, and died the same year.
page 65 note c Henry II.
page 65 note d Angolismæ, of Angonlème.
page 65 note e Stow gives some particulars of the cause of this panic, p. 607.
page 65 note f Edward VI. appears to have been perfectly convinced of his uncle's guilt, and in that conviction to have given himself no further concern about the duke, only noting in his diary that “the Duke of Somerset had his head cut off upon Tower hill, between eight and nine o'clock in the morning.” Grafton indeed says that “the King seemed to take the trouble of his uncle somewhat heavily;” but the King's public demeanour and the Christinas rejoicings at Court certainly do not seem to countenance this assertion.
page 66 note a This session lasted till the 15th of April following.
page 66 note b Sir Miles Partridge.
page 66 note c Supplied from Stow.
page 67 note a The Chronicle of the Grey Friars adds: “the wych playd wyth Kynge Henry VIIIte at dyase for the grett belfery that stode in Powlles church-yerde.”
page 67 note b They were apprehended and executed as the accomplices of the Duke of Somerset.
page 67 note d Bucklebury.
page 67 note c Master of Queen Catherine Howard's household in 1541
page 68 note a “a that dwelte in Aldersgate strete, that made aqwayyte” [aqua vitæ] —Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 74.
page 68 note b “with a payer of carddes, soclie as doth carde wolle with-alle.”—Ibidem.
page 69 note a Other accounts of this outrage will be found in Machyn, p. 17, and Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 74.
page 69 note b “upon this pretence, that he was said to be no gentleman, either by father or mother.”—Baker's Chronicle, p. 330.
page 69 note c “15 in number.”—Stow, p. 607.
page 76 note a “The 26 of July, began the preparing of the Gray Friers house in London.”—Stow, p. 608.
page 76 note b Variously spelled Gerard, Garrard, or Garrett.
page 77 note a This word is used in Stow.
page 77 note b Boom, a town in the province of Antwerp, Belgium, at the junction of the Brussels Canal with the Rupel, 12 miles south of Antwerp city. Boom, being admirably situated lor trade, is a busy inland port.
page 78 note a The new Common Prayer Book, according to the alterations agreed upon in the former year, with the form of making bishops, priests, and deacons, was appointed to be received everywhere after the feast of All Saints. It was, by the King's order, translated into French by Francis Philip, for the use of Guernsey, Jersey, and Calais, which translation was printed in the following year, 1553.—See Collier's Ecclesiastical History, ii. p. 321, and Strype, p. 377.
page 78 note b “The bishop of London, Dr. Ridley, executing the service in Paules Church in the forenoone in his rochet onely, without coape or vestment, preached in the quier.” —Stow, p. 608.
page 78 note c The Grey Friars’ Chronicle (p. 76) adds, “and stode there tyll it was nere honde v a cloke, and the Mayer nor aldermen came not within Powlles church, nor the craftes, as they were wonte to doo, for be-cause they were so wary of hys longe stondynge.”
page 78 note d Several Acts were passed feythe Parliament this year, advancing the Reformation in a Protestant sense. Among other things, the marriage of the clergy was declared good and valid, which had been for some time considered by the people as only tolerated.
page 79 note a This relates to the preface prefixed to the First Service Book of Edward VI. concerning ceremonies, the same that ia still before the Common Prayer Book, and the Act of Parliament passed in 1549 for its authorisation.
page 79 note b “Item, the xxv day of October was the pluckynge downe of alle the alteres and chappelles in alle Powllcs churche, with alle the toumes, at the commandment of the byshoppe, then beynge Nicolas Rydley, and alle the goodly stoneworke that stode behynde the hye alter, and the place for the prest, dekyne, and subdckyne, and wolde a pullyd downe John a Gauntes tome, but there was a commandment [to] the contrary from the counsell, and soo yt was made alle playne, as it aperes.”—Grey Eriara’ Chronicle, p. 75.
page 79 note c About this time David's Psalms began to be turned into English rhyme by Thomas Sternhold, one of the grooms of the King's Privy Chamber; he versified thirty-seven, and the remainder were completed by John Hopkins and others.—See Heylin, p. 127.
page 79 note d “Of Saint Thomas in Southwarke.”—Stow.
page 80 note a This passage is more clearly expressed in Stow (p. 608): “all in one livory of russet cotton, the men children with red caps, the women children [with] kerchiffes on their heads.”
page 80 note b “the 4th day of January.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 76.
page 80 note c George Ferrars.—See Machyn's Diary, p 28.
page 80 note d “After the Duke [of Somerset's] condemnation, it was thought fit to have something done for averting the Kings mindis from taking thought; and, to that end, one George Ferrers, a gentleman of Lincoln's Inne, was appointed in the Christmas time to be Lord of Misrule; who so carried himself that he gave great delight to many, and some to the King, hut not in proportion to his heavinesse.”—Baker's Chronicle, p. 330.
page 80 note e Sergeant Vawce, in Stow, p. 608, where a full account of George Ferrars’ visit to the City will be found.
page 80 note f Sir George Barne.
page 81 note a The young King had been seized ever since January with a distemper, which at length brought him to his grave. In fact, ever since April 2, 1552, when he fell sick of the small pox and measles, his lungs had been slightly affected, “which probably might turn to a consumption.”—See Edward's Journal p. 49.
page 82 note a The Parliament sat but one month, the Court having no further need of its assistance after the Duke of Northumberland had procured a subsidy for the King and had succeeded in tarnishing the memory of the late Duke of Somerset.
page 82 note b Stages or forms.
page 83 note a “of the hospitall of the Savoy.”—Stow.
page 83 note b Heylin and other favourers of ecclesiasticism urge from hence that the King must have been ill-principled as to the interests of the Church, because he was now in the sixteenth year of his age, and yet made no scruple to sign an order for visiting the churches and taking thence all the plate and ornaments under the flimsy pretext of their being superfluous. All this was done, say they, under colour of selling the superfluities and giving the money to the poor, who had, however, the least share. Burnet, on the other hand, observes, that, when all is done, it was only calling in the superfluous plate that lay in churches, more for pomp than use.
page 83 note c The Commissioners or Visitors had instructions to compare the churchwardens’ returns with the inventories made in former visitations, and to see what was embezzled, and how.
page 84 note a They were to leave in every church one or two chalices of silver, with linen for the communion table and for surplices; and to bring in all other things of value to the Treasurer of the King's Household, and to sell the rest of the linen, copes, altar-cloths, &c. for the benefit of the poor.
page 84 note b “The 25 day of May satte in Powlles the comyssioners with the lord cheffe justes, with the lorde mayer, and soo had away alle the platte, coppys, vestmenttes, wyche drewe unto a gret gooddes for the behoffe of the Kynges grace.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 77.
page 85 note a The sixth year of King Edward VI.'s reign terminated on th e 27th January, 1553.
page 85 note b The fourth son.
page 85 note c Her pretensions to the throne, and the history of the succession to the Crown under the Acts and will of Henry VIII. anil the letters patent of Edward VI. are fully stated by Sir Harris Nicolas in his notes to the “Literary Remains of Lady Jane Grey,” 8vo. 1825.
page 86 note a “after 7 a clocke at nyght.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 78.
page 86 note b This proclamation is printed by Grafton, and has been reprinted by most of the biographers of Lady Jane Grey.
page 86 note c Stow, after quoting the first part of this paragraph, ends here abruptly with “&c.”
page 86 note d Full particulars of the story of Gilbert Potter or Pott will be found in the Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary, pp. 115–121.
page 86 note e Lady Jane.
page 86 note f William Garrard or Garrett.
page 87 note a Some words have evidently been omitted here by the transcriber. Stow reads: “Gilbert Pot and John Owen, a gunmaker, both gunners of the Tower, comming from the Tower of London in a whirry, and shooting London bridge towards the Black Friers, were drowned at St. Mary lock, and the whirry men saned by their ores.”
page 87 note b Viz. in 1536 and 1543.
page 87 note c Stow apparently refers this to the 12th.
page 89 note a “and for the most parte alle nyght tyll the nexte daye to none.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 80.
page 90 note a Omitted in MS.
page 91 note a Omitted in MS.
page 91 note b John, MS.
page 91 note c Dr. Edwin Sandys, Vice-Chaneellor of the University of Cambridge, who had impugned Queen Mary's rights from the pulpit.
page 91 note d Nicholas Ridley, “the byshoppe of London, that was goynge unto the queene to begge his pardon, but he was tane at Ipsege, and there was put in wardc.”—Grey Friars’ Chronicle, p. 81.
page 91 note e The Duke's second son, afterwards Earl of Leicester.
page 91 note f The words in brackets would appear to have been omitted in MS. or else the passage is misplaced; for the Lady Jane was already within the dismal walls of the Tower when Queen Mary was proclaimed. Stow omits the latter portion of this paragraph altogether.
page 93 note a “the number of velvet coates that did ride before her, as well strangers as others, were 740, and the number of ladies and gentlewomen that followed was 180.”—Stow, p. 613.
page 93 note b Sir George Barnes.
page 94 note a Sir John Bryggrs.
page 95 note a “and she came to them and kissed them, and said, these be my prisoners.”—Stow, p. 613.
page 96 note a Stow (p. 613) reads: “Edward Courtney, sonne and heire to Henry, Marquesse of Excester.”
page 96 note b Cuthbert Tunstall.
page 96 note c The late King Edward VI.
page 96 note d Westminster Abbey.
page 97 note a Gilbert Bonnie.
page 98 note a Probably a clerical error for “humour.”
page 99 note a neighbour in MS.
page 99 note b Norfolk in MS.
page 99 note c Stow'a account is fuller, and gives a more correct notion of this trial (p. 614).
page 99 note d Wenford in MS.
page 99 note e Sir Henry Gerningham.—Stow.
page 100 note a St. Ethelberga, Bishopsgate Street within.
page 101 note a Guisnes, a town of Picardy.
page 101 note b St. Ethelburga, Bishopsgate Street within.
page 101 note c Sir Thomas Bromley, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and Sir Richard Morgan, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas.
page 101 note d Sir David Brooke, knt.
page 101 note e From this point the MS. is continued in a different handwriting.
page 102 note d Supplied from Stow.
page 103 note a Stow (p. 616) reads: “The Lord Ferrers of Chartley, the Lord Chiefe Justice, Sir Roger Cholmley, the Lord Montague, Sir John Cheeke, and other, were delivered out of the Tower.”
page 103 note b Stow adds, “accompanied with the Lady Elizabeth her sister and other ladies.”
page 104 note a Gilbert Bourne, prebendary of London.
page 105 note a Blank in MS.
page 105 note b Charles V. of Germany.
page 105 note c This was the hrave Count Egmont.
page 107 note a Supplied from Stow.
page 107 note b Sir Edward Warner.—Stow, p. 618.
page 107 note c Sie.
page 108 note a Sir Henry Jerningham.
page 108 note b This is given at much fuller length in Stow, p. 618.
page 109 note a The Queen's harangue may be read in Foxe.
page 109 note b Wyatt placed two pieces of artillery in battery at the Southwark end of the bridge, and caused a deep trench to be dug between the bridge and the place where lie was encamped.
page 110 note a Upon suspicion of favouring Wyatt's rebellion.—Chronicle of Queens Jane and Mary, p. 36.
page 110 note b Sir George Harper, who had been excepted in the Queen's proclamation of pardon to the Kentish men.
page 110 note c “By ten of the clocke the Earle of Pembroke had set his troupe of horsemen on the hill in the high way aboue the new bridge, ouer against St. James: his footmen were set in two battels, somewhat lower, and neerer Charing-Crosse, at the lane turning downe by the bricke wall from Islington ward, where bee had set also certaine other horsemen, and he had planted his ordinance upon the hill side.”—Stow, p. 620.
page 111 note a Or, according to other authorities, “Queen Mary! God save Queen Mary, who has granted our petition, and will have no Spanish husband.”
page 111 note b After a brave resistance Wyatt threw away his broken sword, and quietly surrendered to Sir Maurice Berkley, who, mounting him behind him, carried him off instantly to the Court.
page 112 note a The Grey Friars’ Chronicle (p. 88) adds: “the whych ware of London that fled from the Duke of Norfoke.”
page 112 note b In most chronicles spelt Brett, but in the Diary of a Resident in London Bart.
page 114 note a John Feckenham.
page 114 note b This is mentioned by Stow and several other chroniclers.
page 115 note a The Grey Friars’ Chronicle (p. 89) adds: “and the hed with the qwarter was stolne awaye.”
page 116 note a “late Clerk of the Council.”—Machyn, p. 63. His works, consisting of a very curious and circumstantial account of the reign of Henry VIII. and the origin of the Reformation, together with six essays on questions of state, written at the command and for the information of Edward VI. have been edited by D'Aubant from the Cotton. MS.
page 116 note b Sir Henry Bedingfield, the recently appointed Constable of the Tower.
page 116 note c Fotheringay.
page 117 note a The sermon was preached by Dr. Pendleton.—Strype.
page 117 note b Lord Thomas Grey.—See Chronicle of Queen Jane and Queen Mary, p. 75.
page 117 note c “called the Spirit in the Wall.”—Stow.
page 117 note d “John Drake, Sir Antony Knevett's servant.”—Diary of a Resident in London, p. 66; but Stow agrees with the text.
page 118 note a feigned.
page 118 note b Stow reads; “a player, a weaver, Hill, clerk of St. Leonard's in Foster Lane, and others confederate with her.”
page 118 note c These confederates, putting themselves among the press, took upon them to interpret what the spirit [in the wall] said [when she whistled], expressing certain seditious words against the Queen, &c.—See Stow.
page 118 note d Philip lingered a few days at Southampton, where he disembarked, as if in order to ascertain the humour of the nation, as one of his ambassadors, the Count of Egmont, had been recently violently assaulted by the populace, who mistook him for his master.
page 119 note a He came well attended with a bodyguard and troops.
page 119 note b Mary took no pains to conceal her impatience, being enabled in her conscience to plead her anxiety for a legitimate Roman Catholic succession, as the only means of securing the faith in England.
page 120 note a The feast of St. James, the titular saint of Spain.
page 121 note b Haspurgi, Hapsburg.
page 122 note a The authorities differ widely as to this date. The Grey Friars’ Chronicle (p. 91) says: “They came not unto London tyll it was the 18th day of August, and then came bothe unto the place in Sothwarke, and lay there that nyght, and the 19th day came into London.” And Stow (p. 625): “The 11 of August, the King and Queene remooued to Richmond, from thence by water to Southwarke, &c. And the next day, being the 12 of August, they rode through Southwarke ouer the bridge, and so through London, &c.” While Baker's Chronicle reads: ” The eleventh of August they remoued to Eichmond, the seven-and-twentieth to Suffolk Place in Southwark, and the next day to London,” &c. (p. 342).
page 123 note a In the new parliament the Commons consisted wholly of Roman Catholics or of men indifferent to the great question of religion, and the Lords were as subservient to the Crown as ever.
page 123 note b Cardinal Reginald Pole was son of Sir Richard Pole by Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, the daughter of George, Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV.
page 124 note a Several of the prayers used on this occasion have been preserved. They were composed by different priests, bat nearly all contain a clause praying that the child might be a male, “well favoured and witty,” with strength to repress his enemies.
page 124 note b In her exceeding anxiety for issue, Mary mistook the commencement of a dropsy for the sure sign of pregnancy, and, when Cardinal Pole was first introduced to her on his return to England, she fancied that the child was quickened, even as John the Baptist leaped in his mother's womb at the salutation of the Virgin.
page 124 note c Luke i. v. 30.
page 124 note d In thanksgiving for the Queen's quickening.
page 125 note a Emanuel Philibert, Prince of Piedmont and Duke of Savoy, was consingerman to King Philip by their mothers.
page 125 note b The Queen caused him to be elected into the order of the Garter, and shewed him much hospitality, expecting that he should marry the Princess Elizabeth.—See Tytler's Edward VI. and Mary, ii. p. 448.
page 125 note c Mary dissolved the parliament in ill humour.
page 125 note d Philip recommended the instant release of some of the most distinguished prisoners in the Tower; and it is generally stated to have been at his instigation that Mary consented to release Elizabeth and the Earl of Devon from the Tower, and to restore to their entire liberty the Lord Henry Dudley, Sir George Harper, Sir Nicholas Throgmorton, Sir William Sentlow or St. Low, and four others.
page 126 note a Without the least hesitation the late parliament revived the old barbarous laws against heretics, enacted statutes against seditious words, and made it treason to imagine or attempt the death of Philip during his marriage with the Queen.
page 126 note b John Cardmaker, alias Taylor, late Vicar of St. Bride's, was Chancellor of the Cathedral of Wells.—See Foxe, and Le Neve's Fasti.
page 126 note c John Rogers was instituted to the prebend of St. Paneras, in St. Paul's Cathedral, 24th August, 1551, and was also reader of the lecture in St. Paul's. He is fully commemorated by Foxe as the proto-martyr of the Marian persecution. He was burned at Smithfield for “being a Lutheran,” writes Noaillcs, the French ambassador, and “he met his death, persisting in his opinion, so bravely that the greater part of the people here took such pleasure that they did not fear to give him many acclamations to comfort his courage.”
page 126 note d John Bradford.
page 126 note e Dr. Rowland Taylor had lived for some time in the family of Archbishop Cranmer, who preferred him to the rectory of Hadleigh, in Suffolk, to which town he was sent to be burnt. From him was descended the learned and amiable Jeremy Taylor.
page 126 note f Laurence Saunders was sent to Coventry to he burnt.
page 127 note a Apparently a clerical error for Thomas Hawkes, an Essex gentleman, who was burned at Coggeshall.
page 127 note b He had been a monk of Ely, and is called by other authorities Fowler.—See Machyn'a Diary, p. 85.
page 127 note c Pope Julius III. was elected, 8th February, 1550, by only two votes over Cardinal Pole. He was crowned on the 22nd of the same month, and died 5th March, 1555.
page 128 note a It appears from Mary's will, which was dated the 30th April 1558, or about seven months before her death, that down to that time she was confident of being enceinte, for she made a provision for settling the crown on her issue.—See Sir F. Madden's Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary; with Introductor y Memoir and copy of Will in Appendix.
page 128 note b Omitted in MS.
page 129 note a William Featherstone was the real name of this youth, who was the son of an honest miller; he was seized at Eltham, in Kent, but not till the month of May.
page 129 note b An upholsterer of London.—See a full relation of his execution in Foxe.
page 129 note c A full account of the hearse and ceremonial will be found in Machyn's Diary, pp. 90, 344.
page 129 note d Jane, Queen of Spain, here mentioned, was heiress of Castile and Aragon; besides being King Philip's grandmother she was Qneen Mary's maternal aunt.
page 130 note a The Grey Friars' Chronicle adds; “towarde hys jurné unto hys fader the Emperar, and there toke hys leffe,” p. 96.
page 130 note b It was with much difficulty Parliament was brought to legalise these restorations.
page 130 note c Giampietro Carafia, Archbishop of Chieti and a Cardinal, was elected by the title of Paul IV. 23rd May, and crowned 26th of the same month, 1555.
page 131 note a This was not a bridge across the Thames, but one of those landing stages or staiths which ran out into the stream on the Westminster side, near Whitehall.
page 131 note b We should here read “Worcester.” The confusion has evidently arisen from Ridley, who was just before mentioned, having held the see of Rochester before he was translated to London, whereas Latimer never held any other see than Worcester, of which he was consecrated bishop in September, 1535, and resigned 1 July, 1539. These two prelates were burnt a t the same stake, the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University, with the other commissioners appointed by the Court, and a multitude of Oxford scholars and gentlemen, standing by.
page 131 note c After a short session, the Queen dissolved this parliament on the 9th of December.—See Journals.
page 131 note d Cardinal Pole, now Archbishop of Canterbury. This enlightened Roman Catholic prelate was averse to these frantic attempts to maintain one standard of faith by means of fire and sword, and endeavoured, though in vain, to prove to Mary and her government that the practice of persecution was not only dangerous to themselves, but the scandal of all religion.
page 131 note e “The 11th day after the meeting of parlament began the Cardinalles senod at Lambyth, and contynewyd tylle the 12th day of February after.”—Grey Friars' Chronicle, p. 96.
page 132 note a He attended at the opening of the Parliament, and displayed his usual ability and energy; bnt on the third day his bodily sufferings obliged him to quit his post, and he expired of a painful disease on the 12th of November.
page 132 note b John Philpot, Archdeacon of Winchester.
page 132 note c The new Chancellor, though keen in the persecution of Protestants, had not the talent and address of the old one.
page 133 note a In the Magliabechiana, which ia on the same staircase as the Florentine archives, a document of some interest to students of English History has recently been turned up. Its date is March 8, 1554, and it is an application to Pope Julius III. for the deprivation of Thomas Cranmer from the see of Canterbury on account of his evil life. It is signed Roger Ascham, and is apparently written by him; and is countersigned by Mary and her husband Philip. It is in perfect order and beautifully written. Mary signs “Maria” in a small, round, and clear hand.
page 133 note b A fuller account of the obsequies will be found in Machyn's Diary, p. 100.
page 134 note a Omitted in MS.
page 134 note b The Grey Friars’ Chronicle reads: “but thangkes be to God that there was but lyttyll harme done, for it was sone qwenched.” P. 97.
page 135 note a “Mr. Waddall, captayn of the yle of Wyth.”—Machyn's Diary, p. 104; but Stow agrees with the text.
page 135 note b These names are spelled Rosey, Bedyll, and Dethick in Machyn's Diary, and Rosselle, Bedelle, and Darrelle in the Grey Friars’ Chronicle, while Stow names them William Rossey, John Bedell, and John Dedike.
page 135 note c Frances Varney.—Machyn's Diary, p. 108.
page 136 note a Henry Peckham, son to Sir Edmond Peckham.—Stow, p. 628.
page 136 note b All Hallowes church, Barking.
page 137 note a After “&c.” the transcriber has added the following note: “The rest is at large sett downe in Mr. Stowes Annales of England, pa. 1067.”—This reference refers to the edition of 1592, a copy of which is in Lambeth Library.
page 137 note b “The last of April,” according to Stow, who is supported by Sir Harris Nicolas. The date in our text must therefore be taken as that on which Percy was created Earl of Northumberland, although that event is here stated to have taken place on the morrow after.
page 138 note a Stretchley.—Stow.
page 138 note b Stow (p. 631) adds: “and so into Flanders, where he made great provision for warre against the French King.”
page 138 note c “viz. a thousand horsemen, foure thousand footemen, and two thousand pyoners.”—Stow, p. 631.
page 138 note d July 16.
page 138 note e Sometime wife and queen of King Henry VIII. but, as she was never crowned, she is generally designated the Lady Ann of Cleves.—See Machyn's Diary, p. 144.
page 138 note f The body of the late Queen, which had been sered, i.e. inclosed in waxed cloths, the night following her death, was interred with great pomp in Westminster Abbey on the 3rd August.—See Machyn'a Diary, p. 145; and was buried, as Stow says, “at the head of King Sebert,” where “she lyeth in a tomb not yet finished.”—See Vetusta Monumenta, ii. pl. 35.
page 139 note a John III. King of Portugal, who succeeded his father Emanuel in 1521, and died in July, 1557, was the husband of Jane, aunt of King Philip, and hence arose the special observance of his obsequies in England.
page 139 note b Switzers.
page 139 note c 18 August.—Stow.
page 139 note d At the siege the Lord Henry Dudley, youngest son of John, late Duke of Northumberland, was slain with a gun.
page 140 note a Under the command of the Duke of Guise.
page 140 note b Nieulay, one of the outworks of Calais, situated within the English pale.
page 140 note c of Calais. Of which the English Council had greatly reduced the garrison, considering it as impregnable and secure from assault during the winter.
page 140 note d In the preceding November two skilled Italian engineers, Strozzi and Delbenc, had reconnoitred the town and all the forts adjacent, having gained admittance in disguise.
page 140 note e The Duke of Guise, having so unexpectedly captured Calais, on the 13th of the same month, marched with his army to assault the town and fort of Guisnes, situated five miles distant from thence.—Grafton.
page 140 note f Though miserably fortified, the castle of Guisnes was most gallantly defended by Lord Grey de Wilton, who had obtained some 400 Spanish and Burgundian soldiers from the army of King Philip; but, the Spanish auxiliaries having been killed almost to a man and the walls completely shattered, the garrison forced their officers to capitulate.
page 142 note a She was interred on the north side of Henry VII.'s chapel with all the solemn funeral rites used by the Roman Catholic Church, but no monument was raised to her memory. Even at the present day no other memorial remains to point out the spot, except two small black tablets at the west base of the sumptuous tomb erected by order of James I. over the ashes of Elizabeth.
page 143 note a By Dr. Oglethorpe, Bishop of Carlisle, the ceremony being regulated strictly in the ancient manner, and as in the Roman Catholic times.
page 144 note a The 5th of April.—Stow.
page 144 note b Thomas Lord Wentworth.
page 145 note a Stow adds: “and foure shillings of lands, to bee payd at two severall payments of every person, spirituall and temporall.”
page 145 note b Morious were a kind of open helmet without visor or beaver, copied by the Spaniards from the Moors.