Trevelyan Papers. Part III

doi:10.1017/S2042169900000262

^{page 3 note a} John Watson, a Jesuit, author of the “Quodlibets.”

^{page 3 note b} Polydore Vergil, in the passage referred to, after enumerating the virtues of King Henry VI. adds : “Hasc et ejusmodi veras sanctitatis offlcia fecerunt, ut ejns nomine, dum vivebat, miracula Deo edita fuerint. Ex quo Henricus Septimus rex non immerito abhinc paucos annps eum inter Divos referendum apud Julium pontiflcem Romanum curare ccepit, sed morte post statim obita, id officium præstare nequivit.”

^{page 4 note a} Old English Kalendar referred to in “Archseologia Æliana,” iv. 2.

^{page 4 note b} The editor or printer of the Index has metamorphosed the Pope's name into the date, thus, “Henry VI. Letter of Pope, July 2d, concerning his canonization, 1504.” Similar mandates had been previously issued by Popes Innocent VIII. and Alexander VI. the last of which is given in Lynwode's Provinciale, Oxford, 1679, p. 75. See “Archæologia Æliana,” iv. 3.

^{page 6 note a} This letter was probably written in 1503/4, not long after Sir John Trevelyan had been created Knight of the Bath by Henry VII. on the marriage of Arthur Prince of Wales with Katharine of Aragon, as part of it relates to his standard as Knight, and the quarterings thereon.

George Trevelyan, the writer, was subsequently one of the Chaplains to King Henry the Eighth. He was Rector of Mawgan, in Kerryer, Cornwall, which is, no doubt, the “benefysse”alluded to, for he was admitted to it, on his brother Sir John Trevelyan's presentation, on the 9th March, 1503/4. In 1510/11 he was presented by his brother to the adjoining rectory of Mawnan; and by order, dated Greenwich, 23 October 1516, he was appointed to Hemsfeld canonry, in Chichester cathedral. The patent confirming this grant “dilecto Capellano nostro Magistro Georgio Trevilian,” dated on the 29th and 30th of the same month, will be found in the First volume of the Trevelyan Papers, page 121. He died in 1526.

Thomas Trevelyan, the next brother of the writer, was one of the grooms of the chamber to King Henry the Seventh. He was also Escheator of Somerset and Dorset, and his acquittance, dated in 1506 (22 Hen. VII.), will be found at page 100 of the Second Part of the Trevelyan Papers.

Humfrey, the youngest brother of the writer, was the founder of the family of Trevelyan of Basil in Cornwall.

Whallysberow, Whalesborough, was a place and ancient family in Cornwall, by the marriage of his father with the heiress of which in 31 Hen. VI. John Trevelyan inherited the Whalesborongh and Kaleigh estates in Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, and Wales. He was entitled to quarter the arms of Carminow in virtue of the marriage of his ancestor Nicholas Trevelyan with Margaret Carminow, in the reign of Henry III.

^{page 7 note a} Garter King at Arms.

^{page 7 note b} Thomas second Marquis of Dorset, a letter from whom follows at page 11.

^{page 7 note c} The report made to the Consistory at Rome, that the person presented to a benefice is duly qualified.

^{page 7 note d} Possibly “Tudball,” a name still known in that part of Somersetshire.

^{page 8 note a} This letter was probably written in February 1512–13, when Henry the Eighth was preparing to invade France. A speech of Warham Archbishop of Canterbury in the Commons House is mentioned by Stowe as made on the 4th of February.

^{page 8 note b} There are families of both these names long settled in the neighbourhood of Nettlecombe.

^{page 8 note c} Showed penny, that is, made a legal tender, for which it is necessary actually to produce (show) the money. The silver penny was our ancient current money; and the word, as used in this letter, probably merely means money, and is not intended to denote any particular amount.

^{page 9 note a} mortuaries, customary acknowledgments to the incumbent on the death of a parishioner. Sir John Trevelyan's property in Mawnan is probably identical with the half knight's fee in “Le Maynwyn,” for which his grandmother Maude paid a relief on the death of her husband, Thomas Whalesborough, to the feoffees of Margaret late Lady Hungerford and Botreaux. See Trevelyan Papers, Part I. p. 86. It appears from the agreement between Sir John Chichester of Rawleigh and John Trevelyan of Nettlecomb, relative to the marriage of John Trevelyan, the son, with Urith Chichester, at p. 59 of the 2nd Part of the same Papers, that this Mawnan property remained in the family to the sixth generation, counting from John Trevelyan who married Elizabeth Whalesborough, mother of Sir John Trevelyan. This agreement was made in the 10th year of Elizabeth, or 1568. It is not known how or when the property was alienated. James Clarke appears to have been Sir John Trevelyan's agent at Mawnan. The name occurs in the parish registers soon after they commenced in 1553.

^{page 9 note b} my Priest, or, as we should now say, “Curate.”

^{page 9 note c} This letter must have been written early in Henry VIII.'s reign; certainly before 1514, because in May of that year Charles Brandon was created Viscount Lisle. He and his companion William Compton (founder of the honours and fortunes of the Northampton family) were great favourites of Henry previously to hjs coming to the throne, and were distinguished in the tournaments and other sports in which the young King so much delighted. Christopher Garneys was Gentleman Usher of the King's Chamber in 1509, and he, as well an Compton (Groom of the Chamber), was knighted, with many others, at Tournay, in September 1513.

^{page 10 note a} Thomas Earl of Surrey.

^{page 10 note b} Tothill-fields, where the King's butts then were.

^{page 11 note a} There is no date of year to this letter, but it was probably written in 1522, on the 20th of August of which year Henry declared war against France.

^{page 11 note b} The writer was the same Sir John Trevelyan made Knight of the Bath at the marriage of Arthur Prince of Wales. John was his eldest son, who afterwards married A vice Cockworthy, alluded to in the next letter

^{page 12 note a} Wulmershays in the parish of Wotton FitzPayne, Dorset, page 188 Trevelyan Papers, part I. and Wolmorhaies, page 61, Part II.

^{page 13 note a} taken habitually, as in the prescription is stated,“at morne and euyn, tyll ye have cause to lere it.”

^{page 13 note b} Beauvale, Beauval, or Bella Valle, in Nottinghamshire, founded in 1343 by Nicholas de Cantilupo. The“pair of beads,” or rosary, had received the blessing of the house evidently in pursuance of some pardon, or indulgence, granted by a Bishop, of“fourscore days” for every word repeated in making use of it.

^{page 13 note c} Avice, daughter and heir of Nicholas Cockworthy, married John Trevelyan of Nettlecombe, who died in 1546. This letter of Elizabeth Bettes to Avice's mother must have been written before her marriage.

^{page 13 note d} Ernescomb, Yernescomb of the next letter, is Yarnscomb, a parish in Devonshire, where was the seat of the Cockworthy family.

^{page 13 note e} The bearer, Mr. Pollard, a Devonshire man, a lawyer in London.

^{page 14 note a} “Took your house,” i.e. took refuge there, or concealment.

^{page 14 note b} This letter must have been written in 1514, when Nicholas Wadham was, as sheriff of Devon, answerable “by retorn off writt” for some culprit who had been rescued. The Richard Ferrars, to whom the letter was written, was the last of his family; and he had inherited Feniton from his wife Jane, daughter of William Malherbe. She afterwards became fourth wife of Sir John Kirkham, sheriff of Devon, and her daughter, by her first husband Richard Ferrars, married Thomas Kirkham, son of Sir John by his third wife. With her, Thomas Kirkham acquired Feniton, she being only daughter and heir of Richard Ferrers.

^{page 15 note a} This letter was addressed to John Trevelyan, who married the daughter of Nicholas Cockworthy of Yarnscombe, and died in 1546. In the Trevelyan Papers, Part I. p. 99, is another letter by the same writer, who appears in the 16th century to have acted in the same capacity, as agent for the family, as gentlemen of the same name, Charles and Charles Edward Rowcliffe, have during nearly fifty years, in the 19th.

^{page 15 note b} This Sir George Carew was eldest son of Sir William Carew of Mohun's Ottery and Joan, daughter of Sir William Courteney of Powderham. He was a favourite in the Court of Henry VIII. and was distinguished for his proficiency in knightly exercises. When a fleet was collected to resist the French naval expedition against Portsmouth in 1545, he was made Vice-Admiral, and appointed to the command of the “Mary Rose,” one of the finest ships in the navy; and (anticipating by 237 years the fate of Kempenfeldt, in the Royal George, from a similar accident near the same spot,) he was drowned, with most of his crew, in the presence of the King and of his own wife, owing to the vessel having, through some mismanagement, heeled over and sunk. See Froude's History, 3rd edit. vol. iv. p. 424. Particular details of this catastrophe, as described by an eye-witness, are given in Mr. Maclean's “Life of Sir Peter Carew,” p. 32–3; and in Appendix B are reprinted all the papers in the State Paper Office relating to it, with an account of the articles recovered from the wreck in 1840, p. 128—137. William Rowcleffe's letter appears to refer to the alarm caused by the appearance of the French fleet on its way up Channel to the rendezvous at St. Helen's, and its date may therefore be assigned to March or April 1545

^{page 16 note a} See an Inventory of Goods at Whalesborough, 1543, in the Trevelyan Papers, Part I. p. 184. “Brygandyres,” i.e. Brigandines, were quilted jackets, strengthened with iron plates.

^{page 16 note b} abrode-abroad, disjointed-in disorder.

^{page 16 note c} Permission to hold more benefices than one.

^{page 17 note a} Christopher Savery was, no doubt, of the family of that name of Great Totnes, among whom the Christian name of Christopher was for several generations that of the eldest son; and the lady may have been of the family of Smyth of Dartmouth, among whom we find a Catherine about this period.

^{page 17 note b} “Kyrton” is Devonshire for “Crediton.”

Kyrton was a market town

When Ex'ter was a fuzzy down.

Although originally from North Devon, Sir Stafford Northcote's ancestors were at this period called “Northcotes of Kyrton.” The person here referred to was probably Robert Northcote of Crediton, who was great-uncle to the first Baronet; he died childless. The following is an extract from the family pedigree:

^{page 18 note a} Milverton is a small town or large village in Somersetshire.

^{page 18 note b} Obolus or halfpenny, “ij d. ob.”=21/2d.

^{page 19 note a} This letter was addressed to Urith (sister to the writer and to his brother, Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland), who had married John Trevelyan, Esq. (the sixth of that name in lineal succession), of Nettlecombe : “sister Blewett,” mentioned in it, was Mary, wife of Richard Blewet or Bluet, of Holcombe Rogus : another sister, Cecilia, married 1st, Thomas Hatch, of Aller, near South Molton, and 2nd, Lewis Pollard, brother of Sir Hugh Pollard, who married another sister, Dorothy.

^{page 19 note b} Edward Chichester, the 4th son of Sir John Chichester, Kt. of Raleigh, near

^{page 21 note a} Sir George Cary was son of Thomas Cary of Cockington and Mary daughter of John Southcote of Bovey Tracy. His sister Grace was married to William Kirkham of Feniton (see the pedigree at page 14), and his brother-in-law appears to have assisted him in the management of his affairs. (See the observation made upon Ralph Walker's letter at page 20.) But his agent or steward was Nicholas Squyer; and, wherever “Sir George”occurs in Squyer's letters, it means his employer Sir George Cary of Cockington; and “my Mrs.” at pages 33 and 45, is Sir George's wife. Sir George Cary was appointed Treasurer of Wars in Ireland in 1598; was a lord of the Privy Council for Ireland, and, on the sudden departure of the Earl of Essex in the following year, he became one of the Lords Justices. When the Lord Deputy Mountjoy returned to England in 1603, he recommended Sir George Cary as his successor, saying “that, however he be no soldier, yet is well acquainted with the business of the war, wherein he bath been ever very industrious to advance the service.” The patent for his appointment to this office was dated 30 May, 1603, and that of his successor, Sir Arthur Chichester, 3rd February, 1604. He was buried at Cockington on the 19th February 1615–16. Sir George Carew (Lord Totnes) announces his death in February, in these words: “My old shakinge kinsman, Sir George Cary, sometimes Lord Deputie of Ireland, is dead, and his wife is now a riche widdow.” This lady was his second wife, Lettice or Lucy, daughter of Robert Lord Rich and Earl of Warwick. See Letters of George Lord Carew, p. 86.

^{page 21 note b} Cavendish sailed from Plymouth 1586, returned 9th Sept. 1588, and sailed again in 1591. Among the papers is a contemporary copy of Cavendish's report, which is printed in Hakluyt (vol. iii. page 355, edition of 1811), as addressed to the Lord Chamberlaine; in this copy it is adressed to “My Lord Chaunsellor.”

^{page 21 note c} Here the manuscript is decayed.

^{page 22 note a} See this couple in the pedigree at page 14.

^{page 23 note a} “ Drawn work,” a kind of lace so named from the mode in which it was made.

^{page 24 note a} This form is generally supposed to have been used only by Roman Catholics; but there is no reason to believe that John Trevelyan was a Roman Catholic. He probably retained the old custom, and later letters will show that it was also a Protestant form, sometimes varied into “Emanuel.”

^{page 24 note b} William Trevelyan, commonly called “of Milverton,” from the place of his residence, was an unsatisfactory younger brother, who was one of the parties to the raid which forms the subject of the curious Star Chamber proceedings in the first series of Trevelyan Papers, pages 128 to 135.

^{page 24 note c} Sir G. Sydenham, knt. of Combe Sydenham near Nettlecombe.

^{page 26 note a} Sir Arthur Chichester, second son of Sir John Chichester of Raleigh, near Barnstaple, Devon, was elder brother of the writer of the preceding letter of 26 July, 1586, who succeeded him on his death in 1625, and was ancestor to the Marquis and Earl of Donegal. Sir Arthur was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1604; in 1607 he visited, with the Lord Chancellor, the Lord Chief Justice, Sir Oliver Lambert, Sir Garret Moore, and Sir John Davies, Attorney-General (who wrote an account of the inspection to the Earl of Salisbury), the counties of Monaghan, Fermanagh, and Cavan; in consequence of which a commission was appointed for investigating the ecclesiastical condition of Monaghan; “but it was thought meet to suspend and stay all proceedings thereupon, until the Bishop of Derry, Baphoe, and Clogher (which three dioceses comprehend the greatest part of Ulster, albeit they be now united for one man's benefit,) shall arrive out of England; whose absence, being two years since he had been elected by his Majesty, hath been the chief cause that no course hath been hitherto taken to reduce the poor people to Christianity, and therefore majug peccatum, habet.”

Prince in his “Worthies of Devon” says, “that Sir Arthur Chichester was effectually assistant, first to plough and break up that barbarous nation by conquest, and then to sow it with seeds of civility.”

Sir A. Chichester was created Baron Chichester of Belfast in 1614. He died in London 19 Feb. 1624–5, and was buried in the church of Carrickfergus 24 Oct. 1625. The ceremonial of his funeral is entered in “Funeral Entries,” vol. v. in Ulster's office, Dublin Castle. He had obtained by purchase and grant lands about Carrickfergus, and on the site of the ruined abbey of St. Francis he erected a splendid mansion, which he called Joysmount, in honour of his patron Lord Mountjoy. Inigo Jones is said to have been the architect. It was pulled down about the year 1768. A drawing of the house, taken about the year 1612, is in the King's Library in the British Museum. See Skinner's History of Carrickfergus.

Sir Arthur Chichester's sister Mary married Richard Bluett, of Holcomb Rogus, and his sister Urith married John Trevelyan of Nettlecomb, whose second son George, born 1579, followed his maternal uncle to Ireland, and married in 1620 Mary Gage, widow of John Eowley, by whom he left no children. This George was knighted in 1617, and died in Ireland in 1620.

^{page 27 note a} William Bourchier third Earl of Bath, of Tawstock, Devonshire, married in 1583 Elizabeth, second daughter of Francis Earl of Bedford. The Countess was buried 25 March, 1605, and the Earl 12 July, 1623. Their sepulchral monuments are in Tawstock church.

^{page 29 note a} Sir Arthur Atye, of Merton College, Oxford, Public Orator of the University and Secretary to the Earl of Leicester, resided for a few years in Canonbury Tower, Islington, probably soon after the year 1582, when the previous tenant, William Ricthorne, whose widow he married, died there. Several of Atye&s children were baptized in the parish church between 1590 and 1592. Canonbury was at that time the property of Sir John Spencer, who acquired it from Thomas Lord Wentworth in 1570, but did not reside there till 1599. From him it descended, by the marriage of his daughter with Lord Compton, to its present possessor, the Earl of Northampton.. It is believed that the tower was built by Bolton, Prior of the Canons of St. Bartholomew 1510 to 1530; and it was surrendered to Henry VIII. by Fuller, the last Prior, in 1539. Among its many occupants the most distinguished have been Francis Lord Bacon and Oliver Goldsmith. The present tenants are the Islington Branch of the Church of England Young Men&s Society. See Canonbury Tower, a lecture, by Rev. E. W. Bush. 1867.

^{page 30 note a} For a pedigree of the Hills see Collectanea Topog. et Geneal. i. 409.

^{page 30 note b} This is the same John Trevelyan who married Urith Chichester. He died in 1623.

^{page 30 note c} Proof against the shot of a caliver.

^{page 30 note d} Perhaps screens or fans.

^{page 31 note a} The Earl of Essex left London for Ireland, 27 March, 1599.

^{page 32 note a} This inclosure, of three pages, is headed “A Report of the proceedings of the two armies in Flanders, from the 12th of June to the 17th of July, 1600.”

^{page 33 note a} Edmund Prydeaux, “of great reputation for skill in the law” (Prince), was created Baronet in 1622. Humphry Spurway was probably a member of the old Devonshire family of that name, and employed in Mr. Prydeaux's office.

^{page 33 note b} See note at page 21.

^{page 35 note a} George Montgomery, son of Adam, Laird of Braidstane, a descendant of the Earls of Eglinton, born at Braidstane in 1562, was, “for his worth and learning,” presented by Queen Elizabeth to the living of Chedzoy, Somerset, and was promoted by James I, to the deanery of Norwich,* which he surrendered in 1610. He appears to have supplied his brother Hugh, sixth Laird of Braidstane, who was in the court of James VI. with frequent intelligence from the court of Elizabeth; and thus perhaps ingratiated himself with that King, who, after his accession to the Crown of England, appointed him his chaplain in ordinary, and gave him a living in commendam and afterwards,“for his ability for state affairs and his great skill in ecclesiastical matters,” sent him to Ireland in 1605 in quality of a privy councillor, to acquaint him in what condition the Church and State stood in that Kingdom, and as a commissioner for settling clergy affairs. In 1606 he was employed by the Primate and Bishops of Ireland, to represent to the King the grievances of the Clergy,† and becoming (from his success) more and more esteemed of them, was recommended by the Bishops for the diocese of Deny, and with it Clogher and Eaphoe in commendam. He was translated in 1610 to Meath, which he held with Clogher till his death. He erected an episcopal residence at Ardbraccan, near Navan, and repaired the church near it, in which he built a vault and erected a monument for his wife and children who died befor himself. (Described in “The Montgomery Manuscripts.” Belfast, 1830, p. 79.) Bishop Montgomery died in Westminster on 15th January, 1620, leaving a petition to King James in behalf of the family of Howth, into which his daughter had married. His body was taken to Ardbraccan to rest with his wife and children.

In 1696 the author of the Montgomery MSS.* saw the portraits of the Bishop and his wife at Howth House.

^{page 35 note *} These preferments seem to have been confirmed to him on his being made Bishop of Derry. 1605, Feb. 24. Grant to George Montgomery, Bishop Elect of Berry Raffo, alias Raffo, and Clogher, in Ireland, of the deanery of Norwich and parsonage of Chedzoy, Somerset. Docquet. Calendar of Slate Papers.

^{page 35 note †} The report he drew up on “The antient estate of the Bishopricks of Derry, Eapho, and Clogher,” is preserved in the Cottonian Library (Titus B. xii. 660), and is printed in the Ordnance Survey of Londonderry, 1837, p. 49.

^{page 36 note a} Sebastian, who in fact perished in the battle of Alcazar, as long before as 5th Aug. 1578. Various accounts were printed of Ms supposed survival.

^{page 36 note b} Alexander Montgomery, brother to the writer of this letter.

^{page 36 note c} This Sir George Carew was the second son of Dr. George Carew, Dean of Windsor. He was born in 1557, and, after filling various subordinate offices, was appointed Lord President of Minister at the same crisis of Irish affairs when Lord Mountjoy was made Lord Deputy. In her warrant of appointment, dated 20 January, 1599, Queen Elizabeth speaks of Sir George Carew as “one whom we know, besides his faithfull and diligent endeavours in former service, to be well acquainted with the estate of our Realme, and with the condition and nature of that Province.” Sir George was relieved of his charge on the eve of the Queen's death through the influence of Cecil. In 1605 he was created Baron Carew of Clopton, in the county of Warwick, an estate which he had acquired by marriage with Joyce, daughter and heir of William Clopton of that place; and in 1625 he was promoted to be Earl of Totnes, in the county of Devon. He died at his house in the Savoy in 1629, leaving no children. Allusion is made to the President of Mnnster also in K. Culme's letters, at pages 38 and 41.

^{page 36 note *} The Montgomery Manuscripts, containing accounts of the colonization of the Ardes, in the county of Down, in the reigns of Elizabeth and James, Memoirs of the First, Second, and Third Viscounts Montgomery, &c. &c. Printed from original manuscripts and transcripts of MSS. composed by William Montgomery, esq. second son of Sir James Montgomery (between the years 1698 and 1704). Belfast; printed at the News Letter office, 1830. Part of it had previously appeared in the Belfast News Letter in 1785–6 and 1822. A copy is in the British Museum.

^{page 37 note a} William Fleet was Rector of Selworthy, Somerset, for 48 years. He died 5 Jan. 1617. The epitaph on his monument in Selworthy Church is given in Savage's “History of the Hundred of Carhampton,” p. 187.

^{page 37 note b} He probably refers to the printed tract in quarto published on the occasion of the execution of the Earl of Essex and his adherents, the latter part of which consists of the evidence of the witnesses on the trials for high treason.

^{page 38 note a} The writer of this letter was a merchant of Dublin, of a Devonshire family, uncle by marriage to John Willoughby, who thus indorsed it: “This is my unckles letter and his owne hande.”

^{page 38 note b} For the ill-success of John Willoughby's intervention with Sir George Carew, the Lord President of Munster, see Robart Culme's letter at page 41.

^{page 39 note b} Lord Mountjoye's Letter of 27th December, 1601, the copy of which was inclosed, is printed in Trerelyan Papers, Part II. p. 104.

^{page 39 note b} The treaty between Lord Monntjoy and Don John d&Acquila, dated 2 January, 1601 (1602), is given in Stowe's Chronicle.

^{page 40 note a} “1602. In the month of May, great pressing out of soldiers was made about London, to be sent into the Low Countries.” Stowe's Chronicle, 1631, p. 1608–9. Stowe, however, does not enter into the particulars given in this letter,

^{page 40 note b} A cony, i.e. a, silly fellow; cony-catchers, equivalent to modern ring-droppers, included also petty thieves and other mauvais sujets.

^{page 42 note a} Mr. Trevelyan had been some time employed in rebuilding his house at Nettlecombe, on parts of which are the dates 1599 and 1601.

^{page 43 note a} John Drake was probably son of William Drake, brother to Sir John Drake of Ash, in the parish of Musbury, Devon, ancestor of the mother of the Duke of Marlborough.

^{page 43 note b} Fulke Greville, knighted 7th Elizabeth; held the office of Treasurer of the Navy, which he surrendered in April 1604. He died in 1606, leaving by his wife, a daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmerland, a son Foulke, who in 162

was created Baron Brooke of Beauchamp's Court, Warwickshire, and was ancestor of the present Earl of Warwick

^{page 43 note c} Haggard is a name given to a falcon caught in a wild state. Barberry Falcon is a small race of the Peregrine, still considered by some distinct. Varvels, Vervels, or Hawk-rings, made of gold, silver, or copper, on which the owner's name, mottoes, or crests might be engraved, as in the above instance; they were attached to the free end of the jesses, or short leather straps, which were looped round the hawk's leg and used for holding the bird on the fist. Several of them were shown at a meeting of the Society of Antiquaries in June 1869, and they, as well as others, are well described in the Proceedings of the Society, vol. iv. p. 355. The seare, now written “cere,” is the naked skin covering the base of the beak, in which the. nostrils are.

^{page 44 note a} The manor of Seaton, Devonshire, part of the possessions of the abbey of Sherborne, was sold by Henry VIII. in the 38th year of his reign, to John Frye of Gray's Inn. Together with the Rectory of Seaton and Beer it was sold by John Frye (then of Wycrofte), in 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, to John Willoughby, by the marriage of whose heiress, Mary, to George Trevelyan, in 1655, it came to the latter.

^{page 44 note b} “Appointment of Treasurer's offices;” i.e. an appointment in the gift of the Lord Treasurer. See andrew Willoughby's letter to John Willoughby of the following August, page 51.

^{page 45 note a} Of the Starrs there are several memorials in the churches at Seaton and at Beer.

^{page 45 note b} See note^a at page 21.

^{page 46 note a} 25th July

^{page 49 note a} Matthew Sutcliffe, a voluminous controversial writer, Dean of Exeter, founded in 1616 Chelsea College, for “learned divines,” to be employed in controversial writing. See Wood's Athenæ Oxonienses (edition of 1815), vol. ii. p. 258.

^{page 49 note b} Yarty, in Devon, was the residence of William Fry, whose daughter Alice was wife of Philip Steyning, and mother of Mrs. Willoughby and Mrs. Montgomery.

^{page 49 note c} The old Puritan and manufacturing village of Colyton, which is now being outgrown by Seaton.

^{page 51 note a} andrew Willoughby was uncle to John Willoughby, as in his signature, though addressing him under the wider term of “cousin” or kinsman. John Willoughby, Sen. married Grace Spenser, and had two sons, andrew (the writer of this letter) and Richard, who married Agnes Culme; the son of Richard and Agnes was John, to whom this letter was sent.

^{page 52 note a} See the note at page 64.

^{page 53 note a} That is, the gentleman mentioned in line 5 of the letter.

^{page 53 note b} Sir R. Bret was Gentleman Usher to James I.

^{page 55 note a} This letter is much decayed, but the portions of it not now legible can be conjecturally supplied without much difficulty.

^{page 56 note a} According to Stowe (Chron. p. 1417) these persons had been proclaimed to be apprehended some months preceding:—“The 6th of July Anthony Copley was proclaimed to be apprehended, and on the 16th was also made the like proclamation for Sir Griffin Markham, knight, William Watson, priest, and William Clarke, priest, to be apprehended.” He adds, “About that time were apprehended and committed divers persons, namely, Henry Brooke, Lord Cobham; George Brooke, brother to the said Lord Cobham; Thomas, Lord Gray of Wilton; Sir Walter Rawley, knight, and others.” Stowe fixes the execution of George Brooke on the 5th December, at Winchester.

^{page 57 note a} This appears to be a copy of the answer to the preceding letter, and was indorsed thus by the writer: “1603. My owne letter to my Lord of Meathe.”

^{page 59 note a} The Lord Deputy, Sir Arthur Chichester, maternal uncle to the writer.

^{page 61 note a} Where the Blanks are Left the MS. is Decayed.

^{page 61 note b} Farway, near Axminster, Devon.

^{page 61 note c} Sir Thomas Erskine, one of the King's Scottish favourites, appointed in. 1603 Captain of the Guard in the place of Sir Walter Kaleigh. He resigned that office in 1617, and was succeeded by Sir H. Rich, third son of the Earl of Warwick. He was created in 1603 Baron of Dirleton; Viscount Fenton in 1606; made K.G. in 1615; Earl of Kellie in 1619; and died in 1639.

^{page 62 note a} Whitgift. He died 29th Feb. 1604, and Bancroft, his successor, was not translated from London until 9th Oct. seven months after the date of this letter.

^{page 63 note a} By “Young and old Agnes ”the Writer means the Mother and Daughter of John. Willoughby.

^{page 64 note a} Sir John Roper of Eltham, Kent, afterwards Lord Teynham, held the valuable office of Custos Brevium, the reversion of which was given on the 27th Aug. 1616 to Sir George Villiers, afterwards Duke of Buckingham. See the letter of G. Montgomery, p. 52.

^{page 65 note a} Margaret, wife of John Willoughby, daughter of Philip Stayninge.

^{page 65 note b} Agnes, daughter of John Willonghby, afterwards wife of Amyas Bamfield.

^{page 65 note c} Durham Gate was the entrance to the palace of the Bishop of Durham, which stood on part of the ground now occupied by the Adelphi. At this date Durham House had fallen much out of repair, and was in the disputed possession of Sir Walter Raleigh. See “The Egerton Papers” (1840) p. 378, &c.

^{page 65 note d} The Writer of this letter was son to Robert Drake of Wiscombe Park, Southleigh, Devon, who was brother to Sir Bernard Drake, knt. of Ash, Musbury.

^{page 66 note a} Philip Willoughby, who Served in Flanders.

^{page 66 note b} This brother was Robert Drake, a Colonel in the Low Countries.

^{page 66 note c} Ostend Surrendered to Spinola on 15 Sept. following, after a siege of three years.The “frame” was a “platform ” of timber, on which cannon were mounted; it is described in Monmouth's Translation of Bentivoglio's History of the War in Flanders (1678), p. 350.

^{page 67 note a} Dr. William Cotton, who had been canon-residentiary of St. Paul's, and who became Bishop of Exeter in 1598, and died in 1621.

^{page 67 note b} Richard Bancroft, who was elevated to Canterbury about six months after the date of this letter, viz. Oct. 9, 1604. He was succeeded in the see of London not by Cotton, but by Richard Vaughan, translated from Chester.

^{page 67 note c} Tobie Mathews was at this date Bishop of Durham, having succeeded Hutton, who had been translated to York from Durham in 1594, and who, dying in 1606, was succeeded in that archbishopric by Tobie Mathews.

^{page 69 note a} Virg. Ecl. VII. 26. Who was the Codrus who the Bishop charitably hoped would burst with envy ?

^{page 69 note b} Charles Steynings of Holnicot, brother to Mrs. Willoughby and to Mrs. Montgomery. See before, p. 54.

^{page 70 note a} Gittisham near Honiton.

^{page 70 note b} Sir George Cary, the Lord Deputy of Ireland: see the note in p. 21.

^{page 70 note c} The cause of his hindrance, “his letter,” lette, let, or hindrance. Richardson in his English Dictionary gives examples of this word from Piers Plouhman and Chaucer.

^{page 70 note d} The sword, as Lord Deputy of Ireland; Sir A. Chichester was appointed L.D. by Privy-seal, dated at Hampton Court, October 15th, 1604, and was sworn at Dublin, the following February 3rd, 1604–5.

^{page 70 note e} i.e. Sir George Cary.

^{page 71 note a} Sir George Cary: the letter inclosed was the preceding one of Nicholas Squyer; the name John was apparently an accidental slip of the pen

^{page 71 note b} Mr. Dean was George Montgomery, Dean of Norwich, afterwards Bishop of Derry and Meath. See his letter of May 11th, 1603.

^{page 71 note c} Sir Thomas Fleming, who had been made Solicitor-General in 1594, and was made Chief Baron of the Exchequer October 28th, 1604.

^{page 71 note d} Serjeant Doddridge succeeded Sir Thomas Fleming as Solicitor-General 28th October.

^{page 71 note e} Sir John Hele, Recorder of Exeter 1593, Queen's Serjeant 1602; knighted 1603, died 1608. He was of Wembury, Devon, which he bought in 1592, and where he built a splendid mansion; and was brother of Sir Thomas Hele of Fleet, for whom see p. 197.

^{page 71 note f} Sir Edward Denny, created Lord Denny, and in 2nd year of Charles I. Earl of Norwich.

^{page 72 note a} Created 20th August, 1604.

^{page 72 note b} Combe, in the parish of Gittisham, near Honiton, was the residence of the family of Beaumont.

^{page 73 note a} On this form.of spelling see Note ^a, p. 208.

^{page 73 note b} Sir A. Chichester had been appointed Governor of the Garrison of Carrickfergus by Privy-Seal, dated at Hampton Court, August 8th, and by Patent at Dublin, Nov. 5th, 1603, and by a new Patent dated May 9th, 1604. The same office had been held by his younger brother John in 1597, in which year he was slain by The Macdonnell, afterwards Earl of Antrim, and was buried in St. Nicholas church, Carrickfergus. See History of the Family of Chichester, 1871, p, 53.

^{page 74 note a} Lettice, daughter of Sir John Perrott, Kt., Lord Deputy of Ireland 1584–8, married to Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy in 1604–13, and again in 1614, in which year he was created Baron of Belfast. See note, p. 26, in which is also shown the connection of the writer of this letter with Sir A. Chichester.

^{page 75 note a} John Trevelyan, the great-grandfather of the writer of this letter, married Maud Hyll of Spaxton: Richard Hyll, also mentioned in the preceding letter, was no doubt one of the same family, then resident at Nettlecombe. See the Pedigree of Hill in Collect. Topogr. et Geneal. i. 409.

^{page 76 note a} The words “one sord and dager well hacte with sylver,” afford a useful note on Shakespeare's “Troilus and Cressida, act i. scene 3,” where Ulysses speaks of the “venerable Nestor, hatch'd in silver.” “Hatched,” in the letter spelt hacte, meant engraved, inlaid or ornamented. J. P. C.

^{page 76 note b} A bolt of cloth contains 28 ells.

^{page 76 note c} This is a curious and amusing inventory of the requirements of a gentleman and a soldier at the date when the letter was written. No price is given, but that of the “feere cloke,” which seems considerable at the then value of money. J. P. C.

^{page 77 note a} Whear, Degorie, from Cornwall, entered Oxford in 1592, took degree of M.A. 1600. Eellow of Exeter coll. 1602. He was appointed by Camden the first reader in the Professorship of Ancient History which he founded in 1622. He was author of various historical and political works, enumerated in Wood's Athenæ Oxon., and died in 1647.

^{page 77 note b} Carpenter, Richard, also a native of Cornwall; entered Exeter college, Oxford, 1592, and in 1596 was elected Fellow: about the year 1611 he was made rector of Sherwell and of Luxhore, near Barnstaple, Devon. He was D.D. in 1616. He married Susanna, daughter of John and Urith (Chichester) Trevelyan, and sister of the writer of this letter, and died in 1627. He was a learned and profound theologian and an excellent preacher, and published various sermons, enumerated in Wood's Athenas Oxon.

^{page 77 note c} Chichester, Sir Robert, nephew of Urith Trevelyan, who was sister to Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland. One of his seats was in the parish of Sherwell, for which living Mr. Carpenter was perhaps at this time a candidate.

^{page 78 note a} Christopher was the fourth son of John and Urith Trevelyan, and was born in 1583; he was sent to Exeter coll. Oxon., took orders and afterwards held the family rectory of Mawgan, near Helston, in Cornwall. In 1614 he married Agnes, the daughter of Robert Boteler of Old Cleve, Somerset; and on 23d August of the same year Bishop Cotton licensed him for two years absence until his parsonage at Mawgan be rebuilt.

^{page 78 note b} This letter commences with some unimportant and merely family matter, respecting the non-payment of a sum of money which the writer had borrowed of her brother.

^{page 78 note c} This sister was Margaret Steynings, married to John Willoughby, to whom the letter was addressed. Nielays i.e. Nicholas, mentioned above, was in all probability nephew, and andrew uncle, to John Willoughby.

^{page 79 note a} Chedsey or Chedzoy, in Somersetshire, a rectory given by Queen Elizabeth to George Montgomery (husband of the writer); she also conferred upon him the deanery of Norwich. Susan, daughter of Philip Steynings of Holnicott, Somerset, was married to George Montgomery in 1597; she mentions the three Irish bishopricks bestowed upon him by James I. in 1605, but did not live to enjoy her husband's preferment after 1614. See note ^a, p. 35.

^{page 81 note a} William Paddy or Paddie, Kt. M.D. of St. John's College, Physician to King James I. was with him at the time of his death, of which he wrote an account, printed in Bliss's Edition of Wood's Fasti Oxonienses, vol. i. p. 256. Paddy died in 1634, and his epitaph is given at p. 287 of the same vol.

^{page 81 note b} This note of the Disputations held before King James I. on his visit to Oxford in August 1605, was inclosed in the preceding letter of Christopher Trevelyan to his father. The relation at large of the King's entertainment in the university on this occasion will be found in Nichols's Progresses, &c. of King James I. vol. i. pp. 530–562.

^{page 82 note a} i. e. of Ireland.

^{page 84 note a} Arles (Latin, Arra, Arrha; French, Arrhes; Gaelic, larlus.) Earnest money, given to servants or others on making, or confirming, a bargain, a custom which is not uncommon in the northern counties and on the continent.

^{page 84 note b} The curious mixture of Arabic and Roman numerals will be observed in the above account.

^{page 85 note a} This letter from London, and that which follows it from Oxford, probably relate to the Rectory of Mawgan, to which Christopher Trevelyan ultimately succeeded after the death of Mr. Fletcher, the previous incumbent. Sir Richard Hill, mentioned afterwards, was so entitled merely in consequence of his clerical character, it being very usual at that period to give the nominal rank of knighthood to clergymen. He was, in all likelyhood, Rector of Nettlecombe at the time.

^{page 87 note a} This letter seems to hare reference to a previous one written by George Trevelyan to his father, dated 18th April, 1605, (p. 73,) but it is to be borne in mind that Jan. 1605 was, in fact, Jan. 1606, so that it was written eight months after the former. It would seem that it was carried by George Trevelyan to his father, in order that some arrangement might be made as to the disposal of a certain sum to be furnished by the father to the son, who was especially under the protection of his uncle Sir Arthur Chichester, then Lord Deputy in Ireland.

^{page 87 note b} The day of the month is left blank in the original letter.

^{page 88 note a} Beaumont of Gittisham, Devon, before mentioned.

^{page 89 note a} See note † p. 35.

^{page 89 note b} i.e. at Charles Steyning's, the brother of Mrs. Montgomery.

^{page 89 note c} Or Culme, as the name was more usually spelt. He resided at Canonsleigh, Devonshire; and his brother Benjamin subsequently became Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin.

^{page 90 note a} Respecting Richard Cole of Slade and Bucks, near Clovelly, see Westcote's Devonshire Families, p. 519.

^{page 90 note b} Massereenc is a village in Antrim, where there was a priory founded in 1426 by one of the O'Nial family; it w.as granted in 1621 to Sir Arthur Chichester by James I. In July 1567 Queen Elizabeth, in a letter to the Lord Deputy (Sidney), ordered a fort to be erected at “ Massareen,” and it was doubtless of this fort that George Trevelyan was expecting to get the wardship in 1606,

^{page 91 note b} This “pretended” journey was not-a feigned expedition, but the word is here to be taken, as in many of our best authors of that time, in the sense of intended ox projected.

^{page 94 note a} Probably the daughter and only child of the writer and of George Montgomery, who afterwards married the Baron of Howth.

^{page 96 note b} His “kynd cozen B. B.” was doubtless Beaumont, mentioned in some previous letters, as well as further on in the present communication, at whose residence, Combe or Coomb House, in the parish of Gittisham (variously spelt in these letters Guydesham, Gidsham, Gittsome, Guidesham, or Gittsham) near Honiton, Mr. Willoughby seems to have been a frequent visitor. The estate of Combe, with the manor of Gittesham, was sold by Sir H. Beaumont to the family of Putt in 1615,

^{page 97 note a} Again perhaps referring to the intended succession of the writer to the Eectory of Mawgan, Cornwall.

^{page 97 note b} Bicknoller, a village near Nettleeombe.

^{page 98 note a} Bartholomew, son of Thomas Trevelyan of Yarnscomb, Devon, who was the second son, by Avice Cockworthy, of John, the great-grandfather of the person to whom this letter is addressed.

^{page 98 note b} In the usual authorities it is stated that Sir Arthur Chichester had no issue by his wife; and it is probable that the son here mentioned died in its infancy.

^{page 99 note a} William, brother of John Willoughby.

^{page 100 note a} Peggy, Margaret, the writer's sister, daughter of Philip Stayninge and wife of John Willoughby.

^{page 100 note b} Probably Parker of Exeter.

^{page 101 note a} See a previons letter of 21^st August, 1606.

^{page 101 note b} This is the only date given in the letter, but Mr. Willoughby's cotemporary endorsement adds the year 1606.

^{page 101 note c} Nicholas Willoughby died in 1648, and his widow, Elizabeth Mallacke, married Hugh, brother of Bishop Montgomerye, who took the name of Willoughby. She died in 1703.

^{page 102 note a} Richard Culme of Canonsleigh, Devon, eldest brother of Benjamin Culme, created Dean of St. Patrick's in 1619.

^{page 102 note b} The writer of this letter was son of Richard and Agnes Willoughby. It is dated from Dublin, but without day, month, or year; but an indorsement shows that it was received at Gittesham in Oct. 1606.

^{page 103 note a} Bishop Montgomery and his wife.

^{page 104 note a} Daughter of Sir John, elder brother of Sir Arthur Chichester.

^{page 104 note b} Probably wife to Sir John Acland, of Columb John, Devon.

^{page 105 note a} Philip and William Willoughby were both in the establishment of Bishop Montgomery, but it does not appear in what capacity. Philip also served in Flanders.

^{page 105 note b} i. e. strong water, a sample of Irish whiskey.

^{page 105 note c} Alexander Steyning, the brother of Mrs. Montgomery.

^{page 105 note d} Nicholas Willoughby, from whom see a previous letter of October 1606.

^{page 106 note a} The two half-sheets of paper are fastened together with sealing-wax.

^{page 107 note b} This “loving old cosen” was Beaumont of Gittesham.

^{page 108 note a} His cousin Philip was brother to the person to whom this letter was addressed.

^{page 109 note a} This letter was written probably between the years 1595 and 1613, if by “sister in law” the writer meant Margery, widow of Colan Blewett, of Colan, Cornwall, who was the second wife of John Trevelyan, whom she married in the first-mentioned year, and died in 1613. Phenomena similar to that mentioned in the letter are recorded to have happened on several occasions in Cornwall.

^{page 109 note b} A plough is a term used in the Western Counties for a team of horses or cattle, which may include also the plough itself, or the wagon.

^{page 109 note c} The writer no doubt means Sithney near Helston.

^{page 110 note a} “The Mount” is St. Michael's Mount. Madern or Maderen is a parish near Penzance.

^{page 110 note b} This letter serves to correct an error in Wood's Ath. Oxon. edit. Bliss, vol. ii. p. 418, where it is said that Richard Carpenter was made Rector of Sherwell and Loxhore, near Barnstable, about 1611. We here find him in possession of the living in 1609. He must have been born in 1575, as he was 52 at the time of his death in 1627. See note ^b, p. 77.

^{page 112 note a} See note ^b, p. 19.

^{page 113 note a} This letter appears to have been written on the very day before the foundation stone of Wadham College was laid. Nicholas Wadham, who projected the edifice, died before the commencement of the undertaking, and the site was-conveyed to his widow Dorothy, who immediately began to build; but, though the first stone was laid on 31 July, 1610, the royal licence was not obtained until Deer. 1611. Some of her difficulties are mentioned in a letter from her to Lord Chancellor Egerton, dated as late as 28 Jan. 1616–17. See “The Egerton Papers” (published by this Society in 1840), p. 485.

^{page 116 note a} Sir Richard Wingfield, who was Knight Marshal of Ireland from 1599 to 1616.

^{page 116 note b} The Murrowes, a district of the county of Wexford, part of which, amounting to 1000 acres, was granted by privy seals, dated 1st Aug. 1613 and 19 March, 1617, to George Trevelyan, Esq. (Knt.) and created the Manor of Sampton, with power to create tenures, to hold courts, &c. George Trevelyan, Esq. and Sir John Blennerhasset were the first Members for Belfast after the charter of James I. in 1613.

^{page 116 note c} Francis Bassett was probably brother of Sir Arthur Bassett (second son of Sir Arthur Bassett of Umberleigh, Devon) of Belfast, Knt: he was nephew to Sir A. Chichester, his mother being Eleanor Chichester, sister of the Lord Deputy.

^{page 121 note a} The above narrative, which is endorsed “ A note of the most materiall services I have don, &c.” is in the British Museum (Cotton. Titus, C. VII. fol. 55.) The statement at the commencement, that he came into the Government in Febry. 1604, and had been L. Deputy “ now full nine years and three months,” would show that it was drawn up about May 1613.

^{page 123 note a} Windom, Sir John Wyndham of Orchard Wyndham near Nettlecombe.

^{page 123 note b} The spelling in this letter is so abnormal, that one may presume that “ coinger ” was written for coigne, a corner or nook, as “coigne of vantage,” in Shakespeare Macbeth, act i. sc. 6.

^{page 123 note c} The printed proclamation inclosed, is “By the Lord Deputie, Arthure Chichester,” proroguing the meeting of the Parliament of Ireland till the 5th Oct: it is dated 7th July [1613]. In a note at the foot of the Broadside, George Trevelyan has written, “But now it is proroged to the 3d of November, and whether it will stand for that day, it is to be dowted. Vale.”

^{page 123 note d} Sir Humphrey Winch was made one of the Puisne Judges of the Common Pleas in 1611: in 1616 he and Sergeant Crewe were in disgrace for hanging supposed witches at Leicester. James I. while there, discovered the imposture of the boy for whose bewitching the punishment of death had been inflicted. See the Calendar of State Papers, 1611 and 1618, p. 398.

^{page 124 note a} Sir Charles Cornwallis had been Treasurer to Prince Henry. The Lord Treasurer to whom Calyert “ Calvord ” had been Secretary, was Robert Earl of Salisbury.

^{page 125 note a} “Brother and sister Butler,” Robert Butler of Old Cleve, Somerset, and his wife Mary, sister of George Trevelyan.

^{page 126 note a} There is an evident mistake in the date of this hurried postscript, which ought to be 9 Feb. 1613–14 and not 1603–4. The loss the writer laments was that of his step-mother Margery, the second wife of John Trevelyan, his first wife Urith having died as long since as 1591: the second wife, Margery, died in 1613; and it is to be further observed that after this letter George Trevelyan never desires to be remembered to her, which he had generally done in preceding letters to his father.

^{page 126 note b} Margery, second wife of John Trevelyan, widow of Colan Blewett of Colan Blewett, Cornwall, a younger branch of the Bluets of Holcomb Rogers.

^{page 126 note c} Richard Bluet of Holcomb Rogers, married Mary, sister of Sir Arthur Chichester, and of Urith, first wife of John Trevelyan.

^{page 127 note a} He was of course uncle to the younger members of the family, to whom this letter seems particularly addressed, as they had written to Sir Arthur with the news of the death of Mrs. Trevelyan.

^{page 127 note b} Sir Dudley Carleton was informed of this event by his correspondent Chamberlaine, who spoke of “four Irish knights imprisoned for a malapert petition:” his letter is dated three days after the present, 12 May. See the “ Calendar of State Papers ” of this period, p. 234.

^{page 128 note b} The Lord Chancellor at this date was Lord Ellesmere, who had been applied to by the Lord Deputy on behalf of his sister Mrs. Bluet, while George Trevelyan undertook to acquaint the Master of the Rolls with the whole proceeding. Sir Arthur Chichester was at this time contemplating his departure from London.

^{page 130 note a} This paper is indorsed “Warrante for a lyghte horse.” The enumeration of the necessary arms and furniture for man and steed is curious. Nares in his Glossary tells us that a “snaphaunce ”means “a spring-lock to a gun or pistol,” and that “firelock” became its synonyme; but, according to this letter, they were not the same, but a firelock was a weapon superior to a “snap-haunce.” It is not now easy to state where they differed. J.P.C.

^{page 130 note b} “ Curate.” A curet, breastplate. (Thomasii Dictionarium. Londini, 1615.) But at a later period, according to a Surrey of the Armory in the Tower, made in 1660 (Archæologia, xi. 97), a curate was a suit of armour, as enumerated under “Corshetts and Curates, with their furniture: viz. Curate breasts, backes,” &c. Perhaps cuirass may be another form of the same word; it does not oecur in Thomasius.

^{page 130 note c} “ Vanbrace ”or vambrace, from the French avant-bras, armour for protection of the arms.

^{page 130 note d} “Cusses,” cuisses, armour for the thighs.

^{page 130 note e} “Snaphance”(from the German schnap-hahn, literally snap-cock) and “fierlocke” of this letter apply to the fittings of the “French pistoll.”

^{page 130 note f} Probably Nutwell Court near Exeter, the seat of the Drakes.

^{page 131 note a} Mary, wife to Robert Butler of Old Cleve, before mentioned.

^{page 131 note b} See a previous letter of June 7, 1614, p. 128.

^{page 131 note c} Sir John Borcher, Bourchier, whose name often occurs in the Calendar of State Papers of the time.

^{page 131 note d} Sir Garratt Moore was made a Baron of Ireland in 1616.

^{page 131 note e} Capt. Faithful Fortescue, who was afterwards killed in Ireland. He was the son of John Fortescue of Buckland-Filleigh, Devon, and his second wife, Susan, was sister to the Lord Deputy.

^{page 132 note a} Francis Pollard, son of Sir Hugh Pollard, of King's-Nymet, Devon, Kut., and of his wife Dorothy, sister to the Lord Deputy.

^{page 132 note b} “ Taking in” was the then ordinary phrase for capturing. Shakespeare uses the expression repeatedly. J.P.C.

^{page 132 note c} Sir Oliver Lambert died Feb. 28, 1618, [before his patent as Baron Lambert Q Cavan reached him. Calendar of State Papers.

^{page 132 note d} Eulalia Trevelyan, sister to the writer, was wife of John Kempthorne.

^{page 133 note a} A cony, a slang term for a silly fellow; a cony-catcher, a low swindler, such as the ring-droppers, &c. of the former and present times. It appears from the letter of Josyas Saunders, p. 136, that the writer's fears about the messenger, “whose name Borrowes, not known to myself,” were not groundless.

Sir John Wyndham, of Orchard Wyndham, married Joan, daughter of Sir Hugh Portman, Bart.

^{page 134 note a} This letter from Bishop Montgomery announcing the death of his wife, shows the falsehood of the news from Ireland, recorded in the “Diary of Walter Yonge,” p. 16, under date of May 6, 1608, that Bishop Montgomery's wife, with some hundreds of other persons, had been slain by the Irish in Londonderry. It shows at the same time that much dependence must not be put on contemporary writers, except with regard to facts which have happened within their own knowledge.

^{page 136 note a} Mrs. Lange was Mrs. Willmett Long of George Trevelyan's letter of 25^th Nov. p. 133.

^{page 138 note a} See note ^b, p. 77, where Carpenter is stated to have been made D.D. in 1616, to which should have been added O.S., as he was created Feb. 10, 1617, N.S.

^{page 139 note a} One of the same family, Foolkes Downe, has been mentioned before, p. 133.

^{page 140 note a} Lat. prsestò; Fr. prêt; Chaucer, prest, ready.

^{page 140 note b} Marshall d'Ancre was assassinated in April 1617.

^{page 140 note c} The Lord Willoughby was William, third Baron, grandson of the last Lord Charles, who died in 1603. See the Calendar of State Papers, 1611–18, p. 448. Lord Gerard of Bromley had been created in 1603, and had bought the Presidency of Wales of Lord Eure. In Nicolas' Synopsis his death is fixed in 1618, but from this letter it is evident that it had occurred before Oct. 1617. See Cal. State Papers, 1611–18, p. 375.

^{page 140 note d} William Lord Compton sat by that title from 1593 to 1614, and was created Earl of Northampton in 1618. He succeeded Lord Gerard as President of Wales.

^{page 140 note e} George Villiers, who had been created Earl of Buckingham on the 5th Jan. preceding the date of this letter: he had been created Baron Villiers in 1616 and made Master of the Horse. He became Lord High Admiral in Jan. 1618–19.

^{page 141 note a} Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, afterwards Lord Chamberlain, and brother to William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke.

^{page 141 note b} All the particulars relating to the quarrels between Sir Edw. Coke and Lady Hatton, his wife, may be seen in Lord Campbell's “Lives of the Chief Justices,” I. chapter ix. The great ground of difference was the marriage of their daughter, Sir Edw. Coke being for Sir John Villiers, brother of the Duke of Buckingbam, and Lady Hatton in favour of the Earl of Oxford. It is well known that the former, with the King's intervention, was successful. For various letters and documents see the “Calendar of State Papers,” 1611–18. p. 482. The reference in the letter here printed, to Coke sitting in the Star Chamber, and at the Privy Council, relates to the disgrace of the ex-Chief Justice, which had previously excluded him from those tribunals.

^{page 141 note c} James Montague, who in 1616 had been translated from Bath and Wells.

^{page 142 note a} Elcanah Trevelyan died in 1611.

^{page 143 note a} Orchard Wyndham near Nettlecomb, the seat of the "Wyndhams, ancestors of the Earls of Egremont.

^{page 145 note a} George Trevelyan, 2nd son of John Trevelyan and Urith Chichester, married in 1620 Mary, daughter of Robert Gage of Raunds, co. Northampton (widow of John Rowley of Castle Roe, Londonderry, by whom she had one son, Edward, and three daughters) ; after the death of George Trevelyan, in the year of his marriage, she married Robert Maclellan, Baron Kircudbright, by whom she had no issue. She died at Castle Roe on 7th Aug. 1639.

^{page 145 note b} “there,” i.e. in England.

^{page 145 note e} “on this side,” i.e. in Ireland.

^{page 148 note a} Now Whitwell, in the parish of Colyton; part of the property bought by J. Willonghby's grandfather of John Frye; in which G. Montgomery appears to have had a life interest, which he wished to dispose of. There is more about it in this letter, which is omitted, as of little interest. The estate was sold by Sir John Trevelyan to Sir John Pole of Shute.

^{page 148 note b} Jane Montgomery, daughter and heiress of the Bishop of Meath, married, in 1615, Nicholas St.Lawrence, Baron of Howth, who died in 1643.

The above extract from the Pedigree of Willoughby, shows the connection of the four families enumerated in the Bishop's letter.

^{page 151 note a} The writer was, perhaps, of the family of Gyll or Giles of Gylstone, of whom William Gylle married Elizabeth, sister to John Trevelyan.

^{page 151 note b} Anthony Benn of the Middle Temple succeeded Sir Thos. Coventry as Recorder of London in March 1616–17, and died in October 1618.

^{page 151 note c} Richard Martin his successor, died about the end of the same month ; he had insured 1,700l. which he had paid for his place, and which was paid to his executors. (See Calendar of State Papers, 1611–18, p. 449 No. 135, p. 584 No. 33, pp. 589, 591, 595 No. 94.)

^{page 151 note d} Perhaps John Bingley, Remembrancer of the Exchequer.

^{page 152 note a} Gervase Lord Clifton, who was sent to the Tower in Dec. 1617 for uttering threatening speeches against the Lord Keeper (Bacon) ; he had given his daughter Catherine in marriage (1611), according to his Majesty's command, to Esme Stuart, Lord Aubigny, brother of the Duke of Lenox, p. 505 No. 83, p. 42 No. 27, 28. Gervase Lord Clifton “killed himself for ennui,” (see Calendar, State Papers, 1611–18, p. 584 No. 33,) and Nov. 18, 1618, a grant was made to Lord Aubigny “of the goods and chattels of Gervase L^d Clifton, felon.”

^{page 152 note b} In the Calendar of State Papers are numerous references to letters and other documents relating to these unseemly family quarrels. It appears that Lady Lake and Anna Lady Roos, her daughter, accused the Countess of Exeter of a conspiracy to poison them and Sir Thomas Lake (under Secretary), from which scandal the Countess “cleared herself nobly.” “The cause between Lady Exeter and Sir Thos. Lake fills 17,000 sheets of paper,” p. 512 No. 13, p. 513 No. 20, p. 524 No. 36, p. 598 No. 4, p. 542 No. 89.

Wm. Lord Roos was son of William Earl of Exeter, by Elizabeth daughter and heir to Edward Manners Earl of Rutland, in whose right he bore the title.

^{page 152 note c} Ralegh was arrested on the day this letter was written, committed to the Tower the following day (10th October), and executed on the 29th.

^{page 152 note d} “Barnarvile,” Barneveldt, whose trial began 19th Nov. 1618, was beheaded on 14th May 1619, and this affords an additional proof to that given in note a, p. 134, of the caution with which the statements of contemporary writers must be received.

^{page 153 note a} This title is from the indorsement of the paper. We are enabled to ascertain its date by the last fact mentioned in it, viz. that the Turkish Ambassador was to have his audience of leave on the next day. Camden, in his Annals of James I. under date of 3rd Nov. 1618, has these words, “The Turkish Ambassador or Chiaux has audience.” Therefore this paper was written on the 2nd Nov. 1618.

^{page 153 note b} He was beheaded on 29th Oct. The next paragraph is curious, since it establishes that the death of Raleigh excited so much surprise, that it was expected that some justification would have been printed and published under authority of the Government. From the fourth paragraph we learn that Lady Raleigh was with her husband the night before his execution. The following verses, if really written by Raleigh, were probably penned on that occasion.

^{page 154 note a} Gustavus Adolphus and Sigismund III.; the latter, however, was not killed in 1618, as then reported, and did not die till 1632. See notes ^a, p. 134, and ^d, p. 152.

^{page 154 note b} Sir John Digby, knt. was created Lord Digby, Baron of Shirborne, on 25th Nov. 1618; he had been several times Ambassador to Spain, and was sent there again in 1622, in September of which year he was created Earl of Bristol. Stowe's Annals.

^{page 155 note a} Many copies of these verses are extant, some of them having been printed before the breaking out of the Civil Wars. There are several versions in the State Paper Office, but none of them so early as the date of this document, which renders it extremely probable that Sir Walter wrote them as an answer to some who charged him with atheism.

^{page 156 note a} Castle Roe, as we have already seen, came to Sir George Trevelyan by his wife Mary widow of John Rowley of Castle Roe.

^{page 161 note a} Tympanitis, tympany, drum-belly. In the Familiar Letters of James Howell, vol. i. Part 3, Let. xxvi. he speaks nearly in the same words of Queen Mary, wife of Philip: “It being thought she was with child of him [Philip], tho' it proved afterward but a Tympany.”

^{page 161 note b} It appears from Westcote's View of Devonshire, p. 626, that John Fortescue of Buckland Filleigh, in that county, married Susannah, sister to Sir Arthur Chichester, by whom he had two sons, John and Faithful, both of whom were killed in Ireland : the last, of course, is the “nephew” here mentioned.

^{page 162 note a} See the letter of George Trevelyan, p. 142.

^{page 163 note a} “A tent,” a roll of lint put into a wound.

^{page 163 note b} Sir E. Coke, “his Lordship's old antagonist,” was one of the Committee appointed by the House of Commons, of which he was a member, on the 15th March, 1621, to prepare the charge against the Lord Chancellor. Biographia Britannica.

^{page 163 note c} “Measled,” diseased. A term well known to cooks and butchers, in connection with bacon and pork.

^{page 164 note a} Nathaniel Holbach married Elizabeth sister of the writer of this letter.

^{page 164 note b} Amyas Trevelyan, mentioned in former letters.

^{page 165 note a} A Bugle Bull, i.e. a Buffalo Bull.—Bubalus, a buffalo or wild ox ; a buffle or bugle.—Ainsworth.

^{page 165 note b} This letter has no signature, the writer, evidently known to Mr. Willoughby, not perhaps venturing to put his name to some of the strong language in it.

^{page 166 note a} Francis afterwards Lord Cottington. He had been agent in Spain, and was subsequently ambassador there.

^{page 166 note b} Four or five words are illegible from decay of the paper.

Joanna Trevelyan (daughter of John and Urith Trevelyan) married first John Mallacke of Axmouth, and second Robert Pollard of Kilve. Her sister Elizabeth married Nathaniel Holbache, of Whitchurch, Somerset.

^{page 170 note a} Robert Steynings, to whom this letter is addressed, was brother of Susan the wife of Bishop Montgomery, and of Margaret wife of John Willoughby, whose mother Agnes was sister to Nicholas Culme.

^{page 170 note b} The Calendar of State Papers, March 7, 1626, three days before the date of this letter, contains the following : “The Earl of Arundel committed to the Tower for a match between his Son and the Duchess of Lennox's Daughter, whom the King intended for the Earl of Argyle's Son.”

^{page 170 note c} William Handcock (son of Edward Handcock of Court Martin, Devon, and of Dorothy, daughter of Sir Amias Bampfield of Poltimore,) married a daughter of Gabriel Newman of London, goldsmith, whose mother, Anne, was daughter of Nicholas Culme ; and after her first husband's death was married to Sir John Doddridge, Knt., one of the puisne Judges of the Court of King's Bench, who died in 1628.

^{page 171 note a} your.

^{page 171 note b} playne.

^{page 171 note c} if ill there be.

^{page 172 note a} George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, was assassinated 23rd August, 1628. Another copy of these and the following verses, with slight variations, has been published in the Diary of John Rous, (Camden Society, 1856,) p. 29.

^{page 173 note a} John Willoughby, the writer of this and following letters, was the last male heir in the direct line, of this branch of the Willoughbys. He was son of John Willoughby and Margaret Steynings, and was born in 1611 ; in 1632 he married Elizabeth daughter of John Bampfield of Poltimore. He succeeded his father in 1658, and was father of Mary (his only child), who in 1655 married George Trevelyan of Nettlecombe, who, on the death of her father, succeeded to the Willoughby property in Devon. For a pedigree of the Willoughby family, see Tuckett's Devonshire Pedigrees, pp. 70, 71.

^{page 174 note a} “Tooken,” token, of affection or regard.

^{page 176 note a} “Chareful,” perhaps from chary, and meaning more than “careful,” which word occurs towards the end of the letter, in its usual acceptation.

^{page 176 note b} Quinto die Septemb. 1630. ℞ by me John Bartlett of Cottley, in the county of Devon, carryer, of John Willoughby of Peyhembury, in the county of Devon, Esq., the full sum of eight pounds lawful English money, to be repaid unto Mr. John Willoughby in Wadham College in Oxford, within ten days next following, and for the true payment hereof I bind myself and my executors firmly by these presents

^{page 177 note a} Agnes, a sister of John Willoughby, married in 1628 Amyas Bampfield.

^{page 177 note b} Bridget, another sister, in 1639 married John Turberville.

^{page 178 note a} “Decrements,” certain college fees.

^{page 178 note b} The mercer's bill inclosed amounts to £1 11s. 5d.

^{page 180 note a} “Leaguer,” the lines or camp of the besiegers.

^{page 180 note b} “Lumber,” lombar, lombard, a bank for usury or pawns; lombar-house, a pawnshop.

^{page 181 note a} “Lukeland,” LUYCK-Land, the Bishoprick of Liege, or Luik.

^{page 182 note a} John German or Jerman, was witness to the carrier John Bartlett's receipt, given at foot of p. 177; he was no doubt a neighbour of Mr. Willoughby's.

^{page 182 note b} Boroughbridge, a village near Bridgwater, Somerset.

^{page 183 note a} Robert Earl of Vere was killed at the siege of Maestricht.

^{page 183 note b} Broad Clyst, Devonshire, a parish of which the writer's father was Vicar.

^{page 185 note a} For further particulars concerning the £4 paid to Mr. Nevill, see previous letter of Ames Steynings of July 10, 1631, and the acquittances following it.

^{page 186 note a} Francis, eldest son of Sir William Courtney, knight.

^{page 186 note b} Probably Edmund Walrond of Bovey, in the parish of Seaton, to whom there is a monument in Seaton church, with a quaint inscription by his widow, a daughter of Sir William Pole of Colcombe, recording his burial, on September 10th, 1640, aged 48.—Rogers's Wanderings in Devon, 1869, p. 19.

^{page 187 note a} See, regarding this property, subsequent letters of William Hartwell, 13th July, 1663, and Thomas Rogers, 3rd July, 1669, pp. 291 and 299.

^{page 187 note b} Robert Maclellan, Baron of Kirkcudbright.

^{page 188 note a} Edward was brother of Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy ; see a previous letter of his, in p. 9.

^{page 188 note b} “Tarcell,” Tercel, Tiercel ; the male Peregrine Falcon, which were brought “over” from Ireland ; they are said to have been so called, as being one-third the size of the female.

^{page 188 note c} “lure,” a device or decoy for calling back a hawk. A “mew” is the coop or cage in which hawks were kept when mewing or moulting. The King's mews, or the stables where the several mews, mues, or coops were kept.

^{page 189 note a} John Davy of Creedy, Devonshire, the writer of this letter, was son of John Davy (mayor of Exeter in 1584—94—1604) and Margaret, daughter of George Southcot of Calverleigh, or Calwoodleigh, Devon, sister of Robert Southcot, his uncle above mentioned. John Willoughby in 1634 married Mary, sister of this John Davy, for his second wife.

^{page 191 note a} The family of Chase owned the manor of Columb Pyne in the parish of Cleyhidon, of which John Gill was a constable ; the name has appeared before, p. 39. A family of the name of Gill afterwards possessed the property.

^{page 191 note b} Membery, now Membury, Combpyne and Cleyhidon are all near Axminster, Devon.

^{page 192 note a} A few lines follow here about law matters of no interest ; see note ^c, p. 198.

^{page 192 note b} The battle of Newburn, a few miles above Newcastle, was fought on the 28th August, and then perhaps Sir John Suckling's coach was taken by General Lesley, who entered Newcastle the next day. Sir John Suckling died in 1641. This letter must have been written early in September, 1640.

^{page 193 note a} John Turberville, the writer of this and several of the following letters, married in 1639 Bridget, daughter of John Willoughby and Margaret Steynings.

^{page 194 note a} The Scots entered Durham on 30th of August, 1640.

^{page 194 note b} The Earl of Strafford, appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland July 25, 1633, but advanced to the title of Lord Lieutenant on the 18th March before the date of this letter.

^{page 195 note a} The Earl of Strafford.

^{page 195 note b} Several lines of no interest, on law business, are here omitted.

^{page 196 note a} Sir John Finch, knight, created Lord Finch 1640.

^{page 196 note b} Nicholas Putt, Esq., of Combe, in Gittisham, an estate purchased of the Beaumont family in 1615.

^{page 196 note c} Alexander Leighton, M.D. (father of the Archbishop of Glasgow) so punished for writing “Sion's plea against Prelacy,” 1628. He now, with Prynne, Burton, and Bastwick, and others sentenced for similar offences by the Star Chamber and High Commission, petitioned for and obtained redress from the Parliament.

^{page 196 note d} Sir Francis Windebank and Sir Henry Vane were the two Secretaries of State. Windebank, who fled to France, appears to have been charged with illegally releasing Papist prisoners.

^{page 196 note e} The Earl of Strafford: see p. 194.

^{page 197 note a} In getting Mr. Willoughby excused from serving as Sheriff ; see previous letter.

^{page 197 note b} Sir Thomas Hele of Fleet, in the parish of Holbeton, Devon, created Baronet in 1627, had been High Sheriff in 1636. The baronetcy became extinct by the death of the fourth Baronet, Sir Henry, in 1677.—Lysons' Devonshire.

^{page 197 note c} The Earl of Strafford: see p. 194.

^{page 198 note a} Peter Corriton (Coryton), Esq., Member for Dunchevit, Cornwall.

^{page 198 note b} Peter Sainthill, Esq., Member for Tiverton, Devon, whose monument is in Bradninch church, on which it is stated, that having served King Charles in honorable charges, civil and military, he withdrew to the continent in 1646 and died in 1648.

^{page 198 note c} Macy and Marker's business, which is the subject of the professional part of several of John Turberville's letters, appears to have been about some Chancery suit, but, being now of no interest, the passages regarding it are omitted.

^{page 200 note a} Laud, Stafford, and Finch.

^{page 200 note b} Windebank.

^{page 201 note a} Sir Ed. Littleton, Knt.

^{page 202 note a} Christopher Potter, D.D. Provost of Queen's Col. Oxford, 1626. “In the year 1640 he executed the office of Vice-Chancellor of this University, not without some trouble from the members of the Long Parliament, occasion'd by the puritanical and factious party of the Univ. and city of Oxon.” Wood's Athense.

^{page 202 note b} Peter Heylin, D.D. 1633, “on Ap. 10, 1640, was chosen clerk of the Convocation for Westminster, and soon after brought into great trouble by his old enemy Williams, bish. of Lincoln, W. Prynne, and certain of his parishioners of Ailresford, (Hampshire.) By the first, because Heylin had been a favourite of Laud, and had continual contentions with him in the Coll. of Westminster, about various matters relating to religion and the government of that College. By the second, because he had furnished the Lords of the Council with matter out of his Histrio-mastix, to proceed against him in order to the losing of his cars, &c. ; and by the last, because he had translated the Communion table from the middle to the upper end of the chancel of the church of Ailresford, and brought in there certain ornaments to be used in the celebration of Divine service.”

Heylin was a voluminous writer of historical, geographical, and controversial works. That mentioned in this letter was “A Coal from the Altar ; or, an Answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's letter to the Vicar of Grantham,” 1636 : one of several controversial publications apparently on the place of the Communion table.—Wood's Athenæ.

^{page 202 note c} For a notice of Alderman Abell, the contractor for a monopoly of sweet wines, see Granger.

^{page 204 note a} Draft from a letter and note-book of John Willoughby, to his brother in-law John Turbervill, who married his sister Bridget in 1639. Turbervill was a lawyer in London, where he transacted legal business for Mr. Willoughby, as may be seen by many of his letters in this collection. John Willoughby was of age in 1632, when he married, and his father died in 1658. This letter must have been written after 1639, but before the death of Charles the 1st in 1648.

^{page 204 note b} “The Prince,” afterwards Charles 2nd. Pepys in his Diary, December 3,1665, writes:

“To Captain Cocke's, and then dined with him and Colonell Wyndham, a worthy gentleman whose wife was nurse to the present King, and one that while she lived, governed him and every thing else, as Cocke says, as a minister of state ; the old King putting mighty weight and trust upon her.”

Mrs. Wyndham, wife of Colonel Edmund, eldest son of Sir Thomas Wyndham, Kt., of Kentsford, Somerset, was Christabella, daughter and, on the death of a brother, heir of Hugh Pyne, Esq. of Cathanger, Somerset. Her husband was an active officer in the King's service, of “unquestionable affection to the cause,” says Clarendon ; he was high-sheriff of the county in 1643, and in the same year was appointed Governor of Bridgwater, when it was taken by the Marquis of Hertford ; he attended Charles II. during his exile ; on the Restoration was made Knight Marshal of England, and died in 1682 ; he was brother of Sir Francis Wyndham of Trent, wellknown for the assistance he gave to Charles II. in his flight after the battle of Worcester in 1651, of whom see a letter in p. 247, and note ^b in p. 248. Clarendon (vol. ii. p. 495, folio edit. 1703) speaks much about the evil influence of Mrs. Wyndham's “folly and petulancy” over the Prince, who had an extraordinary kindness for her, and says that she had many private designs of benefit and advantage to herself and her children, and laboured to procure grants or promises of reversions of lands, from the Prince (of which no doubt the grant which is the subject of this letter is an instance). He adds (influenced perhaps by party feeling) that “being a woman of no good breeding and of a country pride, nihil muliebre præter corpus gerens, she valued herself much upon the power and familiarity which her neighbors might see she had with the Prince,” which made his father anxious to prevent his going to Bridgewater, from whence he visited her in April 1645.

Colonel Edmund Wyndham's grandson Edmund married Mary daughter of Sir George Trevelyan, and died in 1697, being the last of the Kentsford branch of the Wyndham family ; his widow died in 1714.

Probably it was found that the grant to Mr. Wyndham would not hold, as the grant from Henry the 8th (anno 38°) included all the manorial rights, see note ^a. p. 44.

^{page 206 note a} It appears from the indorsements on this and the following letter, that they are signed with feigned names. The first, including both the signatures, is in one handwriting, the second is in a much better hand.

^{page 206 note b} Sir Richard Hutton of Goldsborough, in the parish of Hooton Paynell, near Pateley Bridge, Yorkshire, (where the old hall, “high house,” is still standing,) Knight, Justice of the Common Pleas, “a very venerable Judge and a man famous in his generation,” says Clarendon. He is chiefly known as being one of the two Judges who gave opinions against the Crown on the question of Ship-money. He died 26 February, 1638, and was buried in St. Dunstan's church, London.

^{page 207 note a} “We—of this parish,” meaning probably himself and his companions from the parish of Peyhembury.

^{page 207 note b} The writer no doubt meant “ancient,” a well-known subaltern officer.

^{page 207 note c} The site of the Blackfriars in Exeter was granted after the dissolution, to John Lord Russell, “where,” as Leland says, “he made him a fair place,” afterwards called Bedford house : it was occupied by Charles 1st and his Queen in 1645, and there the Princess Henrietta Maria, afterwards Duchess of Orleans, was born on the 16th of June. The house was taken down 1773, and Bedford Crescent now occupies its site it had long before been divided into tenements.

^{page 209 note a} “oughten” for “often” has occurred before in these letters, the combination “ough” having the same pronunciation as in the word “cough” ; see also “ought” for “oft” p. 73, and in the last stanza of the verses on Lord Bacon, p. 163.

^{page 209 note b} Sir John Stowell or Stawell, K.B.; according to Clarendon, a gentleman of great estate near Taunton, a zealous Royalist, and most obnoxious to the Parliament, was, in 1643, appointed by the Marquis of Hertford Governor of Taunton ; he was in 1648 proceeded against for delinquency, and was heavily fined by the Parliament.

^{page 209 note c} Amias Bampfield married in 1628 Agnes or Ann, d. of John Willoughby.

^{page 210 note d} The Lord Keeper, Littleton.

^{page 212 note a} There were many debates during this month of November, on the Rebellions in Ireland and the massacre of the Protestants there.

^{page 212 note b} There are several ancient tombstones of members of the family of Starr in Seaton church, Devon. The family once owned considerable property in the parish, and their old residence is still standing in Beer, with the initials

on one of the chimneys, and their device, a star with many points, on the other.—Rogers' Wanderings in Devon, p. 12.

^{page 213 note a} John Mallack of Axmouth was connected by marriage with the writer of the previous and following letter.

^{page 214 note a} See Remonstrance of the State of the Kingdom, Rushworth, vol. iv. 425, where also, p. 429, is an account the King's entrance. Whitelock says, that the debate lasted from 3 p.m. till 10 a.m. Clarendon, from 9 a.m. till after midnight.

^{page 215 note a} The writer of this letter was Nicholas, fourth son of Richard Willoughby, and brother of John Willoughby ; he died in 1648: his son Nicholas married Elizabeth daughter of John Mallack of Axmouth, and died without issue: his widow married Hugh Montgomery brother of the Bishop, and their son took the name of Willoughby ; his mother died in 1703.

^{page 216 note a} Kertonn, Crediton, see note ^b, p. 17. Simon Leach of Crediton bought the estate of Cadleigh, about eight miles from that town, about the beginning of the seventeenth century. There is in the parish church a monument to him and his wife Catherine, daughter of Nicholas Turberville of Crediton, and also one to his “eldest son Simon” (1660), and another to his son's wife Bridget, daughter of Sir Beville Grenville.—Lysons' Devonshire. Simon Leach was mayor of Exeter in 1625.

^{page 218 note a} See preceding letter of January 24th, p. 214.

^{page 219 note a} The certificate mentioned above follows this letter.

^{page 219 note b} See note a, p. 216.

^{page 220 note a} Canonleigh, in the parish of Burlescombe, Devon, was bought by Richard Culme's father Hugh, and was the residence of that, the elder, branch of the family, till the death of Richard's son Hugh, in 1658. In a previous letter of George Montgomery (p. 89), he writes of the same Richard as “my cosen Rd. Cullom,” spelling the name nearly the same as a family long settled in Suffolk, said to have descended from the Devonshire stock, and only a few years ago extinct by the death of the eighth baronet, Sir Thomas Cullum of Hawstead and Hardwick. Richard Culme was High Sheriff oil the County in 1641.—See Lysons' Devonshire, cxc. and 90.

^{page 222 note a} Dalton's Officium Vicecomitum ; The Office and Authority of Sheriffs, 1628.

^{page 222 note b} Lombard's Eirenarchia ; or The Office of the Justices of the Peace ; of which many editions appeared in the 17th century.

^{page 222 note c} Crompton's L'Office et Auctorité de Justices de Peace, &c. 1593.

^{page 222 note d} Sir Robert Berkeley, justice of the King's Bench, charged with high treason.

^{page 223 note a} A Remonstrance or Declaration, &c., 26 May 1642. Rushworth, i. 577.

^{page 224 note a} Delivered to the King by Lord Keeper Littleton, 22^d May.

^{page 224 note b} Holnicot and Blackford, both in the parish of Selwortly, Somerset, now Sir Thomas Acland's.

^{page 227 note a} “Byron and the Schollers.” Oxonians, who had accompanied Sir John Byron, “whom his Majesty had sent, in the end of August, to Oxford, to convey some money, which had been secretly brought from London thither, to his Majesty,” and “he came safe with his charge to Worcester” a few hours only before the events narrated in this letter. See Clarendon.

John Byron of Newstead, knighted at the Coronation of Charles I., created Baron in 1643, died in France in 1652.

^{page 229 note a} The Bear Inn at this date, and for many years before and after, was situated near the junction of Bear Lane with South-Gate Street.

^{page 229 note b} Sir Peter Prideaux of Netherton, Baronet, was High Sheriff of Devon in 1662.

^{page 229 note c} Sir John Pole, of Shute, the first Baronet, created 1628.

^{page 229 note d} Samuel Rolle, Knight, of Heanton, descended from a younger son of the Rolles of Steventon, the heiress of which branch married Robert Walpole, second Earl of Orford, in 1724.

^{page 229 note e} Nich. Martyn, Knight, of Oxton and Exeter, and sprung from the family of Martyn of Combmartyn, had been Mayor of Exeter in 1631, and High Sheriff of Devon in 1639; he was father of Susannah the wife of Charles Steynings, the writer of several of the following letters.

^{page 229 note f} John Bampfield of Poltimore, Baronet, 1641, brother of Amias Bampfield, and of Elizabeth wife of John Willoughby.

^{page 230 note a} Sir George Chudleigh, created Baronet in 1622, of Ashton, Devon, an active officer for the Parliament.

^{page 230 note b} Ewe, probably Yeo.

^{page 230 note c} Frye, of Deer Park, in the parish of Buckrell, near Honiton ; a younger branch of Frye of Yarty.

^{page 230 note d} Ruthven, a Scotchman, Governor of Plymouth.

^{page 231 note a} John Mallack of Axmouth, married Susan, daughter of John Willoughby.

^{page 231 note b} Davie, Sir John, of Creedy, Baronet, 1641.

^{page 232 note b} Probably Hugh Wyndham of Wiveliscomb, son of Sir John Wyndham of Orchard. His sister Margaret was wife of John Fraunceis of Combe Flory. Wiveliscomb is within the prescribed five miles from Milverton, Mr. Norris' residence ; Nettlecomb is about ten miles from it.

^{page 233 note a} Fraunceis of Combe Flory, Somerset. His family came from Fraunceis Court, Broad Clyst, Devon, now the property of Sir T. Acland.

^{page 233 note b} John, son of Philip Steynings.

^{page 233 note c} Marlborough, Wilts, taken by the King's forces in December 1642.

^{page 233 note d} John Willoughby and Elizabeth daughter of John Bampfield.

^{page 233 note e} John Mallack and Susan (Willoughby).

^{page 233 note f} William Willoughby.

^{page 233 note g} John Turberville and Bridget (Willoughby).

^{page 233 note h} Plympton St. Maurice near Plymouth. The King had a garrison there about this time.

^{page 234 note a} Thomas Luttrell, of Dunster Castle, who subscribes this pass, was the uncle of the Lady to whom it was granted, and brother of Margaret Luttrell, who, in 1607, married John Trevelyan. Their son, George Trevelyan, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert Strode, of Parnham, Knt. In 1647, she travelled from Nettlecombe to London, in her coach drawn by six oxen (the Parliamentary forces having deprived her of horses), in order to pay at Goldsmiths' Hall the fine of £1,560, for the delinquency of her husband (as shown in extracts from the Journals of the Houses of Parliament at p. 252–3), and on her return homewards she died of the small pox, and was buried at Hounslow, in the west wall of the old Chapel of which town her monument is placed. Below the arms of Trevelyan impaling Strode, is the following inscription :—

“Heere lyeth Mrs. Margaret Trevelyan, y^e Wife of George Trevelyan, of Nettlecombe, in the county of Somerset, Esq., Daughter of Sir Robert Stroud, of Parneham, in the county of Dorset, Kt. deceased Decemb. 24, 1647, leaving issue eight sonnes & three daughters—viz. George, John, Robert, Henry, Alexander, Francis, Amyas, Anthony, Margaret, Susan, and Katherin. For hir vertuous Life and godly Death, hir Mortallity shall be made imortally glorious.”

^{page 234 note b} Simon Ralegh, of Nettlecomb, married Ela, daughter of Milo de Reigny, and acquired with her extensive property in Glamorgan, which descended through the Whalesburghs to John Trevelyan, who, in 1452, married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Whalesburgh. Some of these lands appear to have been sold to the Earl of Worcester in the sixteenth century, others to the Herbert family in the beginning of the seventeenth, and it was to raise money on what remained to the family, that Margaret, the wife of George Trevelyan, obtained this Pass, for the purpose of complying with some such requisition as that in p. 243, sent to her husband by Sir Thomas Bridges, for a sum of money “for the present relief of his Majesties armies.”

^{page 235 note a} Dunster Castle was given up to the Royalists in June, 1643, and was retaken by Col. Blake in April, 1646. Thomas Luttrell died in 1647.

^{page 235 note b} This is indorsed “The coppy of Sir Ra. Hop. letter to Sir J. B.” It was written the day after the skirmishes and battle described in it, and doubtless at Wells. The army rested there eight or ten days, according to Clarendon, who describes this battle, but he does not give a date until he speaks of the great battle of Lansdown, fought on the 5th July. The affairs narrated by Sir R. Hopton must have occurred towards the end of June, 1643.

^{page 237 note a} The old copyist has made some confusion in the passage, which this extract from Clarendon makes clear :— “The Prince in the head of the regiment, charging so vigorously, that he utterly broke and routed that part of the front that received the impression; but almost half the enemy's horse, that, being extended larger” [wider] “than his front, were not charged, wheeled about and charged the Prince in his rear.”

^{page 239 note a} The commencement of this letter is unfortunately much decayed. The writer was of Topsham, and one of the family of Sainthills of Bradninch ; his tomb is in the church there, on which it is recorded that after serving Charles the First in honourable charges, civil and military, he withdrew to the Continent in 1646, and died in Italy in 1648. The Sainthills of Topsham were represented by the late Richard Sainthill of Cork (ob. 1869), an eminent numismatist, and author of Olla Podrida, two volumes of essays, privately printed.

^{page 240 note a} Hugh Wyndham of Tale, was fourth son of Col. Edmund Wyndham of Kentsford, Somerset, husband of the favourite nurse of Charles II. (see note b p. 204), and uncle of Francis, the writer of a letter in p. 247. His father was High Sheriff at this time, and Governor of Bridgwater, which had been taken by the Marquis of Hertford, in June 1643.

^{page 241 note a} Rambooze, Rambuse, a drink made of wine or ale, eggs and sugar; or of milk, wine, sugar, and rose water.—Phillips' World of Words, 1720.

^{page 241 note b} The object of the writer was to excuse himself on various grounds from further service. The date is only “August,” but we may safely place it in the your 1643.

^{page 242 note a} See a previous letter from this writer, p. 151.

^{page 246 note a} See the previous letter from Nicholas Willonghby, Jun^r, to his uncle John Willoughby.

^{page 247 note a} Commission from the King to George Trevelyan to raise a regiment of 1,200 foot, signed at Oxford 22nd March, 1643–4, printed in Pt. ii. p. 119.

^{page 248 note a} Aller, a farm in St. Decuman's parish, near Orchard Wyndham, part of the Nettlecomb property, till it was exchanged by Sir John Trerelyan, with the late Earl of Egremont, for some property nearer Nettlecomb Court.

^{page 248 note b} Col. Francis Wyndham, of Trent, fourth son of Sir Thomas Wyndham of Kentsford, Knt., and brother of Colonel Edmund Wyndham (see note ^b, p. 204), married Anne, daughter and coheir of Thomas Gerard of Trent, Somerset ; he, like his brother, was a distinguished officer in the King's army. Amongst other services he assisted in obtaining the surrender of Dunster Castle, in June, 1643, of which he was appointed Governor ; but is better known for the help he gave Charles the Second in his flight from England, after the battle of Worcester, in 1651, when the King was for many days concealed in his house at Trent. A pension of £600 a-year was granted to him and his heirs in perpetuity. He was created a Baronet in 1673, and died in 1676.

^{page 249 note a} Sir John Berkeley was made Governor of Exeter after its surrender to the King's forces.

^{page 249 note b} Francis Drew of the Grange, in the parish of Broad Hembury, who died in, 1675. The estate of Ley Hill in the adjoining parish of Peyhembury, the seat of the Willoughbys, was sold by Sir John Trerelyan to Francis Rose Drew, a descendant of the above Francis.

^{page 251 note a} Sturminster Newton, near Blandford, Dorset.

^{page 251 note b} This letter and the following one to Margaret, the wife of George Trevelyan, relate to the heayy fines imposed on him for his delinquency, as recorded in the following Resolutions of the Houses of Parliament.

^{page 252 note a} Sir Ralph Hopton, at this time Lieutenant-General of the King's forces in the West.

^{page 253 note a} The writer of this letter, John, was son of Richard Mallack, and husband of Susan, daughter of John Willoughby.

^{page 254 note a} Bellievre was at this time Ambassador from France to England. He landed July 9th. His message to interpose and endeavour a good reconciliation of the differences between His Majesty and the Parliament, was debated on the 22nd, but he was told that they could not agree that any foreign State should interpose in the remaining differences, nor, in particular the King of France, by his extraordinary Ambassador.

^{page 254 note b} Ax. is no doubt intended for Axmouth, where was the residence of the writer, which still stands, though dilapidated, and is known by the name of “Steps House.”

^{page 256 note a} “The Pardon” is probably “the business despatched under the great seal,” mentioned at the beginning of this letter.

^{page 257 note a} After receiving at Topcliffe, South of Newcastle, the 1st sum of £100,000, they were within ten days to quit all their quarters South of the Tyno, and on the delivevy of the 2nd £100,000, on the North of Newcastle, to march out of England within ten days.

^{page 257 note b} This word is obliterated by the seal.

^{page 258 note a} Comb Flory, near Taunton, well known at a later date, as the living and residence of the Rev. Sydney Smith

^{page 259 note a} At Lord Craven's house, Caversham

^{Page 263 note a} Sir Hugh Culme, knight, who died in 1630, having married first Mary Emerson ; and secondly Dermod, who survived him, and married Colonel Jones, as above,

^{Page 264 note a} Afterwards General Monck and Duke of Albemarle, son of Sir Thomas Mcmck of Potheridge, Devonshire.

^{Page 268 note a} The first part of this letter, about some action of waste, is uninteresting and therefore omitted in this copy.

^{Page 268 note b} Lord WiUoughby of Parham was appointed Vice-Admiral of the Fleet by the Duke of York at Helvoetsluys.

^{Page 268 note c} Sir Marmaduke Langdale about this time had some success in the North ; White lock, on the 21st June, writes that, “The Earl of Norwich persuades his men that Langdale was coming with ten thousand men to fall on the General's rear.” The Earl of Norwich was besieged by Fairfax and Ireton in Colchester, which surrendered on the 28th of the same month.

^{Page 271 note a} William Sclater, son of William Sclater, vicar of Pitminster, Somerset (a native of Bedfordshire), fellow of King's College Cambridge, prebendary of Exeter and D.D succeeded to the vicarage of Collumpton, Devon, in 1644. Several of his theological publications are enumerated in Wood's Athence Oxon. iii. 229, 1639. Roger Mallack was patron of the living when Sclater was presented.

^{Page 272 note a} Papisto-Mastix, &c. on Judges v. 31, 1642, &c.; he also published some of his father's works, but at a later date (1650) than this letter.

^{Page 272 note b} J. Ashford or Ayshford, the last heir male of the family, who died in 1688. His heiress married Sandford of Nynehead, Somerset.

^{Page 272 note c} The Act of Oblivion was passed Feb. 10th.

^{Page 273 note a} Tale is a village in the parish of Peahembury.

^{Page 273 note b} Robert Duke, of Otterton, the last heir male of which family, llichard, died in 1741. They had been in possession of the Manor of Otterton for many generations.

^{Page 274 note a} The Ambassador from the States was received on the 10th of June, but left on the 30th, without concluding a peace, which was not made till April, 1654.

^{Page 274 note b} On the 26th May.

^{Page 274 note c} A few lines on legal matters of no interest, are omitted.

^{Page 276 note a} On the 12th of September.

^{Page 277 note a} “Poor Betty,” was Elizabeth, daughter of John Mallack, and wife of Nicholas Willoughby; see letters of hers in p. 282, and note a, p. 283.

^{Page 277 note b} 9th Sept., most of the great commanders of the Highlanders came into the English upon Articles.— Whitclock.

^{Page 278 note a} Probably one of the family of Bowerman of Hemyock, Devon.

^{Page 279 note a} John Dcsborough, brother-in-law of Cromwell, was one of the twelve Major- Generals appointed by Cromwell to superintend the districts into which he divided England; he had the counties of Gloucester, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon, and Cornwall, and his commission was dated May 28th, 1655. They were abolished 7th Jan. 1656–7.

^{Page 280 note a} Cadhay or Caddy, in the parish of Ottery St. Mary, gave its name to a family whose heiress married John Haydon, a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, in the reign of Elizabeth. Gideon Haydon married Margaret, daughter of John Davy of Creedy, and died in 1663; his monument is in the church of Ottery St. Mary.

^{Page 283 note a} The writer of this letter was Elizabeth, daughter of John Mallack of Axmouth, who married first Nicholas Willoughby, son of John Willoughby's younger brother Nicholas ; it is therefore her uncle whom she addresses as “grandfather,” though her husband Nicholas, in the following letter of same date, properly addresses him as “uncle ;” perhaps the lady thought the term more endearing when coaxing the old gentleman for the £100, for he was then eighty-five years old. Her first husband died without issue, and she then married Baron Blayney of Blayney Castle, and thirdly Hugh Montgomery, a brother of the Bishop; she died March 3, 1703, leaving by her third husband a son Hugh, who took the name of Willoughby, and was twenty-seven years old at the time of his mother's death. See p. 304, note^a.

^{Page 284 note a} Printed in p. 281.

^{Page 284 note b} Probably John Yonge of Colyton, an aunt of whom, sister of Walter Yonge (the Diarist), had married Bichard Mallack.

^{Page 286 note a} Sir Ed. Mountagne, afterwards Earl of Sandwich.

^{Page 286 note b} “We were on board the London, which hath a state room much bigger than the Nazeby, but not so rich.”—Pepys' Diary, April 24th, 1660.

“After dinner the King and the Duke altered the name of some of the ships: viz. The Nazeby, into Charles ; the Richard, James.”—Pepys, May 23rd, 1660. The London was blown up by accident, March 8, 1665.

^{Page 286 note c} John Mallack, son of Richard Mallack, married in 1625 Susan, a sister of John Willoughby: he perhaps was father of the writer of this interesting letter.

^{Page 287 note a} Robert Yonge, the writer of this letter, was probably a son of John Yonge of Colyton, and a younger brother of Walter, the writer of the following letter.

^{Page 287 note b} “The young Duke of Richmond ” was Esme, the only son of James Stuart, Duke of Richmond ; he died in France at about the age of ten years, and was succeeded by his cousin Charles Lord D'Aubignie, Earl of Lichfield, who died when on an embassy in Denmark, in 1672. The title of Duke of Richmond was afterwards conferred by Charles the Second on Charles Lejinox, one of his natural sons, by the Duchess of Portsmouth, and ancestor of the present Dukes of Richmond.

^{Page 287 note c} Gamble, in his Life of General Monck, says “He had a warrant for a commission to be Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, but he was unwilling to part with the felicity of his Majesties presence, and humbly prayed his Majesty to excuse him.” Pepys, in his Diary on 21st August, writes, “General Monk is made Lieutenant of Ireland, which my Lord Roberts ( made Deputy) do not like of to be Deputy to any man but the King himself.”

^{Page 288 note a} The writer of this letter, Walter Yonge of Colyton, succeeded his father John Yonge, as Baronet j he was M.P. for Lyme Kegis, and he and his correspondent John Willoughby, had married sisters, Isabel and Mary, daughters of Sir John Davie of Creedy. He was grandson of Walter, writer of the Diary published by the Camden Society.

^{Page 289 note a} On January 16th, 1661–2, Pepys speaks of Stoakes telling them about the country of Gambo.

^{Page 290 note a} Escott, in the parish of Tallaton, Devon, now the seat of Sir John Kennaway.

^{Page 290 note b} A long paragraph on uninteresting priyate legal matters is here omitted.

^{Page 291 note a} The inclosed paper contains a “Cathalogue of Sir George Trevillian's estate in the county of Wexford, his Patent being dated the 19 Martii Anno 15° Jacobi,” giving the details of towns-names, and acres, amounting in the whole to 4332 acres. This was in the barony of Ballikin, called Castle Murrough. He also had an estate at Knockfergus, near Joysmount, in the county of Wexford, neither of which ever came to his family. The estate of Castle Murrough Sir George Trevellyan leased for sixty years to his wife, the term to commence at his death, which occurred in 1620 ; his widow made the lease over to Lord Mountnorris. See the letter of Edward Chichester, p. 187.

^{Page 292 note a} William, a younger son of Sir John Yonge of Axmouth. He married Jane, daughter of Sir John Drake of Ash, in the adjoining parish of Musbury, another daughter of whom was the mother of John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough, who was born at Ash in 1650, when his mother was on a visit to her father. The Mr. Churchill who was with William Yonge in Ireland may possibly have been the father of the Duke.

^{Page 292 note b} The brother and sister of the writer were Elizabeth and her first husband Nicholas Willoughby, mentioned again below as brother Willoughby and sister ; but the “young Tory,” their son, the “brave boy,” whose birth was announced in a letter from his father in October 1655, (p. 278,) died before his father, who left no issue.

^{Page 293 note a} The first part of this letter on law matters, and of no interest, is omitted.

^{Page 294 note a} “My Lord Sandwich this day writes me word that he hath seen the comet, and says it is the most extraordinary thing he ever saw.”—Pepys' Diary, 21st December, 1664.

^{Page 294 note b} Probably a seal.

^{Page 294 note c} A street in Seaton hears the name of this family.

^{Page 295 note a} See Pepys' Diary June 2nd and following, 1666. The Fleet was commanded by the Duke of Albemarle.

^{Page 296 note a} “Fouft, broft,” for fought and brought. The writer of this very abnormally spelt letter was evidently misled by the notion, that because (in his time) the letter f had the same sound as gh in “ought, oughten,” for oft, often, as in several of the previous letters, and (to this day) in cough, rough, and other words, in which f might be equally well used, it might therefore take the place of those two letters in all words in which they occurred. See p. 209, note^a.

^{Page 296 note b} For Pen and Harman. See Pepys' Diary. April 17th and following days, 1668.

^{Page 297 note a} In November 1664, “Certain news of our peace made by Captain Allan with Argier.”—Pepys' Diary, 28th November, 1664. and on 26th January, 1668–9, he writes: “The Algerineshave broke the peace with us, by taking out some Spaniards and goods out of an English ship which had the Duke of York's pass, of which advice came this day ; and the King is resolved to stop Sir Thomas Allen's fleet from coming home, till he hath amends made him for this affront, and therfore sent for us to advise about victuals to be sent to that fleet, and some more ships.” and afterwards, on the 7th of March, he writes: “I to Whitehall, and then hear that there are letters come from Sir Thomas Allen, that he hath made some kind of peace with Argier.”

^{Page 299 note a} This relates to part of the estates in Ireland, the property of Sir George Trevelyan, Knight, who died in 1620—mentioned in a previous letter of William Hartwell of 13th July, 1663 (p. 291), and which was now, it appears, in the possession of the Earl of Anglesea.

^{Page 300 note a} Sir T. Osborne, appointed Lord Treasurer 19 June, 1673, was created Viscount Latimer 15 August, 1673, Earl of Danby in 1674, and Duke of Leeds in 1694

^{Page 307 note a} Prince George of Denmark was Lord High Admiral from May 20th, 1702, till his death, October 28th, 1708.

^{Page 308 note a} Walter Calverley, son of Sir Walter Calverley of Calverley in Yorkshire, who, on his marriage in 1729 with Elizabeth daughter of Sir William Blackett of Wallington and Newcastle-on-Tyne, took the name of Blackett in addition to his own. George Trevelyan, to whom this letter was addressed, had married Sir Walter's sister Julia Calverley ; he succeeded to the baronetcy in 1755, and when this letter was written was residing at Lea Hill, Pehembury, part of the property in Devonshire to which his grandfather Sir George, the first Baronet, had succeeded, by his marriage with Mary, daughter and heir of John Willoughby, to whom many of the previous letters are addressed. Lea Hill was sold by his son Sir John Trevelyan to F. R. Drewe of Grange.

^{Page 311 note a} The writer was Sir Walter Calverley Blackett (see note to the preceding letter). He was returned Member for Newcastle-on-Tyne in 1734–41–47–54–60–68 and 74 ; he died in London, February 17th, 1777. Mr. Richmond was agent for his estates in Northumberland. See Memoirs of the Public Life of Sir Walter Blackett, Baronet, of Wallington, (Newcastle, 1819,) and Hodgson's History of Northumberland, Part 2, vol. i.

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Trevelyan Papers. Part III

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