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Ball sampling, a novel method to detect Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in hemlock (Pinaceae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2015

Jeffrey G. Fidgen ,
Mark C. Whitmore  and
Jean J. Turgeon
Jeffrey G. Fidgen*
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
Mark C. Whitmore
Affiliation:
Cornell Univeristy, Department of Natural Resources, 106 Fernow Hall, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States of America
Jean J. Turgeon
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada – Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 2E5
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: jeff.fidgen@nrcan-rncan.gc.ca).
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Abstract

Detection of the exotic hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in the crown of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis (Linnaeus) Carrière (Pinaceae), relies mainly on two techniques: (1) sampling of branches from the lower half of the crown using pole pruners; and, (2) visual examinations of accessible foliage from the ground. As a result, infestations starting elsewhere than the lower crown may be missed because the upper crown is out of reach for both techniques. We developed a novel technique called ball sampling, and evaluated its sensitivity at detecting a range of A. tsugae ovisac densities as estimated by pole pruning branch tips of T. canadensis. We launched racquet balls covered with VELCRO® patches of hooks through branches and examined them for the presence of wool produced by A. tsugae. Ball sampling was as effective as pole pruning at detecting infestations in individual trees. If A. tsugae abundance on branches was ⩾0.1 per 10 cm of twig length, as estimated by branch-tip sampling, ball sampling always detected wool in 10 or fewer samples. This technique has the potential to improve detectability of A. tsugae infestations because it can effectively access foliage that is typically inaccessible to other ground-based detection tools.

Type
Techniques – NOTE
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 148 , Issue 1 , February 2016 , pp. 118 - 121
Copyright
© 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Jon Sweeney

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