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ATTRACTANT PHEROMONE AND ALLOMONE FROM THE METATHORACIC SCENT GLAND OF A BROAD-HEADED BUG (HEMIPTERA: ALYDIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

J.R. Aldrich ,
A. Zhang  and
J.E. Oliver
J.R. Aldrich*
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Chemical Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center–West, Beltsville, Maryland, United States 20705
A. Zhang
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Chemical Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center–West, Beltsville, Maryland, United States 20705
J.E. Oliver
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, Chemical Affecting Insect Behavior Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center–West, Beltsville, Maryland, United States 20705
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: aldrichj@ba.ars.usda.gov).
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Abstract

Females of Alydus eurinus (Say) release an attractant pheromone from their metathoracic scent gland. Conspecific males and, to a lesser extent, females and nymphs were attracted to blends containing the female-specific essential pheromone components 2-methylbutyl butyrate and (E)-2-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, whereas individuals of Alydus pilosulus Herrick-Schaeffer were not attracted. When attacked, however, alydid adults emit chemicals for defense—butyric and hexanoic acids in A. eurinus—from the metathoracic scent glands. Mimicry is actually the first line of defense for most broad-headed bugs, including the common North American species studied here, whose nymphs are remarkable ant mimics and whose adults strongly resemble spider wasps (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae). The possibility that disparate heteropterans (Hemiptera) produce sexual pheromones in their metathoracic scent glands must be considered in future pheromone research on heteropterans, especially for species with the specialized lines of defense indicated by aposematism or mimicry.

Résumé

Les femelles d’Alydus eurinus (Say) ont une glande métathoracique qui émet une phéromone d’attraction. Les mâles de l’espèce, et à un degré moindre les femelles et les larves, sont attirés par les mélanges qui contiennent les composantes essentielles de la phéromone de la femelle, le butyrate de 2-méthyl-butyle et le butyrate de (E)-2-méthyl-2-butenyle, alors que les individus d’Alydus pilosulus Herrick-Schaeffer ne sont pas attirés. Lorsqu’ils sont attaqués, les adultes d’alydides émettent de leurs glandes des substances de défense—acides butyrique et hexanoïque chez A. eurinus. Le mimétisme est le principal système de défense des Punaises à grosse tête, y compris les espèces nord-américaines communes étudiées ici, dont les larves sont des imitations remarquables de fourmis et dont les adultes ressemblent fort à des pompiles (Hymenoptera : Pompilidae). Il faut envisager, dans les programmes de recherche sur les phéromones des hétéroptères, la possibilité que des hétéroptères (Hemiptera) de diverses lignées émettent des phéromones sexuelles à partir de leurs glandes métathoraciques odorantes, surtout chez les espèces qui possèdent des systèmes de protection spécialisés tels l’aposématisme et le mimétisme.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , December 2000 , pp. 915 - 923
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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