Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T03:52:26.376Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL ATTEMPT AGAINST THE EUROPEAN WHEAT STEM SAWFLY, CEPHUS PYGMAEUS (HYMENOPTERA: CEPHIDAE), IN ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Bryan P. Beirne
Bryan P. Beirne
Affiliation:
Pestology Centre, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

There are no valid reasons to believe that the allegedly successful biological control attempt against Cephus pygmaeus (L.) in Ontario was in fact a success. There are definite indications that it was a failure.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 104 , Issue 7 , July 1972 , pp. 987 - 990
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baird, A. B. 1954. Biological control. In Glen, R., Canada — Review of economic entomology, 1948–1954. Rep. 6th Commonw. ent. Conf. London: 188–205.Google Scholar
Baird, A. B. 1956. Biological control of noxious insects and weeds in Canada. Proc. Eighth Pacif. Sci. Congr. III-A: 1227–1234.Google Scholar
Baird, A. B. 1958. Biological control of insect and plant pests in Canada. Proc. Tenth int. Congr. Ent. Montreal 4: 483–485.Google Scholar
Brown, D. M., McKay, G. A., and Chapman, L. J.. 1968. The climate of southern Ontario. Can. Dep. Transport, Met. Brch Clim. Stud. 5.Google Scholar
CIPR: Canadian Insect Pest Review, Can. Dep. Agric. 17–39.(1939–1961).Google Scholar
Clausen, C. P. 1956. Biological control of insect pests in the Continental United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. tech. Bull. 1159.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. (Ed.). 1964. Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Reinhold Publ. Co. 844 pp.Google Scholar
Franz, J. 1961. Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung. Handb. PflKrankh. VI: 1–302.Google Scholar
Harrington, W. H. 1890. The corn sawfly. Can. Ent. 22: 40.Google Scholar
McLeod, J. H. 1962. A review of the biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Canada. Part I. Biological control of pests of crops, fruit trees, ornamentals, and weeds in Canada up to 1959. Commonw. Inst. biol. Control tech. Commun. 2: 1–33.Google Scholar
Reis, D. T. 1926. A biological study of Cephus pygmaeus (Linnaeus), the wheat stem sawfly. J. agric. Res. 32: 277–295.Google Scholar
Salt, G. 1931. Parasites of the wheat-stem sawfly Cephus pygmaeus L. in England. Bull. ent. Res. 22: 479–545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. W. 1931. Colonization in Canada of Collyria calcitrator (Hym. Ich.), a parasite of the wheat stem sawfly. Bull. ent. Res. 22: 547–550.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R. W. 1948. Collyria calcitrator Grav., an important parasite of Cephus pygmaeus L. in Europe, established in Ontario. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 78: 39–44.Google Scholar
Smith, R. W. 1959. Status in Ontario of Collyria calcitrator (Grav.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and of Pediobius beneficus (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasites of the European wheat stem sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Can. Ent. 91: 697–700.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swan, L. A. 1964. Beneficial insects. Harper & Row, New York. 429 pp.Google Scholar
Turnbull, A. L. and Chant, D. A.. 1961. The practice and theory of biological control of insects in Canada. Can. J. Zool. 39: 697–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Udine, E. J. 1941. The black grain sawfly and the European wheat stem sawfly in the United States. U.S. Dep. Agric. Circ. 607.Google Scholar