Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T05:33:45.772Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) infesting woodpeckers and sapsuckers (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2016

Terry D. Galloway  and
Robert J. Lamb
Terry D. Galloway*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
Robert J. Lamb
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: Terry_Galloway@umanitoba.ca)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Five species of woodpeckers (Piciformes: Picidae) in Manitoba, Canada were examined for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera): downy woodpecker (DOWO) (Picoides pubescens (Linnaeus), n=56), hairy woodpecker (HAWO) (Picoides villosus (Linnaeus), n=32), pileated woodpecker (PIWO) (Dryocopus pileatus (Linnaeus), n=12), northern flicker (NOFL) (Colaptes auratus (Linnaeus), n=223), and yellow-bellied sapsucker (YBSA) (Sphyrapicus varius (Linnaeus), n=192). Seven species of lice were collected (total number=40 613): Menacanthus pici (Denny) from all species of woodpeckers, Brueelia straminea (Denny) from both species of Picoides Lacépède, Penenirmus jungens (Kellogg) from northern flicker, Penenirmus auritus (Scopoli) from all species of woodpeckers examined except northern flickers, Picicola porisma Dalgleish from northern flickers, Picicola snodgrassi (Kellogg) from both species of Picoides, and Picicola marginatulus (Harrison) from pileated woodpeckers. Prevalence for total louse infestation ranged from 32.3% to 85.7% (NOFL>YBSA>PIWO>DOWO>HAWO). Mean intensity for total lice ranged from 29.2 to 232.4 (PIWO>NOFL>HAWO>YBSA>DOWO). Infestation parameters for each louse/host combination are provided. Distribution of louse infestations was highly aggregated. In all louse/host combinations, either females were more prevalent than males or there was no significant deviation from 50:50. There was a tendency for louse species to co-occur on the same host specimen.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 148 , Issue 5 , October 2016 , pp. 520 - 531
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Derek Sikes

References

Anderson, R.A. and Brust, R.A. 1996. Blood feeding success of Aedes aegypti and Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to defensive behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) in the laboratory. Journal of Vector Ecology, 21: 94–104.Google Scholar
Brown, J.H. and Wilk, A.L. 1944. Mallophaga of Alberta: a list of species with hosts. The Canadian Entomologist, 76: 127–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bush, A.O., Lafferty, K.D., Lotz, J.M., and Shostak, A.W. 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83: 575–583.Google Scholar
Bush, S.A. and Malenke, J.R. 2008. Host defence mediates interspecific competition in ectoparasites. Journal of Animal Ecology, 77: 558–564.Google Scholar
Clay, T. 1957. The Mallophaga of birds. In The first symposium host specificity among parasites of vertebrates. Edited by J.G. Baer. Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland. Pp. 120–158.Google Scholar
Clayton, D.H. and Drown, D.M. 2001. Critical evaluation of five methods for quantifying chewing lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Journal of Parasitology, 87: 1291–1300.Google Scholar
Clayton, D.H., Gregory, R.D., and Price, R.D. 1992. Comparative ecology of Neotropical bird lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera). Journal of Animal Ecology, 61: 781–791.Google Scholar
Clayton, D.H., Koop, J.A.H., Harbison, C.W., Moyer, B.R., and Bush, S.E. 2010. How birds combat ectoparasites. The Open Ornithology Journal, 3: 21–71.Google Scholar
Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2007. Red-headed Woodpecker, Melanerpes erythrocephalus. Available from http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct1/searchdetail_e.cfm [accessed 14 January 2015].Google Scholar
Dalgleish, R.C. 1969. The Picicola (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London (B), 38: 101–113.Google Scholar
Dalgleish, R.C. 1972. The Penenirmus (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Picidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 80: 83–104.Google Scholar
Dubinin, V.V. 1947. Ecological observations of ectoparasites. II. Ecological adaptations of chewing lice and feather mites. Parazitogicheskii Sbornik, 9: 191–222. [In Russian].Google Scholar
Galloway, T.D. and Lamb, R.J. 2014. Abundance and stability are species traits for four chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae, Philopteridae) on feral pigeons, Columba livia Gmelin (Aves: Columbiformes: Columbidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 146: 444–456.Google Scholar
Galloway, T.D., Proctor, H.C., and Mironov, S.V. 2014. Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and feather mites (Acari: Astigmatina: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea): ectosymbionts of grassland birds in Canada. In Arthropods of Canadian grasslands (volume 3). Biodiversity and systematics, part 1. Edited by H.A. Cárcamo and D.J. Giberson. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Pp. 139–188.Google Scholar
Godfrey, W.E. 1986. The birds of Canada. Revised edition. National Museum of Natural Science, National Museums of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
González-Acuña, D., Ardiles, K., Moreno, L., Muñoz, S., Vásquez, R.A., Celis, C., et al. 2014. Lice species (Insecta: Phthiraptera) from Chilean Picidae (Aves: Piciformes). Entomological News, 124: 109–119.Google Scholar
Grossi, A.A., Sharanowski, B.A., and Galloway, T.D. 2014. Anatoecus species (Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) from Anseriformes in North America and taxonomic status of Anatoecus dentatus and Anatoecus icterodes . The Canadian Entomologist, 146: 598–608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbison, C.W., Jacobsen, M.V., and Clayton, D.H. 2009. A hitchhiker’s guide to parasite transmission: the phoretic behavior of feather lice. International Journal of Parasitology, 39: 569–575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institute for Bird Populations. 2014. Standardized 4- and 6-letter bird species codes [online]. Available from http://www.birdpop.org/docs/misc/Alpha_codes_tax.pdf [accessed 6 July 2015].Google Scholar
Judd, W.W. 1953. A collection of feather lice (Mallophaga) from birds in Ontario. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 72: 349–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keirans, J.E. 1966. The Mallophaga of New England birds. Ph.D. thesis. University of New Hampshire, St, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America.Google Scholar
Keirans, J.E. 1975. A review of phoretic relationships between Mallophaga (Phthiraptera: Insecta) and Hippoboscidae (Diptera: Insecta). Journal of Medical Entomology, 12: 71–76.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malenke, J.R. 2008. The ecology of local adaptation in feather lice. Ph.D. thesis. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America.Google Scholar
Manitoba Avian Research Committee. 2003. The birds of Manitoba. Manitoba Naturalists Society, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.Google Scholar
Marshall, A.G. 1981. The sex ratio in ectoparasitic insects. Ecological Entomology, 6: 155–174.Google Scholar
Mironov, S.V. and Galloway, T.D. 2002. Four new species of feather mites (Acari: Analgoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 134: 605–618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moyer, B.R., Drown, D.M., and Clayton, D.H. 2002. Low humidity reduces ectoparasite pressure: implications for host life history evolution. Oikos, 97: 223–228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Najer, T., Sychra, O., Kounek, F., Papousek, I., and Hung, N. 2014. Chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera and Ischnocera) from wild birds in southern Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3755: 419–433.Google Scholar
Nelson, B.C. and Murray, M.D. 1971. The distribution of Mallophaga on the domestic pigeon (Columba livia). International Journal of Parasitology, 1: 21–29.Google Scholar
Price, R.D. and Emerson, K.C. 1975. The Menacanthus (Mallophaga: Menoponidae) of the Piciformes (Aves). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 86: 779–785.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, R.D., Hellenthal, R.A., and Palma, R.L. 2003. World checklist of chewing lice with host associations and keys to families and genera. In The chewing lice: world checklist and biological overview. Volume 24. Edited by R.D. Price, R.A. Hellenthal, R.L. Palma, K.P. Johnson, and D.H. Clayton. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America. Pp. 1–448.Google Scholar
Reiczigel, J. and Rózsa, L. 2005. Quantitative parasitology 3.0. Distributed by the authors, Budapest, Hungary.Google Scholar
Richards, W.R. 1964. A short method for making balsam mounts of aphids and scale insects. The Canadian Entomologist, 96: 963–966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rózsa, L., Reiczigel, J., and Majoros, G. 2000. Quantifying parasites in samples of hosts. Journal of Parasitology, 86: 228–232.Google Scholar
SigmaPlot. 2010. SigmaPlot 11.2. SYSTAT Software, San Jose, California, United States of America.Google Scholar
Spencer, G.J. 1948. Some records of Mallophaga from British Columbia birds. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 44: 3–6.Google Scholar
Stirrett, G.M. 1952. Mallophaga collected from birds in Ontario. The Canadian Entomologist, 84: 205–207.Google Scholar
SYSTAT. 2009. SYSYAT 13, Statistics I. SYSTAT Software, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.Google Scholar
Thompson, G.B. 1934. Records of Siphunculata and Mallophaga from Canadian hosts. The Canadian Entomologist, 66: 279–281.Google Scholar
Threlfall, W. and Wheeler, T.A. 1986. Ectoparasites from birds in Newfoundland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 22: 273–275.Google Scholar
Ward, R.A. 1957. A study of the host distribution and some relationships of biting lice (Mallophaga) parasitic on birds of the order Tinamiformes. Part II. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 50: 452–459.Google Scholar
Whitehead, W.E. 1934. Records of some Quebec Mallophaga and Anoplura. Annual Report of the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants, 25–26: 84–87.Google Scholar