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Control of conifer defoliators with neem-based systemic bioinsecticides using a novel injection device

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Blair V. Helson ,
D. Barry Lyons ,
Kevin W. Wanner  and
Taylor A. Scarr
Blair V. Helson*
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
D. Barry Lyons
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Kevin W. Wanner
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
Taylor A. Scarr
Affiliation:
Forest Management Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Suite 400, 70 Foster Drive, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 6V5
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: bhelson@nrcan.gc.ca).
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Abstract

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A systemic tree injection tube was designed to introduce the required volumes of neem-based bioinsecticides into conifer trees. The device consists of plastic tubing attached with hose clamps to a maple sap spile at one end and a tubeless automobile tire valve at the other end. A hole is drilled in the tree, the spile is hammered into the hole, the device is filled with the systemic insecticide, and the system is pressurized by attaching a bicycle pump to the tire valve. The parts are readily available, the device is simple to construct and easy and quick to install on a tree, application volumes are adjustable, and the device is reusable. This device has been used successfully to inject 188 trees representing four conifer species in either spring or fall, primarily with neem formulations but also with dimethoate, imidacloprid, and acephate. In most cases, all of the material was injected into the trees without leakage, although neem formulations were characteristically slow to enter the trees and certain neem formulations were not injected completely at volumes above 15 mL per injection tube. Dosages of 0.2 g azadirachtin/cm of diameter at breast height (dbh) or less provided control of pine false webworm, spruce budworm, cedar leafminers, gypsy moth, and introduced pine sawfly on red pine, white spruce, eastern white cedar, white pine, and white pine, respectively. Dosages as low as 0.005 g active ingredient/cm of dbh applied with injection tubes in either one or two holes per tree resulted in a 95% reduction in defoliation of mature (mean dbh ± SD = 23.4 ± 3.3 cm) red pine caused by pine false webworm.

Résumé

Un tube d’injection systémique pour les arbres a été conçu pour introduire le volume voulu de bioinsecticides à base de neem dans des conifères. L’appareil est constitué d’un tube de plastique attaché à une goudrelle au moyen d’un collier de serrage à un bout et à une valve pour pneu sans chambre à air à l’autre bout. Il faut percer l’arbre avec une mèche, forcer la goudrelle dans le trou à coups de marteau et remplir l’appareil d’insecticide qui sera ensuite pressurisé à l’aide d’une pompe de bicyclette branché sur la valve. Les pièces sont faciles à obtenir, la construction et la fixation de l’appareil à l’arbre aisées et rapides, le volume d’insecticide à injecter est réglable et l’appareil est réutilisable. L’appareil a servi avec succès dans la lutte contre les défoliateurs sur 188 arbres représentant quatre espèces de conifères, au printemps et à l’été, surtout avec des préparations de neem, mais aussi avec du méthoate, de l’imidacloprid et de l’acéphate. Dans la plupart des cas, toutes les substances étaient injectées dans l’arbre sans fuites, bien que certaines préparations de neem se soient révélées particulièrement lentes à pénétrer et certaines n’ont pu être injectées entièrement à des volumes supérieurs à 15 mL par tube à injection. Des doses de 0,2 g d’azadirachtin/cm de diamètre d’arbre à hauteur de poitrine (dbh) ou plus basses ont permis une lutte efficace contre le Pamphile du pin sur des pins rouges, contre la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette sur des épinettes blanches, contre les mineuses sur des thuyas de l’est, contre la Spongieuse sur des pins blancs et contre la Tenthrède du pin introduite sur des pins blancs. Des doses aussi faibles que 0,005 g ingrédient actif/cm de dbh de poitrine injectées par les tubes dans un ou deux trous par arbre ont diminué de 95% la défoliation de pins rouges matures (dbh moyenne ± écart type = 23,4 ± 3,3 cm) attaqués par des pamphiles.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 5 , October 2001 , pp. 729 - 744
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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