Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T05:17:37.988Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cytogenetic Pathways in Beetle Speciation1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Stanley G. Smith
Stanley G. Smith
Affiliation:
Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Investigations carried out over the past 50 years have made it abundantly clear that the chromosome, besides being a medium of evolutionary change, has an evolution of its own. In the animal kingdom, this has been elegantly proved by the extensive research on Drosophila (for a general review see Patterson and Stone, 1952), made possible largely by its possession of giant salivary gland chromosomes; by cytological analysis of hybrid rodents in the genus Gerbillus (Wahrman and Zahavi, 1958) and newts of the genus Triturus (White, 1946; Spurway and Callan, 1950; Callan and Spurway, 1951); by investigations carried out on various Orthoptera, facilitated by the clarity of meiosis in interracial (White, 1957a), interspecific (Klingstedt, 1939), and “intergeneric” (Helwig, 1955) hybrids; and by studies on the mantid genus Ameles (Wahrman and O'Brien, 1956), through the credibility derived from cytophotometric measurement of desoxyribose nucleic acid content. Much of the evidence adduced elsewhere, for example, Manna and Smith's (1959) survey of the bark weevil genus Pissodes, was based on comparative chromosome morphology, but, as will become evident later, our reasoning in this particular instance has so far proved correct.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 94 , Issue 9 , September 1962 , pp. 941 - 955
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1962

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Callan, H. G., and Spurway, H.. 1951. A study of meiosis in interracial hybrids of the newt, Triturus cristatus. J. Genet. 50: 235–249.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Darlington, C. D. 1956. Chromosome Botany. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Halkka, O. 1959. Chromosome studies on the Hemiptera Homoptera Auchenorrhyncha. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. (A) IV, Biol., No. 43: 1–72.Google Scholar
Helwig, E. R. 1941. Multiple chromosomes in Philocleon anomalus (Orthoptera: Acrididae). J. Morph. 69: 317–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helwig, E. R. 1955. Spermatogenesis in hybrids between Circotettix verruculatus and Trimerotropis suffusa (Orthoptera: Oedipodidae). Univ. Colorado Studies, Ser. Biol. 3: 47–64.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A. D. 1911. Technical papers on miscellaneous forest insects. I. Contributions toward a monograph of the bark-weevils of the genus Pissodes. U.S.D.A. Bureau Entomol., Tech. Ser. 20: 1–68.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1961. Techniques for rearing Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canad. Entom. 93: 1050–1053.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klingstedt, H. 1939. Taxonomic and cytological studies of grasshopper hybrids. I. J. Genet. 37: 389–420.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, K. R., and John, B.. 1957. Studies on Periplaneta americana. II. Interchange heterozygosity in isolated populations. Heredity 11: 11–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manna, G. K., and Smith, S. G.. 1959. Chromosomal polymorphism and inter-relationships among bark weevils of the genus Pissodes Germar. The Nucleus 2: 179–208.Google Scholar
Marks, G. E. 1957. Telocentric chromosomes. American Naturalist 91: 223–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matthey, R. 1945. L'évolution de la formule chromosomiale chez les vertébrés. Experientia 1: 50–56 and 76–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxwell, D. E. 1958. Sawfly cytology with emphasis on the Diprionidae (Hymenoptera: Symphyta). Proc. X Intern. Congr. Entom. 1956, 2: 961–978.Google Scholar
Moore, B. P., Woodroffe, G. E., and Sanderson, A. R.. 1956. Polymorphism and parthenogenesis in a ptinid beetle. Nature 177: 847–848.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narbel-Hofstetter, M. 1956. La cytologie des Luffia (Lépid. Psych.): Le croisement de l'espèce parthénogénétique avec l'espèce bisexuée. Rev. suisse Zool. 63: 203–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, J. T. and Stone, W. S.. 1952. Evolution in the genus Drosophila. The Macmillan Co., New York.Google Scholar
Robertson, W. R. B. 1916. Chromosome studies. I. Taxonomic relationships shown in the chromosomes of Tettigidae and Acrididae. V-shaped chromosomes and their significance in Acrididae, Locustidae and Gryllidae: chromosomes and variation. J. Morphol. 27: 179–331.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanderson, A. R. 1958. The cytology of Ptinus hirtellus Sturm and its parthenogenetic triploid form P. latro Fab. Proc. X Intern. Congr. Genet. 1958, 2: 993.Google Scholar
Seiler, J. 1943. Über den Ursprung der Parthenogenese und Polyploidie bei Schmetter-lingen. Arch. Julius Klaus-Stift. 18: 691–699.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1941. A new form of spruce sawfly identified by its cytology and parthenogenesis. Sci. Agric. 21: 245–305.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1950. The cyto-taxonomy of Coleoptera. Canad. Entom. 82: 58–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1953. Chromosome numbers of Coleoptera. Heredity 7: 31–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1954. A translocation in a wild population of Agriotes mancus (Say); (Coleoptera: Elateridae). Proc. IX Intern. Congr. Genet. 1953, 2: 779–780.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1956a. Animal cytology and cytotaxonomy. Proc. Genet. Soc. Canada 3: 57–64.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1956b. Cytotaxonomy of Curculionidae (Coleoptera). American Naturalist 90: 137–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1956c. Chromosomal polymorphism in a bark weevil. Nature 177: 386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1956d. Extreme chromosomal polymorphism in a coccinellid beetle. Experientia 12: 52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1957a. Comparative cytology of Chilocorini (Coleoptera). Proc. Genet. Soc. Canada 2: 42.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1957b. Chromosomal evolution in Chilocorus stigma: an exception to “Robertson's law”. Records Genet. Soc. Amer. 26: 396.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1959. The cytogenetic basis of speciation in Coleoptera. Proc. X. Intern. Congr. Genet. 1956, 1: 444–450.Google Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1960a. Cytogenetics of insects. Ann. Rev. Entom. 5: 69–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. G. 1960b. Chromosome numbers of Coleoptera. II. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 2: 67–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spurway, H., and Callan, H. G.. 1950. Hybrids between some members of the Rassenkreis Triturus cristatus. Experientia 6: 95–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stadler, H. D. 1956. A case of polyploidy in Diptera. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 42: 194–199.Google Scholar
Suomalainen, E. 1958a. Polyploidy in parthenogenetic beetles. Proc. X Intern. Congr. Genet. 1958, 1: 283.Google Scholar
Suomalainen, E. 1958b. On polyploidy in animals. Proc. Finnish Acad. Sci. Lett. 1958: 1–15.Google Scholar
Takenouchi, Y. 1955. A chromosome survey in thirty species of the weevils (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Jap. J. Zool. 11: 425–441.Google Scholar
Takenouchi, Y. 1958a. A further chromosome survey in thirty species of weevils (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Jap. J. Zool. 12: 139–155.Google Scholar
Takenouchi, Y. 1958b. Further survey of the chromosomes in curculionid weevils (Coleoptera). Jap. J. Genet. 33: 163–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takenouchi, Y. 1961. The cytology of bisexual and parthenogenetic races of Scepticus griseus Roelofs (Curculionidae: Coleoptera). Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 3: 237–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Virkki, N. 1960. Cytology of male meiosis in certain European forest beetles of the families Scolytidae, Cleridae, and Anobiidae. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. (A) IV, Biol. No. 49: 3–16.Google Scholar
Wahrman, J. 1954. Evolutionary changes in the chromosome complement of the Amelinae (Orthoptera: Mantoidea). Experientia 10: 176–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahrman, J., and O'Brien, R.. 1956. Nuclear content of DNA in chromosomal polymorphism in the genus Ameles (Orthoptera: Mantoidea). J. Morphol. 99: 259–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wahrman, J., and Zahavi, A.. 1958. Cytogenetic analysis of mammalian sibling species by means of hybridization. Proc. X Intern. Congr. Genet. 1958, 2: 304–305.Google Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1940. A translocation in a wild population of grasshoppers. J. Hered. 31: 137–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1946. The spermatogenesis of hybrids between Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus (Urodela). J. exp. Zool. 102: 179–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1951. Cytogenetics of orthopteroid insects. Adv. Genet. 4: 267–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
White, M. J. D. 1957a. Meiosis in interracial and interpopulation hybrids. Australian J. Zool. 5: 285–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1957b. Cytogenetics and systematic entomology. Ann. Rev. Entom. 2: 71–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1957c. Some general problems of chromosomal evolution and speciation in animals. Surv. Biol. Progr. 3: 109–147.Google ScholarPubMed
Whiting, P. W. 1960. Polyploidy in Mormoniella. Genetics 45: 949–970.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wood, S. L. 1957. The North American allies of Hylobius piceus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Canad. Entom. 89: 37–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar