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Diapause expression in a Québec, Canada population of the parasitoid Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 March 2019

Kévin Tougeron Open the ORCID record for Kévin Tougeron [Opens in a new window] ,
Joan van Baaren ,
Cécile Le Lann  and
Jacques Brodeur
Kévin Tougeron*
Affiliation:
Département de sciences biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada Unité Mixte de Recherche 6553 – Ecobio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
Joan van Baaren
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 6553 – Ecobio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
Cécile Le Lann
Affiliation:
Unité Mixte de Recherche 6553 – Ecobio (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Rennes, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35000 Rennes, France
Jacques Brodeur
Affiliation:
Département de sciences biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: tougeron.kevin@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a major natural enemy of several agricultural pests in North America. Yet little is known about its overwintering strategy, especially concerning the plastic response to photoperiod and temperature that induce diapause. Information on parasitoid overwintering patterns is of great importance if we aim to predict their phenology and better inform pest outbreak control. Moreover, there is increasing evidence of plastic and genetic changes in overwintering strategies in insect from temperate areas following climate change. We set up a laboratory approach to better understand the factors acting on diapause induction in A. ervi. We studied the diapause incidence in a population from Québec, Canada, using the combination of two temperatures (14 °C and 20 °C) and three photoperiod treatments (10:14, 12:12, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). We found an effect of both factors on diapause incidence; A. ervi expressed close to 95% of diapause at the most fall-like conditions (14 °C, 10:14 [light:dark] hours) and almost no diapause (3.5%) at the most summer-like conditions tested (20 °C, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). This parasitoid species does have the potential to enter diapause in Québec before lethal frosts, despite a recent introduction from France (1960s), where mild winter occurs compared with Québec.

Résumé

Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) est un des principaux ennemis naturels de plusieurs ravageurs agricoles en Amérique du Nord. Pour autant, on en sait peu sur ses stratégies d’hivernation, en particulier concernant les réponses plastiques à la photopériode et à la température qui induisent la diapause. Obtenir des informations sur les stratégies d’hivernation des parasitoïdes est d’une importance capitale si nous voulons prédire leur phénologie et mieux contrôler les pullulations de ravageurs. De plus, il y a de plus en plus de preuves de changements plastiques ou évolutifs dans les stratégies d’hivernation des insectes de milieux tempérés à cause du changement climatique. Nous avons mis en place une approche de laboratoire visant à mieux comprendre les facteurs agissant sur l’induction de la diapause chez A. ervi. Nous avons étudié les niveaux de diapause chez une population du Québec, Canada, en utilisant la combinaison de deux traitements de températures (14 °C et 20 °C) et trois traitements de photopériode (10:14, 12:12, 14:10 [jour:nuit] heures). Nous avons trouvé un effet des deux facteurs sur les niveaux de diapause; A. ervi a exprimé environ 95% de diapause à la condition la plus automnale testée (14 °C, 10:14 [jour:nuit] heures) et presque aucune diapause (3.5%) à la condition la plus estivale testée (20 °C, 14:10 [jour:nuit] heures). Cette espèce de parasitoïde semble donc avoir la capacité à entrer en diapause au Québec avant que le gel n’apparaisse, malgré une récente introduction depuis la France (années 1960), où des hivers plus doux qu’au Québec ont lieu.

Type
Behaviour and Ecology–NOTE
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 3 , June 2019 , pp. 345 - 349
Copyright
© Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada 2019 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Véronique Martel

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