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Dispersal of adult western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in greenhouse crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Marc Rhainds  and
Les Shipp
Marc Rhainds
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
Les Shipp*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, Harrow, Ontario, Canada N0R 1G0
*
2 Corresponding author.
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Abstract

This study characterized the spatial distribution of adult western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), released at the centres of greenhouses stocked with either cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae)) or chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzelev) (Asteraceae)) plants. Experiments conducted using either adults marked with fluorescent powder or unmarked adults revealed that the density of females per plant decreased as an inverse function of the distance from the release point. Inverse regression models with steep decreases in density over small distances may commonly describe the dispersal behaviour of insects that have limited flight capacity and settle on the first plants that they encounter. Females were found on plants farther from the release point as time elapsed, dispersing throughout the greenhouse at an average rate of 0.18 to 0.29 m per day. Distinct sex ratios for adults captured on sticky cards or sampled on host plants suggested that males and females exhibit different dispersal behaviours. The spatial distribution of F. occidentalis varied across generations, with females exhibiting a lower level of aggregation around the release site than their nymphal progeny. The average rate of spread between consecutive generations fluctuated between 0.05 and 0.17 m per day. Considering the limited dispersal of F. occidentalis, outbreaks may be effectively suppressed by applying insecticides or releasing natural enemies in relatively small concentric areas surrounding heavily infested plants, as well as near the edges of greenhouses.

Résumé

Notre étude caractérise la distribution spatiale de thrips des petits fruits adultes, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) relâchés au centre de serres contenant des plants de concombres (Cucumis sativus L. (Cucurbitaceae)) ou de chrysanthèmes (Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzelev) (Asteraceae)). Des expériences avec des adultes marqués de poudre fluorescente et d'adultes non marqués montrent que la densité des femelles par plant décroît en fonction inverse de la distance du point de libération. Des modèles de régression inverse qui montrent une forte décroissance de la densité en fonction de courtes distances servent couramment à décrire le comportement de dispersion chez les insectes qui ont une capacité de vol limitée et qui se posent sur les premiers plants qu'ils rencontrent. Avec le temps, des femelles se retrouvent sur des plants de plus en plus éloignés du point de libération, ce qui indique un taux de dispersion moyen à l'intérieur de la serre de 0,18 à 0,29 m par jour. L'existence de rapports mâles: femelles distincts dans les échantillons d'adultes récoltés sur des cartons englués ou directement sur les plants indique que les mâles et les femelles ont des comportements de dispersion différents. La répartition spatiale de F. occidentalis varie d'une génération à l'autre, car les femelles ont un plus faible degré de contagion autour du point de libération que les larves de leur progéniture. Le taux moyen de dispersion entre les générations consécutives varie de 0,05 à 0,17 m par jour. Vu le pouvoir réduit de dispersion de F. occidentalis, les infestations peuvent être enrayées de manière efficace en répandant des insecticides ou en libérant des ennemis naturels sur des surfaces concentriques relativement petites autour des plants fortement infestés, de même que le long des parois des serres.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 136 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 241 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2004

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