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Distribution of alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its parasitoids on the Canadian Prairies, with a key to described species of Nearctic Bathyplectes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 June 2020

Juliana Soroka Open the ORCID record for Juliana Soroka [Opens in a new window] ,
Andrew M.R. Bennett ,
Cezarina Kora  and
Marla D. Schwarzfeld
Juliana Soroka*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
Andrew M.R. Bennett
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
Cezarina Kora
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pest Management Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
Marla D. Schwarzfeld
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: julie.soroka@canada.ca
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Abstract

This study recorded distribution and size of alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica (Gyllenhal); Coleoptera: Curculionidae) populations in Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2001 to 2014. The spread of alfalfa weevil across the province, originally southwest to southeast, was northward and westward during this time. By 2014, only northwestern and west central areas remained relatively alfalfa weevil free. From a minor pest in 2001, the alfalfa weevil increased to be the principal insect pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa Linnaeus; Fabaceae) in 2014. The parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) had a similar distribution. Other parasitoids collected included Oomyzus incertus (Ratzeburg) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Microctonus colesi Drea (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Conservation of these parasitoids is an important step in maximising their effectiveness as alfalfa weevil biocontrol agents. Molecular sequencing of the DNA barcoding region of specimens identified morphologically as B. curculionis indicated moderately high levels of sequence divergence among specimens (up to 5.8%); however, interspecific genetic variation between other species of Bathyplectes Förster was also high. Therefore, we conclude that B. curculionis was the only Bathyplectes species collected in our study. An illustrated key to the described species of Bathyplectes in North America is provided, as well as DNA barcodes of most species, including five distinct barcodes in the Bathyplectes curculionis–B. exiguus (Gravenhorst) species complex.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 152 , Issue 5 , October 2020 , pp. 663 - 701
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© 2020 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Kevin Floate

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