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DROUGHT AND RANGELAND GRASSHOPPER SPECIES DIVERSITY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W.P. Kemp  and
M.M. Cigliano
W.P. Kemp
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Rangeland Insect Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana, USA 59717-0366
M.M. Cigliano
Affiliation:
USDA/ARS, Rangeland Insect Laboratory, Bozeman, Montana, USA 59717-0366
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Abstract

Rangeland grasshopper species richness was monitored at 10 sites in Montana, U.S.A., during 1986 through 1992, which included an extreme drought year (1988). We observed significant post-1988 drought reductions in rangeland grasshopper species richness in the eastern and south-central region of Montana where drought intensity has been increasing during the past 20 years. In the north-central region, which also experienced the 1988 drought but showed no long-term drought trend, we did not observe a post-drought reduction in overall rangeland grasshopper species richness. Thus, in terms of rangeland grasshopper species richness, the potential impact of a severe drought in a given year may depend on the timing of such an event within longer-term climatic cycles. Our findings suggest that as regional drought intensity increases temporally, there may be an increased likelihood that a single extreme drought year will not only have a profound impact on abundance but may also result in significant long-term reduction of grasshopper species richness. Our results support the hypothesis that resource limitation is a very important factor in structuring rangeland grasshopper communities in space and time.

Résumé

La richesse en espèces de criquets dans les zones de pâturage a été évaluée à 10 endroits dans le Montana, É.-U, de 1986 à 1992, intervalle qui recouvre une année d’extrême sécheresse (1988). Nous avons observé des réductions importantes de la richesse en espèces de criquets après la sécheresse de 1988 dans les zones de pâturage de l’est et du centre sud du Montana où l’intensité de la sécheresse a subi une augmentation au cours des 20 dernières années. Dans le centre nord, qui a également subi la sécheresse de 1988, mais où il ne s’est pas produit d’augmentation à long terme de l’intensité de la sécheresse, il n’y a pas eu de réduction particulière de la richesse en espèces après la sécheresse de 1988. Il semble donc que l’impact d’une sécheresse ponctuelle intense sur la richesse en espèces de criquets dans les zones de pâturage soit tributaire du cycle du climat où elle se situe. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une augmentation graduelle de l’intensité de la sécheresse dans une zone donnée peut non seulement faire augmenter la probabilité qu’une année de sécheresse extrême ait un impact important sur l’abondance, mais peut également faire en sorte que cette année de sécheresse entraîne une réduction à long terme de la richesse en espèces de criquets. Nos résultats corroborent l’hypothèse selon laquelle la restriction des ressources constitue un facteur important d’organisation spatiale et temporelle des communautés de criquets dans les zones de pâturage.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 4 , August 1994 , pp. 1075 - 1092
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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