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EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS BERLINER IN LARVAE OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Affiliation:
Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Forest Pest Management Institute, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

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The relationship between temperature and pathogenesis of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki in infected larvae of the eastern spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., was investigated to determine if more rapid death of larvae with an increase in temperature could be accounted for by enhanced bacterial growth. Cumulative mortality of larvae force-fed with a lethal dose of HD-1-S-1980 peaked within 2 days at 25 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C. The progress of bacterial growth in the larvae was followed from spore germination to cell lysis, and was completed within 4 days at 25 °C, 6 days at 22 °C, 12 days at 19 °C, 14 days at 16 °C, and > 28 days at 13 °C. Peak abundance of vegetative cells in the larvae was observed after 1 day at 25 °C, 2 days at 22 °C, 3 days at 19 °C, 7 days at 16 °C, and 21 days at 13 °C, and thus coincided almost exactly with the time required for maximum larval mortality. This correlation suggests that the observed effect of temperature on progression of larval mortality was due to its effect on the proliferation of vegetative cells in the infected larvae, and that bacterial septicemia makes an important contribution to death.

Résumé

La relation entre la température et les effets pathogènes de Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki a été étudiée chez des larves infectées de la Tordeuse des bourgeons de l’épinette, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem., afin de déterminer si la mort plus rapide des larves à haute température peut s’expliquer par une accélération de la croissance des bactéries. La mortalité cumulative de larves gavées d’une dose létale de HD-1-S-1980 a atteint un sommet en 2 jours à 25 °C, en 3 jours à 19 °C, en 7 jours à 16 °C et en 21 jours à 13 °C. Le progrès de la croissance des bactéries chez les larves a été suivi de la germination des spores à la lyse des cellules, un processus qui a nécessité 4 jours à 25 °C, 6 jours à 22 °C, 12 jours à 19 °C, 14 jours à 16 °C et > 28 jours à 13 °C. L’abondance maximale des cellules végétatives chez les larves a été observée après 1 jour à 25 °C, 2 jours à 22 °C, 3 jours à 19 °C, 7 jours à 16 °C et 21 jours à 13 °C, ce qui correspond à peu près exactement au temps requis pour que la mortalité des larves soit maximale. Cette corrélation semble indiquer que l’effet de la température sur la progression de la mortalité larvaire est causé par son influence sur la prolifération des cellules végétatives chez les larves infectées et que la septicémie bactérienne est largement responsable de la mortalité.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 4 , August 1994 , pp. 1061 - 1065
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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