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THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TOXICITY OF TEMEPHOS TO BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) LARVAE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. S. Rodrigues  and
N. K. Kaushik
C. S. Rodrigues
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
N. K. Kaushik
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1
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Abstract

Different formulations of temephos were tested against Simulium venustum and S. vittatum larvae at water temperatures of 7 °to 20 °C under simulated stream conditions in the laboratory and the results indicated a significant positive correlation between water temperature and temephos efficacy. Temephos application of up to 5 mg/L/10 min had very little effect on Simulium larvae at 7 ° to 8 °C. Data from the tests indicated that both emulsifiable concentrate and wettable powder formulations have positive temperature coefficients. The WP formulation was 11 times and two EC formulations were 32 times more toxic at 20 °C than at 10 °C. The rate of larval detachment was faster at the higher temperatures but even at 20 °C detachment was not immediate as is common with larvae treated with methoxychlor. Detached larvae did not survive. On the basis of the present laboratory experiments on temperature–efficacy relationships, there are very strong indications that these formulations could be used effectively against black fly larvae only in streams that have water temperatures not less than 18 °to 20 °C.

Résumé

Diverses formules de temephos ont été testées contre les larves de Simulium venustum et S. vittatum à des températures de l'eau allant de 7 °à 20 °C sous des conditions de laboratoire. Les résultats ont montré une corrélation positive significative entre la température de l'eau et l'efficacité du temephos. Une application de temephos d'au maximum 5 mg/L/10 min a eu peu d'effet sur les larves de Simulium à 7 °ou 8 °C. Les résultats des tests ont indiqué que les formules concentré émulsifiable et poudre mouillable ont toutes deux un coefficient thermique positif. La formule WP était 11 fois plus toxique, et deux formules EC différentes, 32 fois plus toxiques à 20 °C qu'à 10 °C. Les larves se sont détachées plus rapidement aux températures élevées, mais même à 20 °C, le détachement n'était pas immédiat comme c'est le cas des larves traitées au methoxychlor. Les larves détachées n'ont pas survécu. Ces tests de laboratoire sur les relations température–efficacité permettent de croire que ces formules ne pourraient être utilisées efficacement contre les larves de mouches noires que dans les cours d'eau où la température de l'eau n'est pas inférieure à 18 °C ou 20 °C.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 3 , March 1984 , pp. 451 - 455
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

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