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EFFECT OF WET FOLIAGE ON EFFICACY OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SPRAY AGAINST THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA CLEM. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Kees van Frankenhuyzen
Affiliation:
Forest Pest Management Institute, Canadian Forestry Service, PO Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner is registered for control of several defoliating forest insects, including the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.), jackpine budworm (C. pinus Freeman), and gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) (Morris et al. 1986). Product labels and user guidelines of several manufacturers recommend application to dry foliage for best results. Efficacy is presumably reduced when foliage is wet from dew or precipitation. Possible causes are lower impaction efficiency of spray droplets on the wet leaf surface (Spillman 1984) and dilution of the active ingredient. I compared the efficacy of B. thuringiensis applied to wet and dry balsam fir foliage (Abies balsamea L.) in a laboratory bioassay with larvae of the spruce budwom, Choristoneura fumiferana.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 119 , Issue 10 , October 1987 , pp. 955 - 956
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1987

References

Morris, O.N., Cunningham, J.C., Finney-Crawley, J.R., Jaques, R.P., and Kinoshita, G.. 1986. Microbial insecticides in Canada: their registration and use in agriculture, forestry and public and animal health. Suppl. Bull. ent. Soc. Can. 18. 43 pp.Google Scholar
Spillman, J.J. 1984. Spray impaction, retention and adhesion: an introduction to basic characteristics. Pestic. Sci. 15: 97106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar