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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF DIAPAUSE AND POSTDIAPAUSE DEVELOPMENT IN TETRASTICHUS JULIS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE CEREAL LEAF BEETLE, OULEMA MELANOPUS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

James R. Nechols ,
Maurice J. Tauber  and
Robert G. Helgesen
James R. Nechols
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Maurice J. Tauber
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
Robert G. Helgesen
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Abstract

Mature Telrastichus julis (Walker) larvae, which overwinter in the pupal cells of their dead cereal leaf beetle hosts, enter diapause in late summer. Diapause is maintained by warm conditions and short daylengths during late fall and early winter; it ends without a specific terminating stimulus. Subsequently the larvae remain in a state of postdiapause quiescence until soil temperatures rise above 9 °C, the theoretical threshold (t) for postdiapause development. Emergence of the central New York population occurs when the parasites have accumulated 162 degree days (D°) of heat above 9 °C. This K value is considerably lower than that previously reported for a population from Michigan.

Our study provides the first experimental evidence that both temperature and photoperiod regulate the rate of diapause development in a parasitic insect.

Résumé

Les larves matures de Tetrastichus julis (Walker) entrent en diapause à la fin de l’été et hivernent dans la cellule nymphale de leur hôte, le criocère des céréales, après la mort de celui-ci. La diapause est maintenue par les conditions douces et les courtes photopériodes qui prévalent à la fin de l’automne et au début de l’hiver; la terminaison de la diapause ne dépend d’aucun stimulus spécifique. Par la suite les larves demeurent dans un état de quiescent de postdiapause jusqu’à ce que la température du sol s’élève au-dessus de 9 °C, seuil théorique (t) du développement postérieur à la diapause. Pour les populations du centre de l’état de New York, l’émergence se produit lorsque les parasites ont accumulé l’équivalent thermique de 162 degrés-jours (D°) au-dessus de 9 °C. Cette valeur de k est nettement inférieure à celle rapportée antérieurement pour une population du Michigan.

Par cette étude, nous sommes les premiers à démontrer expérimentalement que la température et la photopériode sont tous deux impliqués dans la régulation de la vitesse du développement chez un insecte parasitique en diapause.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 112 , Issue 12 , 01 December 1980 , pp. 1277 - 1284
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1980

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