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Host range, attack dynamics, and impact of Cryptorhynchus lapathi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Salix (Salicaceae) spp.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Cynthia L. Broberg ,
John H. Borden  and
Leland M. Humble
Cynthia L. Broberg*
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
John H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
Leland M. Humble
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: cbroberg@sfu.ca).
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Abstract

The poplar and willow borer, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), known to be present in British Columbia since 1923, primarily attacks species of Salix L. (Salicaceae) and Populus L. (Salicaceae). Larvae bore into stems, causing them to break easily. The impact of the weevil has been rising in recent years because of the increasing importance of poplar and willow from both economic and ecological perspectives. We conducted a study at 45 locations in British Columbia to determine host use among native Salix spp. and the between- and within-tree dynamics of C. lapathi. There were 11 new host records, but the incidence of attack was similar among species. Attacked trees were larger in general and had more dead wood and stems, more adventitious branches per stem, more total breaks per stem, and more naturally caused breaks per stem than their attack-free neighbours. Breaks caused by C. lapathi tended to be slightly larger in diameter and lower on the stem than naturally caused breaks. Bases of stems were preferentially attacked, and C. lapathi selected large stems in which to oviposit. As large attack-free trees become less abundant, weevils apparently start to attack small-diameter stems. Although C. lapathi is adversely affecting the health of willows in British Columbia, there is no evidence that any Salix species is threatened by weevil-caused extinction.

Résumé

Le Charançon du saule, Cryptorhynchus lapathi (L.), dont la présence en Colombie-Britannique est connue depuis 1923, s’attaque surtout aux espèces de Salix L. (Salicaceae) et de Populus L. (Salicaceae). Les larves creusent des tunnels dans les tiges, ce qui les rend friables. L’impact de ce charançon a augmenté graduellement au cours de ces dernières années à cause de l’importance économique et écologique accrue des peupliers et des saules. Nous avons procédé à l’étude de 45 sites en Colombie-Britannique dan le but de déterminer l’utilisation des hôtes parmi les espèces indigènes de Salix et de comparer la dynamique de C. lapathi d’un arbre à l’autre et d’une partie à l’autre d’un même arbre. Nous avons reconnu 11 nouveaux hôtes, mais la fréquence des attaques s’est avérée semblable d’une espèce à l’autre. Les arbres attaqués sont généralement plus gros, comportent plus de bois mort et de tiges mortes, plus de branches adventices par tige, plus de fractures totales par tige et plus de fractures naturelles par tige que les arbres non attaqués. Les fractures attribuables à la présence de C. lapathi ont tendance à être de diamètre légèrement plus grand et sont placées plus bas sur la tige que les fractures naturelles. La base des tiges est la partie la plus attaquée et les femelles de C. lapathi choisissent des tiges d’une bonne taille pour pondre leurs oeufs. À mesure que les gros arbres non attaqués disparaissent, les charançons se mettent à attaquer des tiges de petit diamètre. En Colombie-Britannique, C. lapathi affecte la santé des saules, mais rien ne permet de croire que des espèces de Salix soient menacées d’extinction par la présence du charançon.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 133 , Issue 1 , February 2001 , pp. 119 - 130
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2001

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