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IDENTIFICATION OF AN AGGREGATION PHEROMONE FOR PITYOGENES HOPKINSI (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

G. Birgersson ,
M.J. Dalusky  and
C.W. Berisford
G. Birgersson
Affiliation:
Chemical Ecology, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
M.J. Dalusky
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States 30602
C.W. Berisford*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States 30602
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: berisford@bugs.ent.uga.edu).
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Abstract

The aggregation pheromone of Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine was identified; it is a three-component mixture, comprising chalcogran, cis-verbenol, and ethyl dodecanoate. Ethyl dodecanoate is new as a bark beetle pheromone component. Chemical analyses (GC–MS) were made on hindgut extracts from unmated and mated males and mated females collected in the field during colonization of Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae). Aerations from the naturally colonized logs were also analyzed to quantify the released amounts of the pheromone components, a necessary preliminary step to making up biologically relevant doses for field bioassay. Beetles reared from infested host material in the laboratory were introduced into logs of P. strobus, and the production and release of pheromone components in relation to attack phase and "mating status" were described. In general, unmated males increased their production of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate until females were admitted, after which production ceased. A field subtractive bioassay showed that chalcogran was the key pheromone component, synergized by different compounds for the two sexes. Females exhibited their strongest response to a mixture of chalcogran and ethyl dodecanoate, whereas cis-verbenol was the synergist for male response. Male-produced 1-hexanol had an inhibitory effect on male attraction to the aggregation-pheromone blend.

Résumé

La phéromone d’agrégation de Pityogenes hopkinsi Swaine a été identifiée; il s’agit d’un mélange de trois substances : le chalcogran, le cis-verbénol et le dodécanoate d’éthyle. Le dodécanoate d’éthy est nouveau comme composante de la phéromone de scolyte. Des analyses chimiques (GC–MS) ont été faites sur des extraits d’intestins postérieurs prélevés chez des mâles accouplés et des mâles non accouplés et chez des femelles accouplées capturées en nature durant la colonisation de Pinus strobus L. (Pinaceae). L’air provenant de billes colonisées naturellement a également été analysé pour évaluer la quantité de chacune des composantes de phéromone libérée afin de déterminer des doses appropriées à utiliser sur le terrain. Des scolytes issus de matériel infesté en laboratoire ont été mis en présence de billes de P. strobus et la production de phéromone de même que les taux d’émission de ses composantes ont été examinés en relation avec la phase d’attaque et le statut reproducteur. De façon générale, les mâles non accouplés augmentaient leur production de chalcogran et de dodécanoate d’éthyle jusqu’à l’arrivée de femelles, après quoi la production était interrompue. Une expérience soustractive en nature a démontré que le chalcogran est la composante essentielle de la phéromone, en synergie avec des composés différents chez les mâles et les femelles. Les femelles répondent au maximum au chalcogran en présence de dodécanoate d’éthyle, alors que le cis-verbénol est le synergiste chez les mâles. Le 1-hexanol émis par de mâles a un effet inhibiteur sur l’attirance des mâles vers le mélange de phéromones d’agrégation.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , December 2000 , pp. 951 - 963
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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