Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:32:46.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Introduced Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in the Maritime Provinces of Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Christopher G. Majka  and
Jan Klimaszewski
Christopher G. Majka*
Affiliation:
Nova Scotia Museum, 1747 Summer Street, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 3A6
Jan Klimaszewski
Affiliation:
Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1055 de P.E.P.S., P.O. Box 10380, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1V 4C7
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: c.majka@ns.sympatico.ca).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The fauna of introduced rove beetles (Staphylinidae) in the Maritime Provinces of Canada is surveyed. Seventy-nine species have now been recorded. Of these, 73 have been found in Nova Scotia, 29 on Prince Edward Island, and 54 in New Brunswick. Twenty-five species are newly recorded in Nova Scotia, 16 on Prince Edward Island, and 10 in New Brunswick, for a total of 51 new provincial records. Of these, 15 species, Tachinus corticinus Gravenhorst, Mycetoporus lepidus (Gravenhorst), Habrocerus capillaricornis (Gravenhorst), Aleochara (Xenochara) lanuginosa Gravenhorst, Gnypeta caerulea (C.R. Sahlberg), Atheta (Microdota) amicula (Stephens), Cordalia obscura (Gravenhorst), Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius), Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst), Coprophilus striatulus (Fabricius), Carpelimus subtilis (Erichson), Leptacinus intermedius Donisthorpe, Tasgius (Rayacheila) melanarius (Heer), Neobisnius villosulus (Stephens), and Philonthus discoideus (Gravenhorst), are newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces. Two of these, Atheta (Microdota) amicula and Carpelimus subtilis, are newly recorded in Canada. Leptacinus intermedius is removed from the faunal list of New Brunswick and Philhygra botanicarum Muona, a Holarctic species previously regarded as introduced in North America, is recorded for the first time in the Maritime Provinces. An examination of when species were first detected in the region reveals that, on average, it was substantially later than comparable dates for other, better known families of Coleoptera — an apparent indication of the comparative lack of attention this family has received. Some introduced species appear to be associated with the dry-ballast mechanism of introduction to the continent, while others are synanthropic and may have been inadvertently introduced in connection with agriculture, horticulture, or other processes associated with human activities. A substantial number are now established and well distributed, seemingly indicative of an early introduction into the region, the ability to successfully colonize a habitat and disperse within it, or a combination of these factors. Other species appear to be local in distribution, perhaps indicative of more recent introductions, more restricted ecological tolerances, a lesser ability to disperse, or a combination of these factors. These recent discoveries are discussed briefly in the context of the importance of taxonomic research and ongoing monitoring in order to detect and identify exotic species and monitor for new introductions and changes in existing native or introduced populations — all important in terms of assessing the risk of introductions to, and their impact on, native faunas and habitats.

Résumé

La faune des staphylins (Staphylinidae) introduits dans les Provinces Maritimes du Canada est étudiée. Soixante-dix-neuf espèces ont maintenant été enregistrées. Parmi celles-ci, 73 ont été trouvées en Nouvelle-Écosse, 29 à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, et 54 au Nouveau Brunswick. Vingt-cinq espèces sont de nouvelles mentions en Nouvelle-Écosse, 16 à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, et 10 au Nouveau Brunswick pour un total de 51 nouvelles mentions provinciales. Parmi celles-ci, 15 espèces, Tachinus corticinus Gravenhorst, Mycetoporus lepidus (Gravenhorst), Habrocerus capillaricornis (Gravenhorst), Aleochara (Xenochara) lanuginosa Gravenhorst, Gnypeta caerulea (C.R. Sahlberg), Atheta (Microdota) amicula (Stephens), Cordalia obscura (Gravenhorst), Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius), Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst), Coprophilus striatulus (Fabricius), Carpelimus subtilis (Erichson), Leptacinus intermedius Donisthorpe, Tasgius (Rayacheila) melanarius (Heer), Neobisnius villosulus (Stephens), and Philonthus discoideus (Gravenhorst), sont de nouvelles mentions pour les Provinces Maritimes. Deux, Atheta (Microdota) amicula et Carpelimus subtilis, sont nouvelle mention au Canada. Leptacinus intermedius est retirée de la liste faunique du Nouveau Brunswick et Philhygra botanicarum Muona, une espèce Holarctique autrefois considérée comme étant introduite en Amérique du Nord, est mentionnée pour la première fois dans les Provinces Maritimes. Une étude portant sur le moment de leur première observation dans la région révèle que, celle-ci était en moyenne substantiellement plus tardive que les dates comparables pour d’autres familles mieux connues de Coléoptères — une indication apparente d’un manque de considération pour cette famille. Quelques espèces semblent avoir été introduites en cale sèche alors que d’autres sont synanthropiques et pourraient avoir été introduites par inadvertance au moyen de l’agriculture, l’horticulture, ou d’autres procédés associés à l’activité humaine. Une population substancielle est maintenant établie et bien distribuée, indiquant selon toute apparence sois une introduction précoce dans la région, ou sois une habileté à coloniser des habitats efficacement et de s’y disperser, ou une combinaison de ces facteurs. D’autres espèces sont distribuées localement, indiquant peut-être une introduction plus récente, une tolérance écologique plus restreinte, une moins bonne habileté à se disperser, ou encore une combinaison de ces facteurs. Ces découvertes récentes sont brièvement discutées dans un contexte qui considère l’importance des recherches taxonomiques et d’une surveillance continue, de façon à pouvoir détecter et identifier les espèces exotiques, surveiller les nouvelles introductions et les changements dans les populations indigènes existantes ou introduites — tous important pour permettre d’évaluer les risques et les impacts des introductions sur la faune et les habitats d’origine.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 140 , Issue 1 , February 2008 , pp. 48 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. 2007. Fauna Europea: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae. Fauna Europaea version 1.3 [online]. Available from http://www.faunaeur.org [accessed 26 July 2007].Google Scholar
Assing, V., and Wunderle, P. 1995. A revision of the species of the subfamily Habrocerinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of the world. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 102(2): 307–359.Google Scholar
Bain, A. 1998. A seventeenth-century beetle fauna from colonial Boston. Historical Archeology, 32(3): 38–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bain, A. 1999. Archeoentomological and archeo-parasitological reconstructions at llot Huny (CeEt-110): new perspectives in historical archeology (1850–1900). Ph.D. thesis, University of Laval, Québec City, Quebec.Google Scholar
Bousquet, Y. 1992. Bembidion femoratum Sturm and Amara communis (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) new to North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 100: 503–509.Google Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1940. Notes on the American distribution of some species of Coleoptera common to the European and North American continents. The Canadian Entomologist, 72(4): 65–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1950. The extralimital distribution of some species of Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 82: 197–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W.J. 1967. Notes on the extralimital distribution of some species of Coleoptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 99(1): 85–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., and Stefanska, J. 1979. Chrzaszcze Coleoptera. Kusakowate – Staphylinidae. Part 1. Katalog fauny Polski, Section XXIII, Volume 6. pp. 1–310.Google Scholar
Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., and Stefanska, J. 1980. Chrzaszcze Coleoptera. Kusakowate – Staphylinidae. Part 2. Katalog fauny Polski, Section XXIII, Volume 7. pp. 1–272.Google Scholar
Burakowski, B., Mroczkowski, M., and Stefanska, J. 1981. Chrzaszcze Coleoptera. Kusakowate – Staphylinidae. Part 3: Aleocharinae. Katalog fauny Polski, Section XXIII, Volume 8. pp. 1–330.Google Scholar
Campbell, J.M. 1973. A revision of the genus Tachinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of North and Central America. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J.M. 1976. A revision of the genus Sepedophilus Gistel (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J.M. 1979. A revision of the genus Tachyporus Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of North and Central America. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada No. 109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J.M. 1988. New species and records of North American Tachinus Gravenhorst (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 120: 231–295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, J.M., and Davies, A. 1991. Family Staphylinidae: rove beetles. In Checklist of beetles of Canada and Alaska. Edited by Y. Bousquet. Publication 1861/E, Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario. pp. 86–124.Google Scholar
Casey, T.L. 1905. A revision of the American Paederini. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, 15: 17–248.Google Scholar
Chandler, D.S. 2001. University of New Hampshire insect and arachnid collections [online]. Available from http://insectcoll.unh.edu/ [accessed 26 July 2007].Google Scholar
Dearborn, R.G, and Donahue, C.P 1993. An annotated list of insects collected and recorded by the Maine Forest Service: order Coleoptera, beetles. Technical Report No. 32, Maine Forest Service, Augusta, Maine, United States of America.Google Scholar
Downie, N.M, and Arnett, R.H Jr., 1996. The beetles of northeastern North America. Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville, Florida.Google Scholar
Drugmand, D. 1989. Distribution et phenologie des Paderinae de Beligique (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Documents de Travail de l'Institut Royal des Science Naturelles de Beligique, 55: 1–52.Google Scholar
Evans, J.D 1899. List of Coleoptera from Halifax, N.S. The Canadian Entomologist, 31: 320–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evenhuis, N.L 2007. Abbreviations for insect and spider collections of the world [online]. Available from http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html [accessed 26 July 2007].Google Scholar
Fauvel, A. 1878. Les staphylinides de l'Amerique du Nord. Bulletin de la Societe Linneenne de Normandie, 3(2): 167–266.Google Scholar
Fowles, A.P 2004. Specialist Coleoptera of exposed riverine sediments (ERS) [online]. Available from http://thasos.users.btopenworld.com/ersqi.htm [accessed 21 September 2007].Google Scholar
Gouix, N., and Klimaszewski, J. 2007. Catalogue of aleocharine rove beetles of Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Pensoft, Sofia, Bulgaria.Google Scholar
Gusarov, V.I 2003. Revision of some types of North American aleocharines (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae), with synonymic notes. Zootaxa, 353: 1–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrington, W.H 1891. Notes on a few Canadian Rhyncophora. The Canadian Entomologist, 23: 21–27, 114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hatch, M.H 1953. The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part I: Introduction and Adephaga. University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, United Sates of America.Google Scholar
Herman, L.H 2001. Catalogue of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera): 1758 to the end of the second millennium. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History No. 265.Google Scholar
Hicks, E.A 1959. Checklist and bibliography on the occurrence of insects in birds' nests. Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, United Sates of America.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R 1985. A revision of the rove beetle tribe Falagriini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93: 913–1018.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R 1988. A new species of rove beetle, Autalia phricotrichosa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae) from Mexico, with a key to the New World species of Autalia. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 42(1): 87–93.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R 1990. First record of the Palearctic species Oxypoda opaca (Gravenhorst) from North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 97(4) [1989]: 448–454.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R 1995 a. Coprophilus striatulus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae): confirmation of establishment of a Palearctic oxyteline rove beetle in North America. Entomological News, 106: 15.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R 1995 b. Three Palearctic species of Rugilus Leach in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Paederinae): redescriptions, new synonymy, and new records. Insecta Mundi, 9(1–2): 69–80.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R, and Wheeler, A.G Jr., 1996 a. Adventive lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in the Canadian Maritime Provinces, with new eastern U.S. records of Harmonia quadripunctata. Entomological News, 107: 281–290.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R, and Wheeler, A.G Jr., 1996 b. Meligethes viridescens (F.) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) in Maine, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island: diagnosis, distribution, and bionomics of a Palearctic species new to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 98(2): 221–227.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R, and Wheeler, A.G Jr., 2000. Telmatophilus typhae (Fallen) (Coleoptera: Cryptophagidae), a Palearctic cattail specialist established in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102: 398–402.Google Scholar
Hoebeke, E.R, and Wheeler, A.G Jr., 2003. Sphaeroderma testaceum (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a Palearctic flea beetle new to North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 105: 990–994.Google Scholar
Horion, A.D 1967. Faunistik der mitteleuropäischen Käfer. Band XI: Staphylinidae. 3. Teil: Habrocetinae bis Aleocharinae (ohne Subtribus Athetae)1. P.C.W. Schmidt, Uberlingen-Bodensee, Germany.Google Scholar
Johnson, P.J 1990. Notes on the naturalization of two species of European Byrrhidae (Coleoptera) in North America. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 98: 434–440.Google Scholar
Jones, M. 1870. Nova Scotian Coleoptera: Part I. Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Natural Science, 2(3): 141–155.Google Scholar
Kirby, W.F 1837. Part the fourth and last. The insects. In Fauna boreali-Americana or the zoology of the northern parts of British America, containing descriptions of the objects of natural history collected on the late northern land expeditions, under the command of Captain Sir John Franklin, RN. Edited by J. Richardson. Fletcher, Norwich, England. pp. xxxix+325.Google Scholar
Klimaszewski, J. 1984. A revision of the genus Aleochara Gravenhorst of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 129: 1–211.Google Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Pelletier, G., Germain, C., Hébert, C., Humble, L.M, and Winchester, N.N 2001. Diversity of Placusa (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) in Canada, with descriptions of two new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 133: 1–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Pelletier, G., and Sweeney, J. 2002. Genus Tinotus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) from America north of Mexico: review of the types, distribution records, and key to species. The Canadian Entomologist, 134: 281–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Sweeney, J., Price, J., and Pelletier, G. 2005. Rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in red spruce stands, eastern Canada: diversity, abundance, and descriptions of new species. The Canadian Entomologist, 137: 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Pelletier, G., Germain, C., Work, T., and Hebert, C. 2006. Review of Oxypoda species in Canada and Alaska (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae): systematics, bionomics and distribution. The Canadian Entomologist, 138: 737–852.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klimaszewski, J., Assing, V., Majka, C.G, Pelletier, G., Webster, R.P, and Langor, D. 2007. Records of adventive aleocharine beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) found in Canada. The Canadian Entomologist, 139(1): 54–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LeConte, J.L 1863. New species of North American Coleoptera: Part I. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 6(167): 1–92.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C.H 1957. The faunal connections between Europe and North America. John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York, United States of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindroth, C.H 1963. The fauna history of Newfoundland illustrated by carabid beetles. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum No. 23.Google Scholar
Majka, C.G 2007. Quedius molochinus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) newly recorded in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109: 949–950.Google Scholar
Majka, C., and Klimaszewski, J. 2004. Phloeocharis subtilissima Mannerheim (Staphylinidae: Phloeocharinae) and Cephennium gallicum Ganglbauer (Scydmaenidae) new to North America: a case study in the introduction of exotic Coleoptera to the port of Halifax, with new records of other species. Zootaxa, 781: 1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G, and Ogden, J. 2006. Brachygluta abdominalis (Aubé) newly recorded in Canada (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with notes on other beach-drift beetles. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 108(4): 761–764.Google Scholar
Majka, C.G, and Smetana, A. 2007. New records of introduced species of Quedius Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from the Maritime Provinces of Canada. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 109: 427–434.Google Scholar
Majka, C.G, Klimaszewski, J., and Lauff, R.F 2006. New Coleoptera records from owl nests in Nova Scotia, Canada. Zootaxa, 1194: 33–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G, Anderson, R.S, and McCorquodale, D.B 2007 a. The weevils of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, II: new records from Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). The Canadian Entomologist, 139(3): 397–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Majka, C.G, Bousquet, Y., and Westby, S. 2007 b. The ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: review of collecting, new records, and observations on composition, zoogeography, and historical origins. Zootaxa, 1590: 1–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, I., and Legner, E.F 1975. A catalogue of the Staphylinidae of America North of Mexico (Coleoptera). University of California Division of Agricultural Sciences Special Publication No. 3015.Google Scholar
Muona, J. 1984. Review of Palearctic Aleocharinae also occurring in North America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 15(2): 227–231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muona, J. 1990. The Fennoscandian and Danish species of the genus Amischa Thompson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Entomologisk Tidskrift, 111: 17–24.Google Scholar
Newton, A.F 1987. Four Staphylinus (sensu lato) species new to North America, with notes on other introduced species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 41(4): 381–384.Google Scholar
Newton, A.F, Thayer, M.K, Ashe, J.S, and Chandler, D.S 2001. Staphylinidae Latreille, 1802. In American beetles. Volume 1: Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Edited by Arnett, R.H. Jr., and Thomas, M.C.. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America. pp. 272–418.Google Scholar
Notman, H. 1920. Coleoptera collected at Windsor, Broome Co., N.Y., 26 May to 5 June 1918, with notes and descriptions. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 28(2): 178–194.Google Scholar
Prévost, M.-A., and Bain, A. 2006. L'implantation d'une colonie terre-neuvienne au XVIIe siècle : l'apport des analyses archéobotanique et archéoentomologique. In La mesure du passé : contributions à la recherche en archéométrie (2000–2006). Edited by Bain, A., Chabot, J., and Moussette, M.. British Archaeological Reports. In press.Google Scholar
Pupedis, R.J 1997. Aquatic Insects of the West River and salt marshes of Connecticut. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Bulletin, 100: 162–177.Google Scholar
Puthz, V. 1975. Stenus clavicornis (Scop.) neu für Nordamerika. Entomologische Blatter für Biologie und Systematik der Käfer, 71: 124.Google Scholar
Seevers, C.H 1951. A revision of the North American and European staphylinid beetles of the subtribe Gyrophaenae (Aleocharinae, Bolitocharini). Fieldiana Zoology, 32(10): 659–762.Google Scholar
Sivasubramaniam, W., Wratten, S.D, and Klimaszewski, J. 1997. Species composition, abundance, and activity of predatory arthropods in carrot fields, Canterbury. New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 24: 205–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smetana, A. 1971. Revision of the tribe Quediini of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 79: i–vi, 1–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smetana, A. 1982. Revision of the subfamily Xantholininae of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 120: i–iv, 1–389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smetana, A. 1995. Rove beetles of the subtribe Philonthina of America north of Mexico (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) classification, phylogeny and taxonomic revision. Memoirs on Entomology International, 3: i–x, 1–946.Google Scholar
Smetana, A. 2004. Hydrophiloidea-Staphylinoidea. In Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. Volume 2. Edited by Lobl, I. and Smetana, A.. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark.Google Scholar
Wagner, J.A 1975. Review of the genera Euplectus, Pycnoplectus, Leptoplectus, and Acolonia (Coleoptera: Pselaphidae) including Nearctic species north of Mexico. Entomologica Americana, 49: 125–207.Google Scholar
Wheeler, A.G, and Hoebeke, E.R 1994. First records from the Canadian Maritime provinces of three European insects injurious to ornamental plants. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 96: 749–756.Google Scholar
Wright, B. 1989. The fauna of Sable Island. Nova Scotia Museum Curatorial Report, 68: 1–93.Google Scholar