Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-hvd4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T00:11:59.162Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE LIFE HISTORY AND BIOLOGY OF HYSSOPUS THYMUS (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE EUROPEAN PINE SHOOT MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) IN ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Paul D. Syme
Paul D. Syme
Affiliation:
Forest Research Laboratory, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A technique for rearing Hyssopus thymus is described by which easy observation of behaviour and development is possible. The life history and observations on paralysis, oviposition, host-feeding, and mating in this species are given. Complete development takes about 17 days at a constant temperature of 24 °C. Because H. thymus is common and widespread, shows no selection for attack at different tree crown levels, and has been responsible for up to 37% parasitism of overwintering Rhyacionia buoliana larvae, it is concluded that it is the most effective native parasite of R. buoliana in Ontario.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 103 , Issue 12 , December 1971 , pp. 1691 - 1696
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

DeBach, P. 1943. The importance of host-feeding by adult parasites in the reduction of host populations. J. econ. Ent. 36: 647–658.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edwards, R. L. 1954. The host-finding and oviposition behaviour of Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker) (Hym., Pteromalidae), a parasite of muscoid flies. Behaviour 7: 88–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1935. An apparent correlation between the feeding habits of certain pteromalids and the condition of their ovarian follicles. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 28: 438–444.Google Scholar
Friend, R. B. and Hicock, H. W.. 1936. Notes on the European pine shoot moth. J. econ. Ent. 29: 210–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friend, R. B., Plumb, G. H., and Hicock, H. W.. 1938. Notes on the European pine shoot moth in Connecticut. J. econ. Ent. 31: 506–513.Google Scholar
King, P. E., Askew, R. R., and Sanger, C.. 1969. The detection of parasitised hosts by males of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) and some possible implications. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. (A) 44: 85–90.Google Scholar
Kulman, H. M. 1966. Distribution of the European pine shoot moth, its parasites, and associated insects in red pine trees and stands. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 59: 34–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leius, K. 1961. Influence of food on fecundity and longevity of adults of Itoplectis conquisitor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Can. Ent. 93: 771–780.Google Scholar
Leius, K. 1967. Food sources and preferences of adults of a parasite, Scambus buolianae (Hym.: Ichn.), and their consequences. Can. Ent. 99: 865–871.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGugan, B. M. and Coppel, H. C.. 1962. A review of the biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Canada II. Biological control of forest insects, 1910–1958. Commonw. Inst. Biol. Control Tech. Commun. 2.Google Scholar
McLaine, L. S. 1926. A preliminary announcement of the outbreak of the European pine shoot moth. Rep. ent. Soc. Ont. 56: 71–72.Google Scholar
Miller, W. E. 1953. Biological notes on five hymenopterous parasites of pine bud and stem moths. Ohio. J. Sci. 53: 59–63.Google Scholar
Miller, W. E. 1959. Preliminary study of European pine shoot moth parasitism in lower Michigan. J. econ. Ent. 52: 768–769.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, V. C., Brothers, D. J., and Case, J. J.. 1969. Observations on the biology of Tetrastichus flavigaster Brothers and Moran (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), parasitic on psyllid nymphs (Homoptera). Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 12: 41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peck, O. 1963. A catalogue of the nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. Suppl. 30, 1092 pp.Google Scholar
Pointing, P. J. 1963. The biology and behaviour of the European pine shoot moth Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), in southern Ontario II. Eggs, Larva, and pupa. Can. Ent. 95: 844–863.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pointing, P. J. and Green, G. W.. 1962. A review of the history and biology of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae) in Ontario. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 92(1961): 58–69.Google Scholar
Pointing, P. J. and Miller, W. E.. 1967. European pine shoot moth, pp. 162–166. In Davidson, A. G., and Prentice, R. M. (Eds.), Important forest insects and diseases of mutual concern to Canada, the United States and Mexico. Can. Dep. For. Rural Dev. Publ. 1180.Google Scholar
Syme, P. D. 1970. Discrimination by Hyssopus thymus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) against Orgilus obscurator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an internal parasite of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Can. Ent. 102: 1523–1527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Syme, P. D. 1971. Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.), European pine shoot moth (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae), pp. 194–205. In Biological control programmes against insects and weeds in Canada 1959–1968. Tech. Commun. Commonw. Inst. biol. Control, No. 4.Google Scholar
Syme, P. D. and Bodley, C. L.. 1971. An electrical cauterizer for insect larvae. Can. Ent. 103: 1363–1964.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torgerson, T. R. and Coppel, H. C.. 1969. Parasites of Rhyacionia buoliana and their occurrence at different crown levels of red pine in Wisconsin. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 62: 163–169.Google Scholar
Watson, W. Y. and Arthur, A. P.. 1959. Parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) in Ontario. Can. Ent. 91: 478–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, M. J. D. 1954. Animal cytology and evolution, 2nd. ed. Cambridge Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Yates, H. O. III. 1967. Key to nearctic parasites of the genus Rhyacionia: with species annotations. SEast. For. Exp. Stn, Asheville, N.C., U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv.Google Scholar