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SEMIOCHEMICALS FROM THREE SPECIES OF PITYOPHTHORUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE): IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD RESPONSE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Paul L. Dallara ,
Steven J. Seybold ,
Holger Meyer ,
Till Tolasch ,
Wittko Francke  and
David L. Wood
Paul L. Dallara*
Affiliation:
Department of ESPM, Division of Insect Biology, 201 Wellman Hall, University of California, Berkeley, Califomia, Uinted States 94720
Steven J. Seybold
Affiliation:
Departments of Entomology and Forest Resources, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States 55108-6125
Holger Meyer
Affiliation:
Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitat Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany
Till Tolasch
Affiliation:
Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitat Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany
Wittko Francke
Affiliation:
Institut für Organische Chemie, Universitat Hamburg, D-2000 Hamburg, Germany
David L. Wood
Affiliation:
Department of ESPM, Division of lnsect Biology, 201 Wellman Hall, University of Califomia, Berkeley, California, United States 94720
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be sent at the following address: 2331 Willet Way, Pleasanton, California, United States 94566 (E-mail: dallr@worldnet.att.net).
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Abstract

Analyses of pentane extracts of frass, whole beetles, and volatiles trapped on Porapak-Q from Pityophthorus Eichhoff spp. fed on Pinus radiata D. Don demonstrated that (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-5-methyltetrahydrofuran] was produced by male Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, female Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim), and female Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin) [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-methyl-1,6-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane] was produced by male P. carmeli and male P. nitidulus. Only the (2R,5S)-(+) stereoisomer of (E)-pityol was produced by male P. carmeli and female P. setosus. In field bioassays in central coastal California, P. setosus was attracted to (E)-(+)-pityol, whereas P. carmeli responded only to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol. Male P. setosus and female P. carmeli responded to these treatments with larger numbers than opposite-sex conspecifics. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin alone did not attract species of Pityophthorus but significantly reduced catches of P. setosus to (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera: Colydiidae) and Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to a combination of (E)-(−)-conophthorin and (E)-(+)-pityol, and showed a trend for attraction to all (E)-(−)-conophthorin-containing treatments. (E)-(−)-Pityol was neither attractive nor interruptive for any taxon. (E)-(+)-Pityol is shown to be an aggregation pheromone component for P. carmeli and P. setosus. (E)-(−)-Conophthorin functions as a pheromone component for P. carmeli and may also function as a synomone that decreases competition of P. carmeli and P. nitidulus with P. setosus and as a kairomone for L. pertenuis. These semiochemicals have been useful in studying relationships among twig insects and the pathogen Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg and O’Donnell), causal agent of pitch canker disease in P. radiata.

Résumé

L’analyse d’extraits au pentane de chiures, de coléoptères entiers et de substances volatiles recueillies sur du Porapak-Q d’espèces de Pityophthorus Eichhoff nourries de Pinus radiata D Don a démontré que le (E)-pityol [2-(1-hydroxy-1-méthyléthyl)-5-méthylhédrahydrofurane] est produit par les mâles de Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, les femelles de Pityophthorus nitidulus (Mannerheim) et les femelles de Pityophthorus setosus Blackman. Le (E)-(−)-conophthorine [(5S,7S)-(−)-7-méthyl-1,6-dioxaspirol[4.5]décane] est produit par les mâles de P. carmeli et de P. nitidulus. Seul le stéréoisomère (2R,5S)-(+) du (E)-pityol est produit par les mâles de P. carmeli et les femelles de P. setosus. Au cours d’expériences sur le terrain le long du centre de la côte californienne, P. setosus était attiré par le (E)-(+)-pityol, alors que P. carmeli ne réagissait qu’à une combinaison de (E)-(−)-conophthorin et de (E)-(+)-pityol. Les mâles de P. setosus et les femelles de P. carmeli réagissaient aux traitements en plus grands nombres que les individus du sexe opposé de leur propre espèce. La (E)-(−)-conophthorine seule n’attirait pas les espèces de Pitiophthorus, mais a eu pour effet de diminuer fortement le nombre de P. setosus capturés au (E)-(+)-pityol. Lasconotus pertenuis Casey (Coleoptera : Colydiidae) et Ips mexicanus (Hopkins) (Coleoptera : Scolytidae) étaient attirés par une combinaison de (E)-(−)-conophtorine et de (E)-(+)-pityol et avaient également tendance à réagir à tous les traitements à base de (E)-(−)-conophtorine. Le (E)-(−)-pityol n’était ni attirant, ni inhibiteur, pour aucun des taxons. Le (E)-(+)-pityol est une composante de la phéromone qui attire P. carmeli et P. setosus. La (E)-(−)-conophthorine fonctionne comme composante d’une phéromone dans le cas de P. carmeli, mais joue aussi le rôle de synomone, dminuant la compétition entre P. carmeli et P. nitidulus d’une part et P. setosus d’autre part et sert également de kairomone pour L. pertenuis. Ces substances sémiochimiques se sont avérées très utiles dans l’étude des relations entre les insectes des rameaux et le pathogène Fusarium circinatum (Nirenberg et O’Donnell), responsable du chancre fusarien chez P. radiata.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , December 2000 , pp. 889 - 906
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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