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Supercooling points of diapausing forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) eggs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 March 2016

Johnny A. Uelmen ,
John G. Duman ,
Richard L. Lindroth ,
Ezra G. Schwartzberg  and
Kenneth F. Raffa
Johnny A. Uelmen*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
John G. Duman
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indianapolis, 46556, United States of America
Richard L. Lindroth
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
Ezra G. Schwartzberg
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America Adirondack Research, Saranac Lake, New York, 12983, United States of America
Kenneth F. Raffa
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author: (e-mail: uelmen@wisc.edu).
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Abstract

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner; Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) is a widely distributed defoliator that undergoes intermittent outbreaks. It overwinters as pharate larvae within egg bands, is univoltine, and experiences low winter temperatures in its northern range. Little is known about how low temperatures affect winter survival and cold tolerances, their cold tolerance strategy, or how cold tolerances may vary over time and among populations. We evaluated supercooling points (SCPs) from four populations of M. disstria eggs collected along a 552 km latitudinal gradient from southern Wisconsin to northern Minnesota, United States of America. To test for potential effects of winter environment, we also administered three overwintering regimes (Madison, Wisconsin; Cloquet, Minnesota; Ely, Minnesota). Supercooling points were recorded in November, February, and March of 2011–2012. Supercooling points varied with maternal source (egg band), time of winter season, population source, and overwintering treatment. Means ranged from −26.8 °C (±0.5 °C) to −40.3 °C (±0.3 °C), accordingly. In a separate laboratory experiment, 89% of pharate larvae held at −20 °C (18.3 °C above coolest mean SCP) survived, but none held at −45 °C (6.7 °C below lowest mean SCP) survived. This relatively high degree of cold tolerance in its overwintering stage, due to freeze avoidance, may partially explain survival patterns and limits of overwintering M. disstria in northern populations.

Type
Physiology, Biochemistry, Development, and Genetics
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 148 , Supplement 5 , October 2016 , pp. 512 - 519
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2016 

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Footnotes

Subject Editor: Jon Sweeney

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