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Twig beetles, Pityophthorus spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen in California

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 April 2012

Andrew J. Storer ,
David L. Wood  and
Thomas R. Gordon
Andrew J. Storer*
Affiliation:
School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States of America
David L. Wood
Affiliation:
Division of Insect Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States of America
Thomas R. Gordon
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States of America
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: storer@mtu.edu).
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Abstract

Twig beetles in the genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff are known to be associated with the pitch canker pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, in California. Phoresy of the pathogen on these species has been reported to occur when insects emerge from diseased branches and when they infest disease-free, cut branch tips. To demonstrate that twig beetles can vector the pathogen, studies of phoresy and transmission were conducted in a native Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), forest. Phoresy was confirmed for both Pityophthorus setosus Blackman and Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine, and P. setosus was shown to vector the pitch canker pathogen when contaminated with fungal spores and caged onto Monterey pine branches. When attractive baits were used to increase visitation to Monterey pines by P. setosus, baited trees were more likely to develop pitch canker than unbaited trees even though the beetles did not tunnel into the host to develop egg galleries. Therefore, twig beetles are competent as vectors of the pitch canker pathogen, and their vectoring activity, though requiring a wound, does not require that they establish egg galleries in the host.

Résumé

On sait que les scolytes du genre Pityophthorus Eichhoff sont associés à l'agent pathogène du chancre poisseux, Fusarium circinatum, en Californie. La littérature rapporte que la phorésie du pathogène sur les insectes a lieu lorsque les insectes émergent de branches affectées et lorsqu'ils infectent les bouts coupés de branches saines. Nous avons mené des études de la phorésie et de la transmission du pathogène dans une forêt indigène de pins de Monterey, Pinus radiata D. Don (Pinaceae), pour démontrer que les scolytes peuvent servir de vecteurs au pathogène. Nous confirmons la phorésie tant chez Pityophthorus setosus Blackman que chez Pityophthorus carmeli Swaine; P. setosus peut servir de vecteur de l'agent pathogène du chancre poisseux lorsqu'il est contaminé avec des spores du champignon et gardé dans des cages placées sur les branches du pin de Monterey. Lorsque nous utilisons des appâts pour augmenter les visites de P. setosus aux pins de Monterey, les arbres porteurs d'appâts sont plus susceptibles de développer l'infection au chancre poisseux que les arbres sans appât, même si les coléoptères ne creusent pas dans l'hôte pour y construire des galeries de ponte. Ces scolytes sont donc des vecteurs efficaces de l'agent pathogène du chancre poisseux et leur activité comme vecteurs exige la présence d'une blessure sur l'hôte, mais ne requiert pas qu'ils y creusent des galeries de ponte.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 136 , Issue 5 , October 2004 , pp. 685 - 693
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2004

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