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UTILIZATION OF WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ALARM PHEROMONE AS A PREY-FINDING KAIROMONE BY PREDATORS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C.R. Teerling ,
D.R. Gillespie  and
J.H. Borden
C.R. Teerling
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
D.R. Gillespie
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, Agassiz, British Columbia, Canada V0M 1A0
J.H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Abstract

The alarm pheromone of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), is present in the droplet of anal fluid produced by second-instar nymphs when attacked by predators. Because the anal droplet is used in defense against arthropod predators, it was hypothesized that the alarm pheromone (decyl acetate plus dodecyl acetate) acts as a defensive allomone. This hypothesis was refuted by the demonstration that two predators use the pheromone as a prey-finding kairomone. On a leaf arena, Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) increased its rate of turning in response to the pheromone, and spent 25% of its time within 5 mm of a pheromone source. When given a choice between connected leaf discs containing a pheromone- or solvent-treated wick, Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina: Phytoseiidae) spent a greater proportion of time on the pheromone-containing disc, suggesting an arrestment effect.

Résumé

La phéromone d’alerte du Thrips des petits fruits, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera : Thripidae), est présente dans la goutelette de fluide anal émise par les larves de deuxième stade lorsqu’elles sont attaquées par des prédateurs. Comme cette goutelette de fluide anal sert de mécanisme de défense contre les arthropodes prédateurs, on a conclu que la phéromone d’alerte (décylacétate plus dodécylacétate) servait d’allomone de défense. Cette hypothèse a été réfutée, car il est possible de démontrer que deux prédateurs utilisent la phéromone comme kaïromone pour localiser les proies : à la surface d’une feuille, Orius tristicolor White (Hemiptera : Anthocoridae) a augmenté sa fréquence de rotation en réaction à la phéromone et passé 25% de son temps à moins de 5 mm d’une source de phéromone. En présence de deux rondelles de feuille reliées, l’une contenant une mèche imbibée de phéromone et l’autre, une mèche imbibée de solvant, Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) (Acarina : Phytoseiidae) a passé une plus grande proportion de son temps sur le disque contenant de la phéromone, ce qui semble indiquer que celle-ci a un effet attirant.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 125 , Issue 3 , June 1993 , pp. 431 - 437
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1993

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