Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T19:48:39.409Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Questioning the role of lexical contrastiveness in phonological development: Converging evidence from perception and production studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2018

Yvan Rose  and
Sarah Blackmore
Yvan Rose*
Affiliation:
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Sarah Blackmore*
Affiliation:
University of Alberta
*
yrose@mun.ca
sarahablackmore@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In this article, we address relations between lexical and phonological development, with an emphasis on the notion of phonological contrast. We begin with an overview of the literature on word learning and on infant speech perception. Among other results, we report on studies showing that toddlers’ perceptual abilities do not correlate with the development of phonological contrasts within their lexicons. We then engage in a systematic comparison between the lexical development of two child learners of English and their acquisition of consonants in syllable onsets. We establish a developmental timeline for each child's onset consonant system, which we compare to the types of phonological contrasts that are present in their expressive vocabularies at each relevant milestone. Like the earlier studies, ours also fails to return tangible parallels between the two areas of development. The data instead suggest that patterns of phonological development are best described in terms of the segmental categories they involve, in relative independence from measures of contrastiveness within the learners’ lexicons.

Résumé

Dans cet article, nous examinons certaines relations entre le développement lexical et le développement phonologique, en mettant l'accent sur la notion de contraste phonologique. Nous débutons avec un survol de la littérature sur l'acquisition de mots et sur la perception de la parole chez les enfants. Entre autres résultats, nous mettons en évidence des études qui montrent que les aptitudes perceptuelles des enfants ne semblent pas correspondre avec l'acquisition de contrastes phonologiques au sein de leur lexique mental. Nous effectuons ensuite une comparaison systématique entre le développement lexical chez deux apprenants de l'anglais et leur acquisition des consonnes en attaque syllabique. Nous établissons une séquence développementale pour le système consonantique de chacun des enfants, que nous comparons aux types de contrastes phonologiques présents dans le vocabulaire d'expression des enfants à chacun des stades d'acquisition consonantique. À l'instar des études antérieures, notre étude ne permet d'établir aucun parallèle tangible entre ces deux domaines de développement. Les données suggèrent, au contraire, que les modèles de développement phonologique sont mieux décrits en fonction des catégories segmentales en cause, en relative indépendance de mesures de contrastes phonologiques au sein du lexique des apprenants.

Keywords

PhonologyphoneticslexiconacquisitioncontrastcategoryPhonologiephonétiquelexiqueacquisitioncontrastecatégorie
Type
Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 63 , Issue 4: Phonetic/phonological development and input characteristics in early lexical acquisition/Le développement phonétique/phonologique et les caractéristiques de l'apport linguistique dans l'acquisition lexicale précoce , December 2018 , pp. 580 - 608
Copyright
© Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We thank Barbara Davis, from the University of Texas, Austin, for her generous sharing of the production and CDI data we consider here. We are also grateful to Tania Zamuner for her tremendous feedback on previous versions of this work, as well as to three anonymous reviewers for their useful and constructive input. Finally, we thank Sophie Kern, Director of the Laboratoire Dynamique du Langage, who encouraged us to pursue this work, first explored in the context of the PREMS research project. All errors and omissions remain our own.

References

Ainsworth, Stephanie, Welbourne, Stephen, and Hesketh, Anne. 2016. Lexical restructuring in preliterate children: Evidence from novel measures of phonological representation. Applied Psycholinguistics 37(4): 997–1023. <doi:10.1017/S0142716415000338>..>Google Scholar
Almeida, Letícia. 2011. Acquisition de la structure syllabique en contexte de bilinguisme simultané portugais-français. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lisbon.Google Scholar
Bailey, Todd M., and Plunkett, Kim. 2002. Phonological specificity in early words. Cognitive Development 17(2): 1267–1284.Google Scholar
Barlow, Jessica A. 1997. A constraint-based account of syllable onsets: Evidence from developing systems. Doctoral dissertation, Indiana University.Google Scholar
Bernhardt, Barbara H., and Stemberger, Joseph P.. 1998. Handbook of phonological development from the perspective of constraint-based nonlinear phonology. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Blackmore, Sarah. 2016. Comparing lexical and phonological development: A longitudinal study of two child learners of English. MA thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.Google Scholar
Boomershine, Amanda, Hall, Kathleen Currie, Hume, Elizabeth, and Johnson, Keith. 2008. The impact of allophony vs. contrast on speech perception. In Contrast in phonology: Theory, perception, acquisition, ed. Peter Avery, J., Elan Dresher, B., and Rice, Keren, 145–172. The Hague: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Bowerman, Melissa. 1982. Starting to talk worse: Clues to language acquisition from children's late speech errors. In U-shaped Behavioral Growth, ed. Strauss, Sidney. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bradfield, Julian. 2014. Clicks, concurrency and Khoisan. Phonology 31(1): 1–49. <doi:10.1017/S0952675714000025>..>Google Scholar
Brown, Roger. 1973. A first language: The early stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chan, Kit Ying, and Vitevitch, Michael S.. 2015. The influence of neighborhood density on the recognition of Spanish-accented words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 41(1): 69–85. <doi:10.1037/a0038347>..>Google Scholar
Charles-Luce, Jan, and Luce, Paul A.. 1990. Similarity neighbourhoods of words in young children's lexicons. Journal of Child Language 17(1): 205–215.Google Scholar
Chomsky, Noam, and Halle, Morris. 1968. The sound pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Clements, George N., and Ridouane, Rachid. 2006. Quantal phonetics and distinctive features: A review. In Proceedings of the ISCA Tutorial and Research Workshop on Experimental Linguistics, ed. Botinis, Antonis, 17–24. Athens: University of Athens.Google Scholar
Coady, Jeffry A., and Aslin, Richard N.. 2003. Phonological neighbourhoods in the developing lexicon. Journal of Child Language 30(2): 441–469. <doi:10.1017/S0305000903005579>..>Google Scholar
Connine, Cynthia M., Titone, Debra, Deelman, Thomas, and Blasko, Dawn. 1997. Similarity mapping in spoken word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language 37(4): 463–480.Google Scholar
Courtney, Ellen H., and Saville-Troike, Muriel. 2002. Learning to construct verbs in Navajo and Quechua. Journal of Child Language 29(3): 623–654.Google Scholar
Cowper, Elizabeth, and Hall, Daniel Currie. 2014. Reductiō ad discrīmen: Where features come from. Nordlyd 41(2): 145–164.Google Scholar
Curtin, Suzanne, Byers-Heinlein, Krista, and Werker, Janet F.. 2011. Bilingual beginnings as a lens for theory development: PRIMIR in focus. Journal of Phonetics 39(4): 492–504.Google Scholar
Curtin, Suzanne, Mintz, Toben H., and Byrd, Dani. 2001. Coarticulatory cues enhance infants’ recognition of syllable sequences in speech. In Proceedings of the 25th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, ed. Anna H.-J. Do, Laura Domínguez, and Aimee Johansen, 190–201.Google Scholar
Curtin, Suzanne, and Zamuner, Tania S.. 2014. Understanding the developing sound system: Interactions between sounds and words. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 5(5): 589–602. <doi:10.1002/wcs.1307>..>Google Scholar
Davis, Barbara L., MacNeilage, Peter F., and Matyear, Christine L.. 2002. Acquisition of serial complexity in speech production: A comparison of phonetic and phonological approaches to first word production. Phonetica 59(2–3): 75–107.Google Scholar
Davis, Barbara L., and MacNeilage, Peter F.. 1995. The articulatory basis of babbling. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 38(6): 1199–1211.Google Scholar
Day, Kayla. 2014. Exploring phonological relationships between babbling and early word productions. M.A. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland.Google Scholar
Day, Kayla. 2015. Babbling as a potential predictor of difficulty in segmental acquisition. Poster presented at the International Child Phonology Conference, St. John's, NL, Canada.Google Scholar
Demuth, Katherine. 2007. The role of frequency in language acquisition. In Frequency effects in language acquisition, ed. Gülzow, Insa and Gagarina, Natalia, 528–538. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Dollaghan, Christine A. 1994. Children's phonological neighbourhoods: Half empty or half full? Journal of Child Language 21(2): 257–271.Google Scholar
Dresher, B. Elan. 2016. Contrast in phonology, 1867–1967: History and development. Annual Review of Linguistics 2(1): 53–73. <doi:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011415-040800>..>Google Scholar
Dunbar, Ewan, and Idsardi, William. to appear. The acquisition of phonological inventories. In The Oxford Handbook of Developmental Linguistics, ed. Lidz, Jeffrey, Snyder, William and Pater, Joe. <http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199601264-e-2>..>Google Scholar
Edwards, Jan, and Beckman, Mary E.. 2008. Some cross-linguistic evidence for modulation of implicational universals by language-specific frequency effects in phonological development. Language Learning and Development 4(2): 122–156. <doi:10.1080/15475440801922115>..>Google Scholar
van der Feest, Suzanne. 2007. Building a phonological lexicon: The acquisition of the Dutch voicing contrast in perception and production. Doctoral dissertation, Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen.Google Scholar
van der Feest, Suzanne V. H., and Fikkert, Paula. 2015. Building phonological lexical representations. Phonology 32(2): 207–239. <doi:http://dx.doi.org.qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/10.1017/S0952675715000135>..>Google Scholar
Fenson, Larry, Dale, Philip S., Reznick, Stephen, and Bates, Elizabeth. 1993. MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories: User's guide and technical manual w/test forms. San Diego, CA: Singular Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Fenson, Larry, Marchman, Virginia A., and Thal, Donna. 2007. MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: User's guide and technical manual. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Charles A., and Farwell, Carol B.. 1975. Words and sounds in early language acquisition. Language 51(2): 419–439.Google Scholar
Fikkert, Paula. 1994. On the acquisition of prosodic structure. HIL Dissertations in Linguistics 6. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.Google Scholar
Fikkert, Paula, and Levelt, Clara. 2008. How does place fall into place? The lexicon and emergent constraints in children's developing grammars. In Contrast in Phonology: Theory, Perception, Acquisition, ed. Peter, J. Avery, , Dresher, B. Elan. and Rice, Keren, 231–268. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Freitas, Maria João. 1997. Aquisição da estrutura silábica do Português Europeu [Acquisition of the syllable structure of European Portuguese]. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lisbon.Google Scholar
Goad, Heather, and Rose, Yvan. 2004. Input elaboration, head faithfulness and evidence for representation in the acquisition of left-edge clusters in West Germanic. In Constraints in Phonological Acquisition, ed. Kager, René, Pater, Joe, and Zonneveld, Wim, 109–157. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hall, Daniel Currie. 2014. On Substance in phonology. Proceedings of the 2014 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, ed. Teddiman, Laura. <http://cla-acl.ca/wp-content/uploads/Hall-2014.pdf>..>Google Scholar
Halle, Morris, and Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1959. Analysis by synthesis. In Proceedings of the Seminar on Speech Compression and Processing, ed. Wathen-Dunn, W. and Woods, L.E., Paper D7. USAF Cambridge Resource Center.Google Scholar
Halle, Morris, and Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1962. Speech recognition: A model and a program for research. IRE Transactions on Information Theory 8(2): 155–159.Google Scholar
Halle, Morris, and Stevens, Kenneth N.. 1979. Some reflections on the theoretical basis of phonetics. In Frontiers of Speech Communication Research, ed. Lindblom, Björn, Öhman, Sven E. G., and Fant, Gunnar, 335–349. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Heilmann, John, Weismer, Susan Ellis, Evans, Julia, and Hollar, Christine. 2005. Utility of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory in identifying language abilities of late-talking and typically developing toddlers. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14(1): 40–51.Google Scholar
Hollich, George, Jusczyk, Peter, and Luce, Paul A.. 2002. Lexical neighborhood effects in 17-month-old word learning. In Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, ed. Skarabela, Barbora, Fish, Sarah, and Do, Anna H.-J, 314–323. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Ingram, David. 1981. Procedures for the phonological analysis of children's language. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman. 1941. Kindersprache, Aphasie, und allgemeine Lautgesetze [Child language, aphasia, and phonological universals]. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman, Fant, Gunnar, and Halle, Morris. 1952. Preliminaries to speech analysis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Elizabeth K. 2016. Constructing a proto-lexicon: An integrative view of infant language development. Annual Review of Linguistics 2(1): 391–412. <doi:10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011415-040616>..>Google Scholar
Kehoe, Margaret. 2015. Lexical-phonological interactions in bilingual children. First Language 35(2): 93–125. <doi:10.1177/0142723715574398>..>Google Scholar
Kehoe, Margaret, and Lleó, Conxita. 2003. A phonological analysis of schwa in German first language acquisition. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 48(3–4): 289–327.Google Scholar
Keyser, Samuel Jay, and Stevens, Kenneth N.. 2006. Enhancement and overlap in the speech chain. Language 82(1): 33–63. <doi:10.1353/lan.2006.0051>..>Google Scholar
Kimenyi, Alexandre. 1979. Studies in Kinyarwanda and Bantu phonology. Edmonton, AB: Linguistic Research.Google Scholar
Leonard, Laurence B., Schwartz, Richard G., Morris, Barbara, and Chapman, Kathy. 1981. Factors influencing early lexical acquisition: Lexical orientation and phonological composition. Child Development 52(3): 882–887.Google Scholar
Levelt, Clara. 1994. On the acquisition of place. HIL Dissertations in Linguistics 8. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics.Google Scholar
Levelt, Clara C., Schiller, Niels O., and Levelt, Willem J.. 1999. The acquisition of syllable types. Language Acquisition 8(3): 237–264.Google Scholar
Levelt, Clara, and van Oostendorp, Marc. 2007. Feature co-occurrence constraints in L1 acquisition. In Linguistics in the Netherlands 2007, ed. Los, Bettelou and van Koppen, Marjo, 162–172. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Lin, Ying, and Mielke, Jeff. 2008. Discovering place and manner features: What can be learned from acoustic and articulatory data. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 14(1): 19.Google Scholar
Luce, Paul A., and Pisoni, David B.. 1998. Recognizing spoken words: The neighborhood activation model. Ear and Hearing 19(1): 1–36.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Sara. 2009. Contrast and similarity in consonant harmony processes. Doctoral dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Mackenzie, Sara. 2013. Laryngeal co-occurrence restrictions in Aymara: Contrastive representations and constraint interaction. Phonology 30(2): 297–345.Google Scholar
MacNeilage, Peter F., and Davis, Barbara L.. 1990a. Acquisition of speech production: Frames, then content. In Attention and performance XIII: Motor representation and control, ed. Jeannerod, Marc, 453–476. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
MacNeilage, Peter F., and Davis, Barbara L.. 1990b. Acquisition of speech production: The achievement of segmental independence. In Speech production and modeling, ed. Hardcastle, William J. and Marchal, Alain, 55–68. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
MacNeilage, Peter F., and Davis, Barbara L.. 2000. On the origin of internal structure of word Forms. Science 288: 527–531.Google Scholar
MacWhinney, Brian. 1978. The acquisition of morphophonology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Maye, Jessica, and Gerken, LouAnn. 2000. Learning phonemes without minimal pairs. In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, ed. Howell, Catherine S., Fish, Sarah A., and Keith-Lucas, Thea, 522–533. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Maye, Jessica, Werker, Janet F., and Gerken, LouAnn. 2002. Infant sensitivity to distributional information can affect phonetic discrimination. Cognition 82(3): B101–B111.Google Scholar
Byun, McAllister, Tara, Sharon Inkelas, and Rose, Yvan. 2016. The A-map model: Articulatory reliability in child-specific phonology. Language 92(1): 141–178.Google Scholar
McCune, Lorraine, and Vihman, Marilyn M.. 2001. Early phonetic and lexical development: A productivity approach. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44(3): 670–684.Google Scholar
Menn, Lise, Schmidt, Ellen, and Nicholas, Brent. 2009. Conspiracy and sabotage in the acquisition of phonology: Dense data undermine existing theories, provide scaffolding for a new one. Language Sciences 31(2–3): 285–304.Google Scholar
Menn, Lise, Schmidt, Ellen, and Nicholas, Brent. 2013. Challenges to theories, charges to a model: The linked-attractor model of phonological development. In The emergence of phonology: Whole-word approaches and cross-linguistic evidence, ed. Vihman, Marilyn M. and Keren-Portnoy, Tamar, 460–502. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Metsala, Jamie L. 1997. An examination of word frequency and neighborhood density in the development of spoken-word recognition. Memory and Cognition 25(1): 47–56. <doi:10.3758/BF03197284>..>Google Scholar
Metsala, Jamie L. 1999. Young children's phonological awareness and nonword repetition as a function of vocabulary development. Journal of Educational Psychology 91(1): 3–19.Google Scholar
Metsala, Jamie L., and Walley, Amanda C.. 1998. Spoken vocabulary growth and the segmental restructuring of lexical representations: Precursors to phonemic awareness and early reading ability. In Word Recognition in Beginning Literacy, ed. Metsala, Jamie L. and Ehri, Linnea C., 89–120. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Mielke, Jeff. 2008. The emergence of distinctive features. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Mielke, Jeff. 2011. Distinctive features. In The Blackwell companion to phonology, ed. Ewen, Colin J., Hume, Elizabeth, van Oostendorp, Marc, and Rice, Keren, 391–415. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Milberg, William, Blumstein, Sheila, and Dworetzky, Barbara. 1988. Phonological factors in lexical access: Evidence from an auditory lexical decision task. The Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society 26(4): 305–308.Google Scholar
Munson, Benjamin, Edwards, Jan, and Beckman, Mary E.. 2011. Phonological representations in language acquisition: Climbing the ladder of abstraction. In The Oxford handbook of laboratory phonology, ed. Cohn, Abigail C., Fougeron, Cécile, and Huffman, Marie K., 288–309. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Munson, Benjamin, Kurtz, Beth A., and Windsor, Jennifer. 2005. The influence of vocabulary size, phonotactic probability, and wordlikeness on nonword repetitions of children with and without specific language impairment. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48(5): 1033–1047.Google Scholar
Ota, Mitsuhiko, and Green, Sam J.. 2013. Input frequency and lexical variability in phonological development: A survival analysis of word-initial cluster production. Journal of Child Language 40(3): 539–566.Google Scholar
Pater, Joe. 1997. Minimal violation and phonological development. Language Acquisition 6(3): 201–253.Google Scholar
Paul, Rhea. 2007. Language disorders from infancy through adolescence: Assessment and intervention. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2003. Phonetic diversity, statistical learning, and acquisition of phonology. Language and Speech 46(2–3): 115–154.Google Scholar
Pierrehumbert, Janet B. 2016. Phonological representation: Beyond abstract versus episodic. Annual Review of Linguistics 2(1). <doi:10.1146/annurev-linguist-030514-125050>..>Google Scholar
Rescorla, Leslie, Ratner, Nan Bernstein, Jusczyk, Peter, and Jusczyk, Anne Marie. 2005. Concurrent validity of the language development survey: Associations with the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories: Words and Sentences. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 14(2): 156–163.Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan. 2000. Headedness and prosodic licensing in the L1 acquisition of phonology. Doctoral dissertation, McGill University. <doi:10.13140/2.1.1793.3608>..>Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan. 2009. Internal and external influences on child language productions. In Approaches to Phonological Complexity, ed. Pellegrino, François, Marsico, Egidio, Chitoran, Ioana, and Coupé, Christophe, 329–351. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan, and Brittain, Julie. 2011. Grammar matters: Evidence from phonological and morphological development in Northern East Cree. In Selected Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Generative Approaches to Language Acquisition North America (GALANA 2010), ed. Pirvulescu, Mihaela, Cuervo, María Cristina, Pérez-Leroux, Ana T., Steele, Jeffrey, and Strik, Nelleke, 193–208. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Proceedings Project.Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan, and Inkelas, Sharon. 2011. The interpretation of phonological patterns in first language acquisition. In The Blackwell companion to phonology, ed. Ewen, Colin J., Hume, Elizabeth, van Oostendorp, Marc, and Rice, Keren, 2414–2438. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan, and MacWhinney, Brian. 2014. The PhonBank project: Data and software-assisted methods for the study of phonology and phonological development. In The Oxford Handbook of Corpus Phonology, ed. Durand, Jacques, Gut, Ulrike, and Kristoffersen, Gjert, 380–401. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rose, Yvan, MacWhinney, Brian, Byrne, Rodrigue, Hedlund, Gregory, Maddocks, Keith, O'Brien, Philip, and Wareham, Todd. 2006. Introducing Phon: A software solution for the study of phonological acquisition. In Proceedings of the 30th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, ed. Bamman, David, Magnitskaia, Tatiana, and Zaller, Colleen, 489–500. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Saffran, Jenny R., and Estes, Katharine Graf. 2006. Mapping sound to meaning: Connections between learning about sounds and learning about words. In Advances in Child Development and Behavior, ed. Kail, Robert V., 1–38. New York: Elsevier.Google Scholar
dos Santos, Christophe. 2007. Développement phonologique en français langue maternelle: une étude de cas. Doctoral dissertation, Université Lumière Lyon 2.Google Scholar
Schwartz, Richard G., and Leonard, Larry B.. 1982. Do children pick and choose? An examination of phonological selection and avoidance. Journal of Child Language 9(2): 319–336.Google Scholar
Seidl, Amanda, and Cristia, Alejandrina. 2012. Infants’ learning of phonological status. Frontiers in Psychology 3: 10 pp. <doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00448>, <http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00448/abstract>.,+.>Google Scholar
Smit, Ann Bosma. 1993. Phonologic error distribution in the Iowa-Nebraska Articulation Norms Project: Consonant singletons. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 36(3): 533–547.Google Scholar
Smith, Neilson V. 1973. The acquisition of phonology: A case study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sosa, Anna V. 2013. Transitions to first words. In Comprehensive perspectives on speech sound development and disorders: Pathways from linguistic theory to clinical practice, ed. Peter, Beate and MacLeod, Andrea, 135–149. New York: Nova Publishers. <http://site.ebrary.com/id/10704287>..>Google Scholar
Sosa, Anna V., and Stoel-Gammon, Carol. 2012. Lexical and phonological effects in early word production. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 55(2): 596–608.Google Scholar
Sosa, Anna V., and Stoel-Gammon, Carol. 2006. Patterns of intra-word phonological variability during the second year of life. Journal of Child Language 33(1): 31–50. <doi:10.1017/S0305000905007166>..>Google Scholar
Spencer, Andrew. 1986. Towards a theory of phonological development. Lingua 68(1): 3–38.Google Scholar
Stamer, Melissa K., and Vitevitch, Michael S.. 2012. Phonological similarity influences word learning in adults learning Spanish as a foreign language. Bilingualism 15(3): 490–502. <doi:10.1017/S1366728911000216>..>Google Scholar
Stevens, Kenneth N., and Keyser, Samuel J.. 2010. Quantal theory, enhancement and overlap. Journal of Phonetics 38(1): 10–19.Google Scholar
Stoel-Gammon, Carol. 2011. Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children. Journal of Child Language 38(1): 1–34.Google Scholar
Stoel-Gammon, Carol, and Cooper, Judith A.. 1984. Patterns of early lexical and phonological development. Journal of Child Language 11(2): 247–271.Google Scholar
Stokes, Stephanie F. 2010. Neighborhood density and word frequency predict vocabulary size in toddlers. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 53(3): 670–683.Google Scholar
Stokes, Stephanie F., Kern, Sophie, and dos Santos, Christophe. 2011. Extended statistical learning as an account for slow vocabulary growth. Journal of Child Language 39(1): 105–129.Google Scholar
Stokes, Stephanie F., Klee, Thomas, Carson, Cecyle Perry, and Carson, David. 2005. A phonemic implicational feature hierarchy of phonological contrasts for English-speaking children. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 48(4): 817–833.Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2001. Learning new words: Phonotactic probability in language development. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 44(6): 1321–1337.Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2002. Restructuring of similarity neighbourhoods in the developing mental lexicon. Journal of Child Language 29(2): 251–274.Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2003. Learning new words II: Phonotactic probability in verb learning. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 46(6): 1312–1323.Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2004. Do children acquire dense neighborhoods? An investigation of similarity neighborhoods in lexical acquisition. Applied Psycholinguistics 25(2): 201–221. <doi:10.1017.S0142716404001109>..>Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2006. Do children still pick and choose? The relationship between phonological knowledge and lexical acquisition beyond 50 words. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics 20(7–8): 523–529.Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L. 2011. Differentiating word learning processes may yield new insights – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's “Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children.” Journal of Child Language 38(1): 51–55. <doi:10.1017/S0305000910000486>..>Google Scholar
Storkel, Holly L., Armbruster, Jonna, and Hogan, Tiffany P.. 2006. Differentiating phonotactic probability and neighborhood density in adult word learning. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 49(6): 1175–1192.Google Scholar
Swingley, Daniel. 2003. Phonetic detail in the developing lexicon. Language and Speech 46(2–3): 265–294.Google Scholar
Swingley, Daniel. 2005. 11-month-olds’ knowledge of how familiar words sound. Developmental Science 8(5): 432–443.Google Scholar
Swingley, Daniel. 2009. Onsets and codas in 1.5-year-olds’ word recognition. Journal of Memory and Language 60(2): 252–269.Google Scholar
Swingley, Daniel, Pinto, John P., and Fernald, Anne. 1999. Continuous processing in word recognition at 24 months. Cognition 71(2): 73–108.Google Scholar
Trubetzkoy, Nikolai. 1969. Principles of phonology. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
van ’t Veer, Burght Marius. 2015. Building a phonological inventory: feature co-occurrence constraints in acquisition. Utrecht: LOT.Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn M. 2014. Phonological development: The first two years. Second Edition. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn M., and Croft, William. 2007. Phonological development: Toward a “radical” templatic phonology. Linguistics 45(4): 683–725.Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn, Nakai, Satsuki, DePaolis, Rory A., and Hallé, Pierre. 2004. The role of accentual pattern in early lexical representation. Journal of Memory and Language 50(3): 336–353. <doi:10.1016/j.jml.2003.11.004>..>Google Scholar
Walley, Amanda C. 1993. The role of vocabulary development in children's spoken word recognition and segmentation ability. Developmental Review 13(3): 286–350. <doi:10.1006/drev.1993.1015>..>Google Scholar
Walley, Amanda C., Metsala, Jamie L., and Garlock, Victoria M.. 2003. Spoken vocabulary growth: Its role in the development of phoneme awareness and early reading ability. Reading and Writing 16(1–2): 5–20.Google Scholar
Werker, Janet F., and Curtin, Suzanne. 2005. PRIMIR: A developmental framework of infant speech processing. Language Learning and Development 1(2): 197–234.Google Scholar
White, Katherine S., and Morgan, James L.. 2008. Sub-segmental detail in early lexical representations. Journal of Memory and Language 59(1): 114–132. <doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.03.001>..>Google Scholar
Yamaguchi, Naomi. 2012. Détermination des parcours d'acquisition des sons du langage chez des enfants francophones à développement typique. Doctoral dissertation, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3.Google Scholar
Zamuner, Tania S. 2009. The structure and nature of phonological neighbourhoods in children's early lexicons. Journal of Child Language 36(1): 3–21.Google Scholar
Zamuner, Tania S. 2011. Stepping backwards in development: Integrating developmental speech perception with lexical and phonological development – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's “Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children.” Journal of Child Language 38(1): 56–60. <doi:10.1017/S0305000910000516>..>Google Scholar
Zamuner, Tania S. 2013. Perceptual evidence for young children's developing knowledge of phonotactic probabilities. Language Acquisition 20(3): 241–253. <doi:10.1080/10489223.2013.796951>..>Google Scholar
Zamuner, Tania S., Moore, Charlotte, and Desmeules-Trudel, Félix. 2016. Toddlers’ sensitivity to within-word coarticulation during spoken word recognition: Developmental differences in lexical competition. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 152: 136–148.Google Scholar
Zamuner, Tania S., Morin-Lessard, Elizabeth, and Bouchat-Laird, Natasha. 2015. Phonological patterns in the lexical development of Canadian French. In Unusual productions in phonology: Universals and language-specific considerations, ed. Yavaş, Mehmet, 28–48. New York: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar