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“So it's got three meanings dil dil:” Seductive ideophony and the sounds of Navajo poetry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2017

Anthony K. Webster
Anthony K. Webster*
Affiliation:
University of Texas at Austin
*
awebster@utexas.edu
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Abstract

This article engages questions about translation, phonological iconicity, and seductive ideophony. I begin by discussing the work of Paul Friedrich as it relates to questions of linguistic relativity and poetics and the qualities of music and myth that constitute poetry. I then present a poem written in Navajo by Rex Lee Jim and four translations of the poem. Three are from Navajo consultants and one of those translations will be, from a certain perspective, rather surprising. Namely, why does one consultant translate this poem as if it is composed of ideophones? The fourth translation is mine. I then work through the morphology of the poem in Navajo, saying something more about the translators and the process of translation. I then provide a transcript of a conversation I had with Blackhorse Mitchell about this poem. I use this to take up questions of phonological iconicity (punning) and the seductive quality of ideophony (the pole of music). I also place this poem within a context of the stick game in Navajo philosophy (the pole of myth). This leads, in the conclusion, to reflections about linguistic relativity, misunderstandings, sound, and poetics.

Résumé

Cet article soulève des questions sur la traduction, sur l'iconicité phonologique et sur la séduction de l'idéophonie. Je discute d'abord du travail de Paul Friedrich (1979, 1986 sur les questions de relativité linguistique et de poétique, et les qualités de la musique et du mythe qui constituent la poésie. Je présente ensuite un poème écrit en Navajo par Rex Lee Jim, et quatre traductions du poème, dont trois faites par des consultants navajo. L'une de ces trois sera, d'un certain point de vue, assez surprenante : pourquoi le consultant a-t-il traduit le poème comme s'il était composé d'idéophones? La quatrième traduction est de moi. J'analyse la morphologie du poème en Navajo, avec des commentaires au sujet des traducteurs et du processus de traduction. Je fournis ensuite la transcription d'une conversation que j'ai eue au sujet de ce poème avec Blackhorse Mitchell. Cette conversation me permet d'aborder des questions d'iconicité phonologique (calembours) et de la séduction qu'exerce l'idéophonie (le pôle de la musique). Je situe le poème dans le contexte du jeu de bâton dans la philosophie navajo (le pôle du mythe). Cela mène, en conclusion, à des réflexions sur la relativité linguistique, les malentendus, le son et la poétique.

Keywords

ideophonyNavajopoetryiconicitylinguistic relativitypunningidéophonieNavajopoésieiconicitérelativité linguistiquejeux de mots
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 62 , Issue 2: Structuring sensory imagery: Ideophones across languages and cultures/La structuration de l'imagerie sensorielle : les idéophones dans diverses langues et cultures , June 2017 , pp. 173 - 195
Copyright
© Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2017 

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Footnotes

This article is dedicated to the memory of Paul Friedrich. Portions of this paper were originally presented at the University of Rochester at the Structuring Sensory Images: Ideophones Across Languages & Cultures workshop in May, 2014. I thank all in attendance for useful comments and lively discussion about the topics broached here. Words fail to express what a delightful and invigorating experience the workshop was. Thanks especially to Joyce McDonough and Joseph Majesky for their hospitality while I was in Rochester. Another version of this paper was presented at Yale University in March of 2015. I thank Dina Omar, Paul Kockelman and Joseph Errington for stimulating comments and discussion about that paper. I would especially like to thank Blackhorse Mitchell, Rex Lee Jim and the other Navajos I have worked with on questions of translation, punning, and poetry. This paper doesn't exist without them. Research on the Navajo Nation was conducted in 2000–2001 and again in the summers of 2007–2012. Funding was provided by Wenner-Gren, the Philips Fund of the American Philosophical Society, the Jacobs Fund of the Whatcom Museum, and a Faculty Seed Grant at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. I thank them all. I thank as well the reviewers for the Canadian Journal of Linguistics, and Solveiga Armoskaite and Päivi Koskinen for their work as editors of this special issue.

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