Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T12:43:25.663Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Word Order Universals: Refinements and Clarifications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Lyle Campbell ,
Vit Bubenik  and
Leslie Saxon
Lyle Campbell
Affiliation:
SUNY Albany
Vit Bubenik
Affiliation:
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Leslie Saxon
Affiliation:
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Studies of word-order universals have had great impact in modern linguistics, thanks to Greenberg’s (1963) work and to Hawkins’s (1983) refinements. Greenberg’s conclusions were based on a sample of 30 languages “for more detailed information” and 142 languages “for certain limited cooccurrences of basic word order” (Hawkins 1983:xi; cf. Greenberg 1963:74–75). Hawkins expanded the 142 “to some 350 languages”, and for “between one-third and one-half of these supplementary data have been collected of the type that Greenberg listed in his 30-language sample” (Hawkins 1983:xi-xii). Hawkins proposed extensive revisions in Greenberg’s universals based on this expanded sample.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 33 , Issue 3 , September 1988 , pp. 209 - 230
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aitchison, Jean 1979 The Order of Word Order Change. Transactions of the Philosophical Society 79:43–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bach, Emmon 1965 On Some Recurrent Types of Transformations. Pp. 3–18 in 16th Annual Roundtable Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. Kneedler, C.W., ed. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Boyle, J.A. 1966 Grammar of Modern Persian. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Brandenstein, Wilhelm, and Mayrhofer, Manfred 1964 Handbuch des Altpersischen. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle 1978 Distant Genetic Relationship and Diffusion: A Mesoamerican Perspective. Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists 52:595–605. Paris.Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle 1980 Explaining Universals and Their Exceptions. Pp. 17–26 in Papers from the Fourth International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, LaBrum, Rebecca, and Shepherd, Susan, eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Campbell, Lyle, Kaufman, Terrence, and Smith-Stark, Thomas 1986 Mesoamerica as a Linguistic Area. Language 62:530–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chomsky, Noam 1981 Lectures on Government and Binding. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Chung, Sandra 1982 Unbounded Dependencies in Chamorro Grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 13:39–77.Google Scholar
Chung, Sandra 1983 The EPC and Government in Chamorro. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 1:207–244.Google Scholar
Chung, Sandra, and Seiter, William J. 1980 The History of Raising and Relativization in Polynesian. Language 56:622–638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Marcel 1970 Traité de la langue amharique. Paris: Institute d’ethnologie.Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard 1981 Language Universals and Linguistic Typology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Craig, Colette 1977 The Structure of Jacaltec. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Dawkins, R.M. 1916 Modern Greek in Asia Minor: A Study of the Dialects of Silli, Cappadocia, and Phárasa, with Grammar, Texts, Translations and Glossary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Day, Christopher 1973 The Jacaltec Language. Indiana University Publications, Language Science Monograph 12. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C. 1981 A Diachronic Explanation for the Origin of OVS in Some Carib Languages. Journal of Linguistics 17:209–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derbyshire, Desmond C., and Pullum, Geoffrey K. 1981 Object-Initial Languages. International Journal of American Linguistics 47:192–214.Google Scholar
Diakonoff, Igor. M. 1965 Semito-Hamitic. Moscow: Nauka.Google Scholar
Elliot, Raymond, and Elliot, Helen 1966 Ixil. Pp. 179–200 in Lenguas de Guatemala. Mayers, Marvin, ed. Seminario de Integración Social Guatemalateca, 20. Guatemala: Editorial José de Pineda Ibarra.Google Scholar
England, Nora C. 1983 A Grammar of Mam, a Mayan Language. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Falkenstein, Adam 1949– Grammatik der Sprache Gudeas von Lagaš. Rome: Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. [1949-1950].Google Scholar
Friedrich, Paul 1975 Proto-Indo-European Syntax. Journal of Indo-European Studies, Monograph 1. Butte: Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology.Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy 1984 Syntax: A Functional-Typological Introduction, Vol I. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1963 Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements. Pp. 73–113 in Universals of Language. Greenberg, Joseph H., ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph H. 1980 Circumfixes and Typological Change. Pp. 233–241 in Papers from the 4th International Conference on Historical Linguistics. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs, LaBrum, Rebecca, and Shepherd, Susan, eds. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Hale, Kenneth, Jeanne, LaVerne, and Platero, Paul 1977 Three Cases of Overgeneralization. Pp. 379–416 in Formal Syntax. Culicover, Peter, Wasow, Thomas, and Akmajian, Adrian, eds. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Harris, Alice C. 1985 Diachronic Syntax: The Kartvelian Case. (Syntax and Semantics, 18.) New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Harris, Martin B. 1984 On the Causes of Word Order Change. Lingua 63:175–204.Google Scholar
Harrison, Roy, Harrison, Margaret, and García, H. Cástulo 1981 Diccionario Zoque de Copainalá. Serie de Diccionarios de Lenguas Indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”, 23. Mexico: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano.Google Scholar
Hawkins, John A. 1983 Word Order Universals. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Hawkins, John A. 1985 Complementary Methods in Universal Grammar: Reply to Coopmans. Language 61:569–588.Google Scholar
Hetzron, Robert 1972 Ethiopian Semitic. Manchester: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Hetzron, Robert 1980 On Word Order and Morpheme Order. Pp. 175–179 in Wege zur Universalien Forschung: Sprachwissenschaftliche Beiträge zum 60. Geburtstag von Hansjakob Seiler. Brettschneider, Gunter, and Lehmann, Christian, eds. Tübingen: Gunter Narr.Google Scholar
Hoffling, Charles A. 1984 On Proto-Yucatecan Word Order. Journal of Mayan Linguistics 4:35–64.Google Scholar
Hoijer, Harry 1946 Tonkawa. Pp. 289–311 in Linguistic Structures of Native America. Osgoode, Cornelius ed. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 6. New York: The Viking Fund, Inc.Google Scholar
Hoijer, Harry 1972 Tonkawa Texts. University of California Publications in Linguistics, 73. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hopper, Paul J., and Thompson, Sandra A. 1980 Transitivity in Grammar and Discourse. Language 56:251–299.Google Scholar
Horcasitas, Fernando, and De Ford, Sara O. 1979 Los Cuentos en Náhuatl de Doña Luz Jiménez. Instituto de Investigaciones Antropológicas, Serie Antropólogica, 27. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Google Scholar
Hudson, Grover 1972 Why Amharic is not a VSO Language. Studies in African Linguistics 3:127–165.Google Scholar
Keller, Kathryn 1968 Chontal (Maya). Mayan Vocabulary Survey. Ms.Google Scholar
Kesisoglou, I.I. 1951 To Glossiko Idioma Tou Oulagats. Athens: L’Institut Français d’Athènes.Google Scholar
Langacker, Ronald W. 1977 An Overview of Uto-Aztecan Grammar. Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar, Vol. 1. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of Texas at Arlington Press.Google Scholar
Leslau, Wolf 1945 The Influence of Cushitic on the Semitic Languages of Ethiopia: A Problem of Substratum. Word 1:59–82.Google Scholar
Leslau, Wolf 1952 The Influence of Sidamo on the Ethiopic Languages of Gurage. Language 28:63–81.Google Scholar
McArthur, Harry, and McArthur, Helen 1966 Aguacateca. Pp. 201–236 in Lenguas de Guatemala. Mayers, Marvin, ed. Seminario de Integración Social Guatemalateca, 20. Guatemala: Editorial José de Pineda Ibarra.Google Scholar
Mallinson, Graham, and Blake, Barry J. 1981 Language Typology: Cross-Linguistic Studies in Syntax. North-Holland Linguistic Series, 46. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Mithun, Marianne 1988 Is Basic Word Order Universal? In Coherence and Grounding in Discourse. Tomlin, Russell, ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins [in press].Google Scholar
Mondloch, James L. 1978 Disambiguating Subjects and Objects in Quiché. Journal of Mayan Linguistics 1:3–19.Google Scholar
Moravcsik, Edith 1978 Language Contact. Pp. 93–123 in Universals of Human Language, 1: Method and Theory. Greenberg, Joseph, ed. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Oranskij, Yurij O. 1977 Les langues iraniennes. Paris: Klincksieck.Google Scholar
Payne, Doris L. 1985 Review of Word Order Universals , by Hawkins, John A.. Language 61:462–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rastorgueva, V.S. 1963 A Short Sketch of Tajik Grammar. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Raz, Shlomo 1983 Tigre Grammar and Texts. Malibu: Undena.Google Scholar
Romero-Figueroa, Andrés 1985 OSV as the Basic Order in Warao. Lingua 66:115–134.Google Scholar
Saxton, Dean 1982 Papago. Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar, Vol. 3. Arlington: Summer Institute of Linguistics, University of Arlington Press.Google Scholar
Saxton, Dean, and Saxton, Lucille 1969 Dictionary, Papago and Pima to English, English to Papago and Pima. Tucson: University of Arizona.Google Scholar
Shafeev, D.A. 1964 A Short Grammatical Outline of Pashto. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Smailus, Ortwin 1975 El Maya-Chontal de Acalán. Centro de Estudios Mayas, Cuaderno 9. Mexico: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.Google Scholar
Smith, Neil V. 1981 Consistency, Markedness and Language Change: On the Notion ‘Consistent Language’. Journal of Linguistics 17:39–54.Google Scholar
Tai, James H.-Y. 1976 On the Change from SVO to SOV in Chinese. Pp. 291–304 in Papers from the Parasession on Diachronic Syntax. Steever, Sanford B., Walker, Carol A., and Mufwene, Salikoko S., eds. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Trumpp, Ernst 1873 Grammar of the Pašto or Language of the Afghans. London: Allen.Google Scholar
Turner, Paul, and Turner, Shirley 1971 Chontal to Spanish-English, Spanish-Chontal Dictionary. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar
Vaquero, A. 1965 Idioma warao: morfología, sintaxis, literatura. Caracas: Estudios Venezolanos Indígenas.Google Scholar
Whorf, Benjamin Lee 1946 The Milpa Alta Dialect of Aztec, with Notes on the Classical and the Tepoztlán Dialects. Pp. 367–397 in Linguistic Structures of Native America. Osgood, Cornelius, ed. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 6. New York: The Viking Fund, Inc.Google Scholar
Yar-Shater, Ehsan 1969 A Grammar of Southern Tati Dialects. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Zepeda, Ofelia 1983 A Papago Grammar. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.Google Scholar