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α-B-Crystallin as a Tissue Marker of Epileptic Foci in Paediatric Resections

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Harvey B. Sarnat  and
Laura Flores-Sarnat
Harvey B. Sarnat*
Affiliation:
Departments of Paediatrics, Pathology (Neuropathology) and Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Laura Flores-Sarnat
Affiliation:
Departments of Paediatrics, Pathology (Neuropathology) and Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children’s Hospital and University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*
Alberta Children’s Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, Alberta, T3B 6A8, Canada Email: harvey.sarnat@albertahealthservices.ca
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Abstract

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Background:

We studied α-B-crystallin, a small heat shock chaperone protein upregulated by various “stresses”, as an immunocytochemical tissue marker of epileptic foci.

Methods:

We examined 45 resected brain tissues of epileptic patients, 16 months to 23 years. Postmortem brains of 2 epileptic children and 20 normal fetuses and neonates of 10-41 weeks gestation similarly were studied. Immunocytochemical demonstration of α-B-crystallin was supplemented by neuronal, glial and inflammatory cell markers and electron microscopy (EM) in surgical cases. Autopsy brain tissue of children without epilepsy or neurological disease served as controls.

Results:

In all resections, α-B-crystallin was overexpressed in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, including satellite cells adherent to neurons, and occasionally in neurons of neocortex, hippocampus and amygdala. In six cases, reactivity was most intense at or near the epileptic focus, with a diminishing gradient of intensity for 2-3 cm; similar focal expression was seen in autopsy cases. Presence or absence of histological structural lesions was independent of α-B-crystallin expression. Balloon cells and giant atypical cells in tuberous sclerosis were intensely reactive. Reactivity was present in DNETs. No correlation occurred with microglial activation, inflammation or gliosis; no ultrastructural alterations were seen. No expression was seen in fetal brains at any age.

Conclusions:

Immunoreactive α-B-crystallin is a reliable tissue marker of epileptic foci, regardless of presence or absence of structural lesions; at times it maps the extent of a focus.

Type
Original Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 36 , Issue 5 , September 2009 , pp. 566 - 574
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2009

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