Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T01:52:31.611Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Epilepsy Surgery in Childhood

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Valeria L. Muro  and
Mary B. Connolly
Valeria L. Muro
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Mary B. Connolly*
Affiliation:
Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
*
Division of Pediatric Neurology, K3-179, Ambulatory Care Building, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, 4480 Oak Street Vancouver, British Columbia, V6H 3V4, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Historically, epilepsy surgery has been considered a treatment of last resort. Advances in neuroimaging, particularly high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and functional neuroimaging, advances in neuroanesthesia and neurosurgery have all contributed to the development of safe and effective epilepsy surgery in infants and children. Furthermore, epilepsy surgery may prevent the chronic deleterious effects that uncontrolled epileptic seizures have on brain development. The main challenges that clinicians face are early identification of infants and children who have epilepsy which is amenable to epilepsy surgery, the timing of epilepsy surgery and the investigation of patients where no lesion is demonstrable on MRI. It is imperative that children be followed after epilepsy surgery to assess the long-term outcomes not only in relation to seizure control, but also to assess quality of life, psychoeducational achievement, and psychiatric co-morbidity.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Historiquement, la chirurgie de l'épilepsie était considérée comme un traitement de dernier recours. Les progrès en neuroimagerie, particulièrement les techniques d'imagerie par résonance magnétique de haute résolution (IRM) et la neuroimagerie fonctionnelle, les progrès en neuroanesthésie et en neurochirurgie ont contribué au développement de la chirurgie de l'épilepsie qui est maintenant sûre et efficace chez les nourrissons et les enfants. De plus, la chirurgie de l'épilepsie peut prévenir les effets chroniques délétères que certaines crises épileptiques non contrôlées ont sur le développement du cerveau. Le principal défi que les cliniciens rencontrent sont l'identification précoce des nourrissons et des enfants qui ont une épilepsie traitable chirurgicalement, le moment d'effectuer cette chirurgie et l'évaluation des patients chez qui l'IRM ne détecte pas de lésion. Il est essentiel que les enfants soient suivis après la chirurgie de l'épilepsie afin d'évaluer les résultats à long terme, non seulement quant au contrôle des crises, mais aussi pour évaluer la qualité de vie, le niveau psychoéducatif atteint et les comorbidités psychiatriques.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 39 , Issue S6 , November 2012 , pp. S35 - S39
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2012

References

1. Wiebe, S, Bellhouse, DR, Fallahay, C, Eliasziw, M. Burden of epilepsy: the Ontario Health Survey. Can J Neurol Sci. 1999 Nov;26(4):263–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. Berg, AT, Shinnar, S, Levy, SR, Testa, FM, Smith-Rapaport, S, Beckerman, B. Early development of intractable epilepsy in children: a prospective study. Neurology. 2001 Jun 12;56(11):1445–52.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3. Kwan, P, Brodie, MJ. Early identification of refractory epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2000 Feb 3;342(5):314–9.Google Scholar
4. Kwan, P, Arzimanoglou, A, Berg, AT, et al. Definition of drug resistant epilepsy: consensus proposal by the ad hoc Task Force of the ILAE Commission on Therapeutic Strategies. Epilepsia. 2010 Jun;51(6):1069–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Holmes, GL. Epilepsy in the developing brain: lessons from the laboratory and clinic. Epilepsia 1997 Jan;38(1):12–30.Google Scholar
6. Ben-Ari, Y, Holmes, GL. Effects of seizures on developmental processes in the immature brain. Lancet Neurol. 2006 Dec;5(12):1055–63.Google Scholar
7. Cross, JH, Jayakar, P, Nordli, D, et al. Proposed criteria for referral and evaluation of children for epilepsy surgery: recommendations of the Subcommission for Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery. Epilepsia 2006 Jun;47(6):952–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Cross, JH. Epilepsy surgery in children-no longer a last resort. Dev Med Child Neurol 2010 Feb;52(2):111–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9. Harvey, AS, Cross, JH, Shinnar, S, Mathern, BW. Defining the spectrum of international practice in pediatric epilepsy surgery patients. Epilepsia. 2008 Jan;49(1):146–55.Google Scholar
10. Snead, OC, 3rd. Surgical treatment of medically refractory epilepsy in childhood. Brain Dev. 2001 Jul;23(4):199–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11. Krynauw, RA. [Infantile hemiplegia and its treatment by hemispherectomy]. Sem Hop 1951 Apr 2;27(25):1091–7.Google ScholarPubMed
12. Villemure, JG, Rasmussen, T. Functional hemispherectomy in children. Neuropediatrics. 1993 Feb;24(1):53–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13. Smith, SJ, Andermann, F, Villemure, JG, Rasmussen, TB, Quesney, LF. Functional hemispherectomy: EEG findings, spiking from isolated brain postoperatively, and prediction of outcome. Neurology. 1991 Nov;41(11):1790–4.Google Scholar
14. Devlin, AM, Cross, JH, Harkness, W, et al. Clinical outcomes of hemispherectomy for epilepsy in childhood and adolescence. Brain. 2003 Mar;126(Pt 3):556–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15. Basheer, SN, Connolly, MB, Lautzenhiser, A, Sherman, EM, Hendson, G, Steinbok, P. Hemispheric surgery in children with refractory epilepsy: seizure outcome, complications, and adaptive function. Epilepsia. 2007 Jan;48(1):133–40.Google Scholar
16. Mohamed, AR, Freeman, JL, Maixner, W, Bailey, CA, Wrennall, JA, Harvey, AS. Temporoparietooccipital disconnection in children with intractable epilepsy. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2011 Jun;7(6): 660–70.Google Scholar
17. Sinclair, DB, Wheatley, M, Aronyk, K, et al. Pathology and neuroimaging in pediatric temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2001 Nov;35(5):239–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Thom, M, Mathern, GW, Cross, JH, Bertram, EH. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: How do we improve surgical outcome? Ann Neurol. Oct;68(4):424–34.Google Scholar
19. Madhavan, D, Schaffer, S, Yankovsky, A, et al. Surgical outcome in tuberous sclerosis complex: a multicenter survey. Epilepsia. 2007 Aug;48(8):1625–8.Google Scholar
20. Koh, S, Jayakar, P, Dunoyer, C, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: presurgical evaluation and outcome. Epilepsia. 2000 Sep;41(9):1206–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21. Tanriverdi, T, Olivier, A, Poulin, N, Andermann, F, Dubeau, F. Long-term seizure outcome after corpus callosotomy: a retrospective analysis of 95 patients. J Neurosurg. 2009 Feb;110(2):332–42.Google Scholar
22. Morrell, F, Whisler, WW, Bleck, TP. Multiple subpial transection: a new approach to the surgical treatment of focal epilepsy. J Neurosurg. 1989 Feb;70(2):231–9.Google Scholar
23. Spencer, SS, Schramm, J, Wyler, A, et al. Multiple subpial transection for intractable partial epilepsy: an international meta-analysis. Epilepsia. 2002 Feb;43(2):141–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Morrell, F, Whisler, WW, Smith, MC, et al. Landau-Kleffner syndrome. Treatment with subpial intracortical transection. Brain. 1995 Dec;118 (Pt 6):1529–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Berkovic, SF, Arzimanoglou, A, Kuzniecky, R, Harvey, AS, Palmini, A, Andermann, F. Hypothalamic hamartoma and seizures: a treatable epileptic encephalopathy. Epilepsia. 2003 Jul;44(7):969–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Harvey, AS, Freeman, JL. Epilepsy in hypothalamic hamartoma: clinical and EEG features. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007 Jun;14(2):60–4.Google Scholar
27. Danielsson, S, Viggedal, G, Steffenburg, S, Rydenhag, B, Gillberg, C, Olsson, I. Psychopathology, psychosocial functioning, and IQ before and after epilepsy surgery in children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 2009 Feb;14(2):330–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28. Gaillard, WD, Cross, JH, Duncan, JS, Stefan, H, Theodore, WH. Epilepsy imaging study guideline criteria: commentary on diagnostic testing study guidelines and practice parameters. Epilepsia. 2011 Sep;52(9):1750–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29. Bernasconi, A, Bernasconi, N, Bernhardt, BC, Schrader, D. Advances in MRI for ‘cryptogenic’s epilepsies. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011 Feb;7(2):99–108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30. Seo, JH, Holland, K, Rose, D, et al. Multimodality imaging in the surgical treatment of children with nonlesional epilepsy. Neurology. 2011 Jan 4;76(1):41–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31. Minassian, BA, Otsubo, H, Weiss, S, Elliott, I, Rutka, JT, Snead, OC, 3rd. Magnetoencephalographic localization in pediatric epilepsy surgery: comparison with invasive intracranial electroencephalography. Ann Neurol. 1999 Oct;46(4):627–33.Google Scholar
32. Szaflarski, JP, Holland, SK, Schmithorst, VJ, Byars, AW. fMRI study of language lateralization in children and adults. Hum Brain Mapp. 2006 Mar;27(3):202–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33. Yuan, W, Szaflarski, JP, Schmithorst, VJ, et al. fMRI shows atypical language lateralization in pediatric epilepsy patients. Epilepsia. 2006 Mar;47(3):593–600.Google Scholar
34. Zijlmans, M, Jiruska, P, Zelmann, R, Leijten, FS, Jefferys, JG, Gotman, J. High-frequency oscillations as a new biomarker in epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2012 Feb;71(2):169–78.Google Scholar
35. Steinbok, P, Gan, PY, Connolly, MB, et al. Epilepsy surgery in the first 3 years of life: a Canadian survey. Epilepsia. 2009 Jun;50(6):1442–9.Google Scholar
36. Dunkley, C, Kung, J, Scott, RC, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children under 3 years. Epilepsy Res. 2010 Feb;93(2-3):96–106.Google Scholar
37. Zeng, LH, Rensing, NR, Wong, M. Developing Antiepileptogenic Drugs for Acquired Epilepsy: Targeting the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Pathway. Mol Cell Pharmacol. 2009 Jan 1;1(3):124–9.Google Scholar
38. Wong, M, Crino, PB. mTOR and Epileptogenesis in Developmental Brain Malformations.Google Scholar