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Fracture of Temporal Bone With Exsanguination: Pathology and Mechanism

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

M.S. Pollanen ,
J.H.N. Deck ,
B. Blenkinsop  and
E.M. Farkas
M.S. Pollanen
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto
J.H.N. Deck*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto Forensic Pathology Branch, Coroner’s Office, Toronto
B. Blenkinsop
Affiliation:
Forensic Pathology Branch, Coroner’s Office, Toronto
E.M. Farkas
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Toronto Hospital, Toronto
*
Department of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology, The Toronto Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 2S8
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Abstract:

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Eight cases of basal skull fracture with transverse fracture of the petrous temporal bone with medial extension to the internal carotid artery and lateral extension of the structures of the middle ear are described. Injuries in all cases were due to major blunt impact to the head usually occurring in a motor vehicle accident. General autopsy revealed major blood loss without any obvious external or internal site of hemorrhage suggesting that exsanguination was a complication of the head injury. The internal carotid arteries at the most medial extension of the fractures were lacerated or transected in all cases. In selected cases, the cervical internal carotid arteries were perfused and perfusate escaped rapidly from the ear(s) with the majority of fluid bypassing the cerebral venous system. Magnetic resonance image reconstruction of sequential sections of the fractured base of the skull confirmed the laceration of the internal carotid arteries and disruption of the middle ear. Based on this evidence, we propose that some displaced fractures of the base of the skull produce carotid-middle ear continuities which act as arterial shunts, resulting in rapid fatal exsanguination through the ear.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 19 , Issue 2 , May 1992 , pp. 196 - 200
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1992

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