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Mild to Moderate Early Exercise Promotes Recovery from Cerebral Ischemia in Rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Shi-Uk Lee ,
Dae-Yul Kim ,
Sung-Hye Park ,
Deok-Hyung Choi ,
Hee-Won Park  and
Tai Ryoon Han
Shi-Uk Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Sindaebang-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul
Dae-Yul Kim
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul Asan Medical Center, Songpa-Gu, Seoul
Sung-Hye Park
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Deok-Hyung Choi*
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Hee-Won Park
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
Tai Ryoon Han
Affiliation:
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongro-gu, Seoul, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
*
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul Asan Medical Center, 388-1, Pungnap-2dong, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
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Abstract

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Objective:

We examined the effects of various exercise intensities on recovery from middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

Methods:

First, we administered a 120-minute left MCAO to male Sprague-Dawley rats and randomly assigned them to one of four groups: no exercise (Group 1), mild exercise (Group 2), moderate exercise (Group 3), and severe exercise (Group 4). Then, we trained the rats for 30 min per day for one week or two weeks. We used a five-point neurological evaluation scale to measure neurological deficits 1-day, 4-days, 7-days, 10-days and 14-days after MCAO and measured infarct volume by use of 2% 2,3,4-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in exercised brains. We also performed immunohistochemistry analysis of the brain to observe reactive astrocytosis at the peri-infarct region.

Results:

Neurological examination indicated that Group 2 and 3 recovered better than Group 1 after one week and two weeks (p<0.05). Moreover, Group 2 and 3 had reduced brain infarct volume compared with Group 1 after one week (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between Group 4 and Group 1. The thickness of the peri-infarct astrocytosis was significantly reduced in Group 4 relative to Group 1 after one week. There was a significant negative correlation between the extent of reactive astrocytosis and neurological recovery (r= -0.648, p<0.01).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that mild to moderate exercise that begins soon after induced cerebral ischemia promotes recovery and that astrocytes may have an important role in the recovery process.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:Objectif :

Nous avons étudié les effets de différentes intensités d’exercice sur la récupération après une occlusion de l’artère cérébrale moyenne (OACM) chez des rats.

Méthodes :

Nous avons d’abord procédé à une OACM gauche de 120 minutes chez des rats Sprague-Dawley mâles et nous les avons répartis au hasard entre quatre groupes : aucun exercice (groupe 1); exercice léger (groupe 2); exercice modéré (groupe 3) et exercice intensif (groupe 4). Nous leur avons ensuite fait subir un entraînement de 30 minutes par jour pendant 1 ou 2 semaines. Nous avons utilisé une échelle d’évaluation neurologique en cinq points pour mesurer les déficits neurologiques 1, 4, 7, 10 et 14 jours après l’OACM et nous avons mesuré le volume de l’infarctus au moyen du chlorure de 2,3,4- triphényltétrazolium à 2%. Nous avons procédé à des analyses immunohistochimiques du cerveau pour étudier l’astrocytose réactionnelle dans la region entourant l’infarctus.

Résultats :

L’examen neurologique a montré que les groupes 2 et 3 avaient mieux récupéré que le groupe 1 après une semaine et deux semaines (p < 0,05). De plus, chez les rats des groupes 2 et 3, le volume de l’infarctus était moindre que celui des rats du groupe 1 après une semaine (p < 0,05). Il n’y avait pas de différences significatives entre le groupe 4 et le groupe 1. L’épaisseur de l’astrocytose dans la zone entourant l’infarctus était significativement moindre dans le groupe 4 par rapport au groupe 1 après une semaine. Il existait une corrélation négative significative entre l’importance de l’astrocytose et la récupération neurologique (r = -0,648; (p < 0,01).

Conclusion :

Cette étude démontre que l’exercice d’intensité légère à modérée, commencé tôt après une ischémie cérébrale provoquée, favorise la récupération et qu’il est possible que les astrocytes jouent un role important dans le processus de récupération.

Type
Original Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , July 2009 , pp. 443 - 449
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2009

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