Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T05:50:01.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neuronal Migration Disorders: A Contribution of Modern Neuroimaging to the Etiologic Diagnosis of Epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

André Palmini ,
Frederick Andermann ,
André Olivier ,
Donatella Tampieri ,
Yvon Robitaille ,
Denis Melanson  and
Romeo Ethier
André Palmini
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
Frederick Andermann*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
André Olivier
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
Donatella Tampieri
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
Yvon Robitaille
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
Denis Melanson
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
Romeo Ethier
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University and the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Montreal
*
Montreal Neurological Institute, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging enable the identification of neuronal migration disorders during life. Several specific syndromes have been identified and early diagnosis of previously unrecognized entities is now possible. We report 51 patients with imaging. Thirty-two had a single widespread cortical dysplastic lesion. Twenty-eight had focal corticectomies. From a pathological standpoint, these encompassed focal cortical dysplasia (14 cases) and forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis (10 cases). These two groups of patients were indistinguishable from the clinical and radiological standpoint. In only two was the MRI examination normal. In addition, there were 10 with bilateral perisylvian dysplasia, four with diffuse cortical dysplasia or the "double cortex" syndrome, three with hemimegalencephaly, one with megalencephaly, and one with nodular neuronal heterotopia. The electroclinical and imaging findings led to the development of specific surgical strategies for the alleviation of the intractable seizures in each of these radiologically-defined syndromes.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 18 , Issue S4 , November 1991 , pp. 580 - 587
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1991

References

REFERENCES

1.Commission for Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia 1985; 26: 268–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Merlis, J.Proposal for an international classification of the epilepsies. Epilepsia 1970; 11: 114–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Andermann, F, Olivier, A, Melanson, D, et al. Epilepsy due to focal cortical dysplasia with macrogyria and the forme fruste of tuberous sclerosis: A study of 15 patients. In: Wolf, P, Dam, M, Janz, D, Dreifuss, FE, eds. vol. 16. New York: Raven Press, 1987; 35–38.Google Scholar
4.Barkovitch, AJ, Chuang, SH, Norman, D.MR of neuronal migration anomalies. Am J Neuroradiol 1987; 8: 1009–1017.Google Scholar
5.Byrd, SE, Osborn, RE, Bohan, TP, et al. The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part 1. Lissencephaly and pachygyria. Pediatr Radiol 1989; 19: 151–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Byrd, SE, Osborn, RE, Bohan, TP, et al. The CT and MR evaluation of migrational disorders of the brain. Part II. Schizencephaly, heterotopia and polymicrogyria. Pediatr Radiol 1989; 19: 219–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Hayden, SA, Davis, KA, Stears, JC, et al. MR Imaging of heterotopic grey matter. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1987; 11: 878–879.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Kuzniecky, R, Berkovic, S, Andermann, F, et al. Focal cortical myoclonus and rolandic cortical dysplasia: Clarification by magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol 1988; 23: 317–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Marchai, G, Andermann, F, Tempieri, D, et al. Generalized cortical dysplasia manifested by diffusely thick cerebral cortex. Arch Neurol 1989; 46: 430–434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Barth, PG.Disorders of cerebral migration. Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 1–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Rakic, P.Defects of neuronal migration and the pathogenesis of cortical malformations. In: Boer, GJ, Feenstra, MGP, Mirmiran, M, et al., eds. Progress in Brain Research, vol. 73. Elsevier Science Publishers BV (Biomedical Division), 1988; 15–37.Google Scholar
12.Rakic, P.Specification of cerebral cortical areas. Science 1988; 241: 170–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Stewart, RM, Richman, DP, Caviness, VS Jr.Lissencephaly and pachygyria: An architectonic and topographical analysis. Acta Neuropath (Beri) 1975; 31: 1–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Crome, L.Pachygyria J Pathol Bact 1956; 71: 335–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Friede, RL.Dysplasias of cerebral cortex. In: Friede, RL, ed. Developmental Neuropathology, Wien: Springer-Verlag 1975; 297–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Jakob, H.Genetisch verschiedene Gruppen entwicklungsgestörter Gehirne. Z ges Neurol Psychiat 1936; 155: 1–39.Google Scholar
17.Jakob, H.Genetisch verschiedene Gruppen entwicklungsgestörter Gehirne. Z ges Neurol Psychiat 1938; 160: 615–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Jellinger, K., Rett, A.Agyria-Pachygyria (Lissencephaly syndrome). Neuropaediatrie 1976; 7: 66–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Matell, M.Ein Fall von Heterotopic der grauen Substanz in den beiden Hemispheren des Grophirns. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 1893; 25: 124–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Vogt, H, Astwaraturow, M.Uber angeborene Kleinhirnerkrankrungen mit Beiträgen zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Kleinhirns. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 1912; 49: 75–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Wiest, WD, Hallervorden, J.Migrationshemmungen in Groβ-und Kleinhirn. Dtsch Z Nervenheilk 1958; 178: 224–238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Barkovitch, AJ, Jackson, DE, Boyer, RS.Band heterotopias: A newly recognized neuronal migration anomaly. Radiology 1989; 171: 455–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Dobyns, WB.The neurogenetics of lissencephaly. In: Johnson, WG, ed. Neurogenetic Diseases. Neurologic Clinics, vol. 7. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company 1989; 89–105.Google Scholar
24.Dobyns, WB, Ledbetter, DH.Clinical manifestations and causal heterogeneity in isolated lissencephaly sequence. Am J Hum Genet 1989; 44: A44.Google Scholar
25.Kuzniecky, R, Andermann, F, Tampieri, D, et al. Bilateral central macrogyria: Epilepsy, pseudobulbar palsy, and mental retardation - A recognizable neuronal migration disorder. Ann Neurol 1989; 25: 547–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Gotman, J, Ives, JRZ, Gloor, P.Monitoring at the Montreal Neurological Institute. In: Gotman, J, Ives, JRZ, Gloor, P, eds. Long-term Monitoring in Epilepsy; Amsterdam: Elsevier 1985; 327–340.Google ScholarPubMed
27.Jones-Gotman, M.Commentary: Evaluation: testing hippocampal function. In: Engel, J Jr, ed. Surgical Treatment of the Epilepsies, New York: Raven Press; 1987: 203–211.Google Scholar
28.Milner, B.Psychological aspects of focal epilepsy and its neurosurgical management. In: Purpura, D, Penry, K, Walter, R, eds. Neurosurgical management of the epilepsies. Advances in Neurology, vol. 8. New York: Raven Press, 1975; 299–321.Google Scholar
29.Taylor, DC, Falconer, MA, Bruton, CJ, et al. Focal dysplasia of the cerebral cortex in epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1971; 34: 369–387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Perot, P, Weir, B, Rasmussen, T.Tuberous sclerosis: Surgical therapy for seizures. Arch Neurol 1966; 15: 498–506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Graff-Radford, NR, Bosch, EP, Stears, JC, et al. Developmental Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome in identical twins. Ann Neurol 1986; 20: 632–635.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Ambrosetto, G, Tassinari, CA.Sleep-related focal motor seizures in bilateral central macrogyria. [Letter]. Ann Neurol 1990; 28: 841.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
33.Andermann, F, Kuzniecky, R, Tampieri, Get al. Sleep-related focal motor seizures in bilateral central macrogyria [Letter]. Ann Neurol 1990; 28: 841–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Becker, PS.Developmental Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome: Polymicrogyria or macrogyria? Ann Neurol 1990; 27: 693 (letter).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Kuzniecky, R, Andermann, F, Fusco, L, et al. Corpus callosotomy in the management of the congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome. Epilepsia 1990; 31: 639.Google Scholar
36.Palmini, A, Andermann, E, Andermann, F.Familial congenital bilateral perisylvian syndrome: genetic determination of a localized neuronal migration disorder. Ann Neurol 1991 (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
37.Livingston, JH, Aicardi, J.Unusual MRI appearance of diffuse sub-cortical heterotopia or “double cortex” in two children. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 617–620.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Palmini, A, Andermann, F, Aicardi, J, et al. Diffuse cortical dysplasia or the “double cortex” syndrome: The clinical and epileptic spectrum in 10 patients. Neurology 1991, in press.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Evrard, P, Caviness, VS Jr, Prats-Vinas, J, Lyon, G.The mechanism of arrest of neuronal migration in the Zellweger malformation: An hypothesis based upon cytoarchitectonic analysis. Acta Neuropathol 1978; 41: 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Richman, DP, Stewart, RM, Hutchinson, JW, et al. Mechanical model of brain convolutional development. Science 1975; 189: 18–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Pinard, JM, Motte, J, Dulac, O.Subcortical laminar heterotopia with MRI “double cortex” image and lissencephaly in two families: A same genetic dominant origin? Ann Neurol 1991 (submitted for publication).Google Scholar
42.Townsend, J, Nielsen, S, Malamud, N.Unilateral megalencephaly: hamartoma or neoplasm? Neurology 1975; 25: 448–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
43.Vigevano, F, Bertini, E, Boldrini, R, et al. Hemimegalencephaly and intractable epilepsy: Benefits of hemispherectomy. Epilepsia 1989; 30: 833–843.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Palmini, A, Andermann, F, Olivier, A, et al. Focal neuronal migration disorders and intractable epilepsy: A study of 30 patients. Ann Neurol 1991, in press.Google ScholarPubMed
45.Palmini, A, Andermann, F, Olivier, A, et al. Focal neuronal migration disorders and intractable epilepsy: Results of surgical treatment. Ann Neurol 1991, in press.Google ScholarPubMed