Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T07:45:41.119Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Convergence liberalism and the problem of disagreement concerning public justification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Paul Billingham*
Affiliation:
Christ Church, University of Oxford, UK

Abstract

The ‘convergence conception’ of political liberalism has become increasingly popular in recent years. Steven Wall has shown that convergence liberals face a serious dilemma in responding to disagreement about whether laws are publicly justified. What I call the ‘conjunctive approach’ to such disagreement threatens anarchism, while the ‘non-conjunctive’ approach appears to render convergence liberalism internally inconsistent. This paper defends the non-conjunctive approach, which holds that the correct view of public justification should be followed even if some citizens do not consider enacted laws to be publicly justified. My argument sheds light on the fundamental structure of convergence liberalism.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Journal of Philosophy 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arneson, Richard. 2010. “Against Freedom of Conscience.” San Diego Law Review 47 (4): 10151040.Google Scholar
Arneson, Richard. 2014. “Rejecting the Order of Public Reason.” Philosophical Studies 170 (3): 537544. doi:10.1007/s11098-013-0268-6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billingham, Paul. 2016. “Convergence Justifications Within Political Liberalism: A Defence.” Res Publica 22 (2): 135153. doi:10.1007/s11158-015-9278-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Billingham, Paul. Forthcoming. “Review Essay: Consensus, Convergence, Restraint, and Religion.” Journal of Moral Philosophy.Google Scholar
Boettcher, James W. 2015. “Against the Asymmetric Convergence Model of Public Justification.” Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 18 (1): 191208. doi:10.1007/s10677-014-9519-7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Agostino, Fred. 2013. “The Orders of Public Reason.” Analytic Philosophy 54 (1): 129155. doi:10.1111/phib.12009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Agostino, Fred, and Gaus, Gerald. 1998. “Public Reason: Why, What and Can (and Should) it Be?” In Public Reason, edited by D’Agostino, Fred and Gaus, Gerald, xixxiii. Aldershot: Ashgate Dartmouth.Google Scholar
Eberle, Christopher J. 2005. “What Does Respect Require?” In Religion in the Liberal Polity, edited by Cuneo, Terence, 173194. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Enoch, David. 2013. “The Disorder of Public Reason.” Ethics 124 (1): 141176. doi:10.1086/671386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estlund, David. 2008. Democratic Authority: A Philosophical Framework. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 1996. Justificatory Liberalism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2010a. “On Two Critics of Justificatory Liberalism: A Response to Wall and Lister.” Politics, Philosophy & Economics 9 (2): 177212. doi:10.1177/1470594X09345678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2010b. “The Place of Religious Belief in Public Reason Liberalism.” In Multiculturalism and Moral Conflict, edited by Dimovia-Cookson, Maria and Stirk, Peter M.R., 1937. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2011. The Order of Public Reason: A Theory of Freedom and Morality in a Diverse and Bounded World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2012. “Sectarianism Without Perfection? Quong’s Political Liberalism.” Philosophy and Public Issues (New Series) 2 (1): 715.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2013a. “On the Appropriate Mode of Justifying a Public Moral Constitution.” The Harvard Review of Philosophy 19: 422. doi:10.5840/harvardreview2013191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2013b. “On Theorizing About Public Reason.” European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 9 (1): 6485.Google Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2015a. “On Dissing Public Reason: A Reply to Enoch.” Ethics 125 (4): 10781095. doi:10.1086/680904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald. 2015b. “Private and Public Conscience.” In Reason, Value, and Respect, edited by Timmons, Mark and Johnson, Robert N., 135156. New York: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199699575.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaus, Gerald, and Vallier, Kevin. 2009. “The Roles of Religious Conviction in a Publicly Justified Polity: The Implications of Convergence, Asymmetry and Political Institutions.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 35 (1–2): 5176. doi:10.1177/0191453708098754.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lister, Andrew. 2013. Public Reason and Political Community. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Quong, Jonathan. 2011. Liberalism Without Perfection. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rawls, John. 1974–1975. “The Independence of Moral Theory.” Proceedings and Addresses of the American Philosophical Association 48: 522. doi:10.2307/3129858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rawls, John. 2005. Political Liberalism. expanded ed. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Solum, Lawrence B. 1993. “Constructing an Ideal of Public Reason.” San Diego Law Review 30 (4): 729762.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anthony. Forthcoming. “Public Justification and the Reactive Attitudes.” Politics, Philosophy & Economics.Google Scholar
Tyndal, Jason. 2015. Moderate Idealization and Information Acquisition Responsibilities. Res Publica: Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11158-015-9295-9.Google Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. 2012. “Liberalism, Religion and Integrity.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 90 (1): 149165. doi:10.1080/00048402.2011.560612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. 2014a. Liberal Politics and Public Faith: Beyond Separation. Oxford: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. 2014b. On Jonathan Quong’s Sectarian Political Liberalism. Criminal Law and Philosophy: Advance online publication. doi:10.1007/s11572-014-9350-1.Google Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. 2016a. “In Defense of the Asymmetric Convergence Model of Public Justification: A Reply to Boettcher.” Ethical Theory & Moral Practice 19 (1): 255266. doi:10.1007/s10677-015-9605-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vallier, Kevin. 2016b. “Public Reason is Not Self-Defeating.” American Philosophical Quarterly 53 (4): 349363.Google Scholar
Wall, Steven. 2002. “Is Public Justification Self-Defeating?American Philosophical Quarterly 39 (4): 385394.Google Scholar
Wall, Steven. 2013a. “Public Reason and Moral Authoritarianism.” The Philosophical Quarterly 63 (250): 160169. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9213.2003.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wall, Steven. 2013b. “Political Morality and Constitutional Settlements.” Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy 16 (4): 481499. doi:10.1080/13698230.2013.810389.CrossRefGoogle Scholar