Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T05:23:31.641Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Attached Advocacy and the Rights of the Trans Child

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 June 2017

Kimberley Ens Manning*
Affiliation:
Concordia University
*
Department of Political Science, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd West, Montreal QC, H3G 1M8, email: Kimberley.Manning@concordia.ca

Abstract

Over the past five years transgender children and their parents have emerged as visible actors in public discussions about the rights of transgender people in Canada. In this article, I track the work of emotions in parent advocacy, showing how the enactment of filial (family) ties sheds new light on the gendered relationship between intimacy and political practice. I argue that an affective shift in parenting has opened up space for some cisgender parents to emerge as political actors in trans advocacy work. The affective politics of parent advocacy nonetheless operates through dominant frames of gendered, classed and racialized normativity, limiting both who can become a parent advocate and potentially narrowing the focus of the struggle.

Résumé

Au cours des cinq derniéres années, les enfants transgenres et leurs parents sont apparus comme des acteurs visibles dans les débats publics sur les droits des personnes transgenres au Canada. Dans cet article, je retrace le travail émotionnel que comporte la sensibilisation parentale en montrant comment le resserrement des liens filiaux (familiaux) apporte un éclairage nouveau sur la relation genrée entre intimité et pratique politique. Je soutiens qu'une évolution de la parentalité a ouvert un espace permettant á un nombre de parents cisgenres de s'affirmer comme des acteurs politiques dans le travail de sensibilisation trans'. La politique affective de la sensibilisation parentale fonctionne néanmoins au travers de modéles dominants de normativité de genre, de classe et de race, limitant á la fois le nombre de ceux qui peuvent se porter á la défense des parents et rétrécissant potentiellement l'objet du combat.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ahmed, Sara. 2004. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Airton, Lee and Meyer, Elizabeth J.. 2014. “Glossary of Terms.” In Supporting Transgender and Gender Creative Youth: Schools, Families, and Communities in Action, ed. Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Sansfaçon, Annie Pullen. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Anderssen, Erin. 2016. “Gender Identity Debate Swirls over CAMH Psychologist, Transgender Program.” The Globe and Mail (Toronto), Feb. 14, 2016.Google Scholar
Baldez, Lisa. 2003. “Women's Movements and Democratic Transition in Chile, Brazil, East Germany, and Poland.” Comparative Politics 35 (3): 253–72.Google Scholar
Beal, Frances M. 1969. Black women's manifesto; double jeopardy: To be black and female. New York: Third World Women's Alliance.Google Scholar
Berlant, Lauren. 1998. “Intimacy: A special issue.” Critical Inquiry 24: 281–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blair-Loy, Mary. 2003. Competing devotions: Career and family among women executives. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, Pierre, trans, Nice, Richard. 1977. Outline of a Theory of Practice. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Broad, Kendal L. 2002. “Social Movement Selves.” Sociological Perspectives 45 (3): 317–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broad, Kendal L. 2011. “Coming out for Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesbians and Gays: From Support Group Grieving to Love Advocacy.” Sexualities 14 (4): 399415.Google Scholar
Broad, Kendal L., Crawley, Sara L. and Foley, Lara. 2004. “Doing “Real” Family Values: The Interprative Practice of “Families” in the GLBT Movement.” The Sociological Quarterly 45 (3): 509–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bryant, Karl. 2006. “Making Gender Identity Disorder of Childhood: Historical Lessons for Contemporary Debates.” Sexuality Research & Social Policy 3 (3): 2339.Google Scholar
Burgos, Dale. 2017 “2016: A Burgos Overview.” http://www.pilipino-express.ca/features-sp-1157189368/a-bit-of-burgos.html (March 2, 2017).Google Scholar
Butz, David and Besio, Kathryn. 2009. “Autoethnography.” Geography Compass 3 (5): 1660–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, Paula. 2000. Don't Blame Mother: Mending the Mother-Daughter Relationship. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Caplan, Paula, and Hall-McCorquodale, Ian. 1985. “Mother-Blaming in Major Clinical Journals.” American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 55 (3): 345–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Canadian Association of Social Workers. 2015. “Joint Statement on the Affirmation of Gender Diverse Children and Youth.” http://www.casw-acts.ca/en/joint-statement-affirmation-gender-diverse-children-and-youth (May 16, 2015).Google Scholar
Dauda, Carol L. 2010. “Sex, gender, and generation: Age of consent and moral regulation in Canada.” Politics & Policy 38 (6), 1159–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, Deborah B. 2009. Moving Politics: Emotion and Act Up's Fight against Aids. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hays, Sharon. 1996. The Cultural Contradictions of Motherhood. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hellen, Mark. 2009. “Transgender Children in Schools.” Liminalis: Journal for sex/gender emancipation and resistance: 8199.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Arlie Russell. 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Irving, Dan and Raj, Rupert, eds. 2014. Trans Activism in Canada: A Reader. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J.L. and Best, Amy L.. 2012. “Radical Normals: The Moral Career of Straight Parents as Public Advocates for Their Gay Children.” Symbolic Interaction 35 (3) : 321–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, Susan L. and Benson, Kristen. E. 2014. “‘It's Always the Mother's Fault’: Secondary Stigma of Mothering a Transgender Child.” Journal of GLBT Family Studies (10): 12.Google Scholar
Kuvalanka, Katherine A., Weiner, Judith L. and Mahan, Derek. 2014. “Child, Family, and Community Transformations: Findings from Interviews with Mothers of Transgender Girls.” Journal of GLBT Family Studies 10: 354–79.Google Scholar
Lamble, Sarah. 2008. “Retelling racialized violence, remaking white innocence: The politics of interlocking oppressions in transgender day of remembrance.” Sexuality Research and Social Policy 5 (1): 2442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, Edward Woo Jin. 2017 (forthcoming). “Trans Youth of Color: Knowledges, Realities, Practices.” In Supporting Transgender and Gender Creative Youth: Schools, Families, and Communities in Action, ed. Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Sansfaçon, Annie Pullen. 2nd ed. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Litt, Jacquelyn. 2004. Women's carework in low-income households: The special case of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.” Gender & Society 18 (5): 625–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manning, Kimberley Ens. 2015. “Protect Our Trans Kids–Parents, Scholars, and Activists Speak Out.” Unpublished speaking notes. February 25.Google Scholar
Manning, Kimberley Ens. 2018 (forthcoming). Revolutionary Attachments: Party Families and the Gendered Origins of Chinese State Power. Ithaca NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Manning, Kimberley Ens and Asano, Akiko. 2017 (forthcoming). “Affirmation, Access, Autonomy: Canadian Parents Talk Trans Rights.” In Supporting Transgender and Gender Creative Youth: Schools, Families, and Communities in Action, ed. Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Sansfaçon, Annie Pullen. 2nd ed. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Manning, Kimberly Ens, Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Pullen, Annie. 2017 (forthcoming). “Introduction.” In Supporting Transgender and Gender Creative Youth: Schools, Families, and Communities in Action, ed. Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Sansfaçon, Annie Pullen. 2nd ed. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Meadow, Tey. 2011. “‘Deep Down Where the Music Plays’: How Parents Account for Childhood Gender Variance.” Sexualities 14 (6): 725–47.Google Scholar
Meyer, Elizabeth J., Tilland-Stafford, Anika and Airton, Lee. 2016. “Supporting transgender and gender-creative youth: What we can learn from their teachers.” Teachers College Record 118 (8): 150.Google Scholar
Mezey, Nancy J. 2008. “The Privilege of Coming Out: Race, Class, and Lesbians’ Mothering Decisions.” International Journal of Sociology of the Family 34 (2): 257–76.Google Scholar
McCann, Michael W. Rights at Work: Pay Equity, Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization. Chicago Series in Law and Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.Google Scholar
Namaste, Viviane. 2005. Sex Change, Social Change: Reflections on Identity, Institutions, and Imperialism. Toronto: Women's Press.Google Scholar
O'Reilly, Andrea. 2004. Mother Outlaws: Theories and Practices of Empowered Mothering. Toronto: Women's Press.Google Scholar
Poisson, Jayme. 2011. “Parents Keep Child's Gender Secret.” Toronto Star, May 21.Google Scholar
Proceedings of the Standing Senate Committee on Legal and Constitutional Affairs Issue 27, Evidence - February 25, 2015.Google Scholar
Pullen Sansfaçon, Annie, Robichaud, Marie-Joëlle and Dumais-Michaud, Audrey-Anne. 2015. “The Experience of Parents Who Support Their Children's Gender Variance.” Journal of LGBT Youth 12 (1): 3963.Google Scholar
Rahilly, Elizabeth. 2013. “The Parental Transition: A Study of Parents of Gender Variant Children.” In Chasing Rainbows: Exploring Gender Fluid Parenting Practices, ed. Green, Fiona J. and Friedman, May. Bradford ON: Demeter Press.Google Scholar
Rahilly, Elizabeth. 2015. “The Gender Binary Meets the Gender-Variant Child: Parents’ Negotiations with Childhood Gender Variance.” Gender & Society 29 (3): 338–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, Rayna and Ginsburg, Faye. 2001. “Enabling disability: Rewriting kinship, reimagining citizenship.” Public Culture 13 (3): 533–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richardson, Diane. 2005. “Desiring Sameness? The Rise of Neoliberal Politics of Normalisation.” Antipode 37 (3): 515–35.Google Scholar
Ruddick, Sara. 1989. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Ryan, Krysti N. 2016. “‘My Mom Says Some Girls Have Penises’: How Mothers of Gender-Diverse Youth Are Pushing Gender Ideology Forward (and How They're Not).” Social Sciences 5 (4): 73.Google Scholar
Schnurr, Joanne. 2015. “Mothers of Transgender Children Take to the Bathroom to Fight Bathroom Bill.” CTV, March 27, 2015.Google Scholar
Skocpol, Theda. 1992. Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy. Cambridge MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Spade, Dean. 2011. Normal Life: Administrative Violence, Critical Trans Politics, and the Limits of Law. New York: South End Press.Google Scholar
Steinmetz, Katy. 2016. “States Battle over Access to Bathrooms for Transgender People.” Time. March 6, 2016.Google Scholar
TransYouth Family Allies (TYFA). “Creating a Safe Folder.”. http://www.imatyfa.org/resources/parents/creating-a-safe-folder/ (May 22, 2015).Google Scholar
Travers, Ann. 2014. “Transformative Gender Justice as a Framework for Normalizing Gender Variance among Children and Youth.” In Supporting Transgender and Gender Creative Youth: Schools, Families, and Communities in Action, ed. Meyer, Elizabeth J. and Sansfaçon, Annie Pullen. New York: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Valverde, Mariana. 1992. “When the mother of the race is free.” In Gender Conflicts: New Essays in Women's History, ed. Iacovetta, Franca and Valverde, Mariana. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Wingrove, Josh. 2014. “Transgender Rights Bill Stirs Heated Debate in Senate.” The Globe and Mail, October 2, 2014.Google Scholar
Witterick, Kathy (Rogue). 2013. “Dancing in the Eye of the Storm: The Gift of Gender Diversity to Our Family.” In Chasing Rainbows: Exploring Gender Fluid Parenting Practices, ed. Green, Fiona J. and Friedman, May. Bradford ON: Demeter Press.Google Scholar
Zucker, Kenneth J. and Bradley, Susan J.. 1995. Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Zucker, Kenneth J., Wood, Hayley, Singh, Devita and Bradley, Susan J.. 2012. “A Developmental, Biopsychosocial Model for the Treatment of Children with Gender Identity Disorder.” Journal of Homosexuality 59 (3): 369–97.Google Scholar