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Pearson or Lie: The Politics of the Secretary-General's Selection, 1946*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2009

James Barros
James Barros
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
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Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique , Volume 10 , Issue 1 , March 1977 , pp. 65 - 92
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Political Science Association (l'Association canadienne de science politique) and/et la Société québécoise de science politique 1977

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References

1 Barros, James, Betrayal from Within: Joseph Avenol, Secretary-General of the League of Nations, 1933–1940 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969), 14–22, 198–205.Google Scholar

2 Stevenson (London) to the Secretary of State, No. 13433, December 22, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/12–2245, Record Group 59, National Archives of the United States, Washington, D. C. (NA).

3 Halifax (Washington) to the Foreign Office, No. 1828, March 22, 1945, FO/371/50686, Public Record Office, London (PRO).

4 U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1439.

5 For the pertinent memoranda see FO/371/45153 and FO/371/45154, PRO.

6 See the minute by Cockram of the Dominions Office, February 22, 1945, FO/371/50676, PRO.

7 Stettinius (San Francisco) to Pearson, June 23, 1945, San Francisco Conference 1945, Lester Pearson File, Edward R. Stettinius Papers, University of Virginia.

8 After his election as Deputy Secretary-General in 1936, the Irishman Sean Lester, was told by Anthony Eden that his election meant that he “would be the next SG.” See Barros, Betrayal from Within, 269.

9 Ibid., 1–14.

10 Minutes of a meeting of the Big Five at Claridges Hotel, London, September 17, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSEPS).

11 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1449–50.

12 Ibid., 1448–49. The question of a Secretary-General's re-employment by his own government after his retirement was undoubtedly raised by Acheson because of the stir that was created in 1933 following Drummond's resignation from the League. He was immediately re-appointed to the Foreign Office and posted as ambassador in Rome. Barros, Betrayal from Within, 2–3, footnote.

13 C[harles] K. W[ebster] to the Minister of State, September 21, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

14 C[harles] K. W[ebster], Meeting between Mr. Stettinius and the Minister of State, September 25, 1945, FO/371/50739, PRO.

15 Acheson (Washington) to Stettinius, No. 8345, September 22, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/9–1945, Record Group 59, NA.

16 United Nations Preparatory Commission, Informal Five Power Meeting, September 26, 1945, FO/371/50883, PRO; Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1452.

17 Record of Meeting Held at the Foreign Office, September 28, 1945, FO/371/50885, PRO.

18 Winant for Stettinius (London) to the Secretary of State, No. 10221, October 1, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/10–145, Record Group 59, NA.

19 Stettinius (London) to the Secretary of State, No. 10349, October 4, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/10–445, Record Group 59, NA.

20 A note from Webster to the Minister of State, no date, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

21 Gore Booth (Washington) to Falla, October 9, 1945, FO/371/50740, PRO.

22 Byrnes (Washington) to Stettinius, No. 8965, October 10, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/10–445, Record Group 59, NA.

23 Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Monday, October 8, 1945, University of Lancaster (UL).

24 Meeting at Mr. Stettinius' Flat at Claridges Hotel, Monday, October 8, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS; Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1455–56; Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Monday, October 8, 1945, as well as the entries for Monday, October 15 and Wednesday, October 17, 1945, UL. See also Gladwyn, Lord, The Memoirs of Lord Gladwyn (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1972), 182–83.Google Scholar

25 Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Thursday, October 12 [sic], 1945, UL. See also Noel-Baker to Webster, October 9, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

26 [Charles K. Webster], Seat of the United Nations Organisation and the Choice of Secretary-General [October 10, 1945?], Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

27 [Philip Noel-Baker] to the Secretary of State [October 10,1945?], Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

28 [Stettinius] to the Secretary of State, No. 10711, October 13, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/10–1345, Record Group 59, NA; King, William Lyon Mackenzie, The Mackenzie King Record, ed. by Pickersgill, J. W. and Forster, D. F. (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1970), Vol. 3, 62.Google Scholar

29 P[hilip] N[oel-] B[aker], Record of Conversation with the Prime Minister of Canada, October 5, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

30 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1461.

31 Department of State, Division of European Affairs to [Alger] Hiss, October 24, 1945, and the marginal minute by J[ohn] H[ickerson], File 501.BA/10–2445, Record Group 59, NA.

32 E[rnest] B[evin], Site of the United Nations Organisation, October 29, 1945, FO/371/50741, PRO.

33 A[lexander] C[adogan] to Jebb, October 30, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

34 Jebb to Cadogan, November 1, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

35 A minute by P[hilip] N[oel-] B[aker], November 6, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

36 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1477–78 and footnote.

37 Ibid., footnote on 1488, and 1491–92.

38 Stevenson (London) to the Secretary of State, December 19, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/12–1945, Record Group 59, NA.

39 Acheson to the London Embassy, December 19, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/12–1945, Record Group 59, NA.

40 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1492–93.

41 Acheson to Certain Diplomatic Officers, December 20, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/12–2045, Record Group 59, NA.

42 Acheson to Stevenson, December 21, 1945, File 500.CC (PC)/12–2145, Record Group 59, NA.

43 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1478.

44 Ibid., 1504–09 and footnote; Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Monday, December 24, 1945, UL.

45 Eden, Anthony, The Reckoning (London: Cassell, 1965), 554Google Scholar; Charles K. Webster Diary, entry week beginning January 27, 1946, UL.

46 Private information.

47 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1945 1, 1507, footnote.

48 Ibid., 1946 1, 159, footnote,

49 Ibid., 1945 2, 778.

50 The Secretary of State for External Affairs, Ottawa, to the High Commissioner for Canada in the United Kingdom, London, January 5, 1945, Archives Department of External Affairs Canada (ADEAC). Mackenzie King, Mackenzie King Record, 123–24, 392; Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Monday, October 15, 1945, UL.

51 Department of External Affairs to Pearson, No. 123, January 14, 1946, repeating telegram No. 118 from the Canadian High Commissioner in London, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, Public Archives of Canada (PAC).

52 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 1, 139.

53 Eden to Oliphant, No. 59, March 23, 1944 and a memorandum communicated by Spaak to Eden on March 24, 1944, FO/371/38868, PRO; Aveling (Brussels) to the Foreign Office, No. 335, October 19, 1945, FO/371/49025, PRO.

54 Lie, Trygve, In the Cause of Peace (New York: Macmillan, 1954), 5.Google Scholar

55 United Nations, General Assembly, Official Records, 1st Plenary Session, January 10, 1946, 43–47; Lie, In the Cause of Peace, 7–10.

56 Spaak, Paul-Henri, Combats inachevés (Paris: Fayard, 1969), Vol. 1, 201.Google Scholar

57 Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Sunday, January 20, 1946, UL.

58 Wilson (Ankara) to the Secretary of State, No. 133, January 30, 1946 and also the corrected version, File 501.BA/1–3045, Record Group 59, NA.

59 These various communications can be found in File 501.BA/1-, Record Group 59, NA.

60 Department of External Affairs to Pearson, No. 123, January 14, 1946, repeating telegram 118 from the Canadian High Commissioner in London, Robertson to Pearson, No. 155, January 16, 1946 and Robertson to Pearson, No. 180, January 21, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC.

61 Pearson (Washington) to Robertson, No. 258, January 15, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC.

62 Robertson to Pearson, No. 155, January 16, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC.

63 Pearson (Washington) to Robertson, No. 308, January 17, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC.

64 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 1, 161–63, 166–69 and footnotes; Pearson (Washington) to Robertson, No. 497, January 28, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC.

65 Pearson (Washington) to Robertson, No. 497, January 28, 1946, ADEAC; Lester B. Pearson Papers, PAC. See also Anglin, Douglas G., “Lester Pearson and the Office of Secretary-General,” International Journal 17/2 (Spring 1962), 146.Google Scholar

66 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 1, 172–82 and footnote.

67 [Stettinius] to the Secretary of State, No. 1396, February 5, 1946, File 501.BA/2–546, Record Group 59, NA.

68 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 1, 183–84.

69 United Nations, Security Council, Official Records, 1st Yr., 4th Meeting, January 29, 1946, 44; and, 1st Yr., Supplement 1, Annex 6, 80; United Nations, General Assembly, Official Records, 12th Plenary Session, February 1, 1946, 303–04.

70 Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Sunday, February 3, 1946, UL.

71 P[hilip] N[oel-] B[aker] to Webster, October 17, 1945, Charles K. Webster Papers, LSEPS.

72 Osborne (Oslo) to the Secretary of State, No. 86, January 29, 1946, File 501.BA/1–2946, Record Group 59, NA.

73 Charles K. Webster Diary, entry Sunday, January 20, 1946, UL.

74 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1946 1, 159.