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Equivalence of French and English Language Versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) among Caregivers of Persons with Dementia*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 March 2010

Norm O'Rourke
Norm O'Rourke*
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University, Harbour Centre
*
Requests for offprints should be sent to: / Les demandes de tirés-à-part doivent être adressées à : Norm O'Rourke, Ph.D., Gerontology Research Centre, Simon Fraser University at Harbour Centre, 515 West Hastings Street, Suite #2800, Vancouver, BC V6B 5K3. (ORourke@sfu.ca.)
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Abstract

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) is among the most widely used depression screening measures. Existing research suggests a higher-order factor structure of responses among older adults (factors labelled depressive affect, absence of well-being, somatic symptoms, and interpersonal affect, each loading upon a second-order depression factor). The current study extends this research to ascertain whether this structure is equivalent (or invariant) between the English and French versions of the CES-D. Findings suggest that the number and relative contribution of each factor is similar for both language groups. Furthermore, interpretation of CES-D items is statistically indistinguishable for 16 of 20 items within this randomly identified, national sample of caregivers of persons with dementia. Results of this study support the higher-order factor structure of this measure and provide data in support of the reliability of responses. Furthermore, findings support the use of the CES-D in cross-cultural and comparative research with English- and French-speaking adults.

Résumé

L'échelle de dépression du Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D) est un des outils les plus communs pour dépister la dépression. La recherche démontre un processus d'ordre supérieur de réponses au sein de la population des personnes âgées (les composantes étiquetés comme affectifs dépressifs, absence du bien-être, symptômes somatiques et affectifs interpersonnels se retrouvent à la catégorie des composantes de dépression du second ordre). La présente étude continue la recherche sur ce sujet et tente d'identifier si cette structure a la même valeur (ou invariante) entre la version française et la version anglaise de l'échelle. Les résultats démontrent que le nombre et la contribution relative de chaque composante sont semblables pour les deux groupes linguistiques. De plus, au sein de soignants de personnes souffrant de démence, l'interprétation des items de l'échelle est quantitativement indiscernable pour 16 des 20 composantes à même un échantillon aléatoire et national. Les résultats appuient le processus d'ordre supérieur de cette mesure en plus de fournir des données confirmant la fiabilité des réponses. Finalement, les résultats soutiennent l'utilisation de l'échelle lors de recherches interculturelles et comparatives au sein d'adulte de langue anglaise et de langue française.

Keywords

agingCenter for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D)factor structurelinguistic invariancetranslationvieillissementÉchelle de dépression du Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES-D)composantes structurellesinvariabilité linguistiquetraduction
Type
Research Note
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , Fall/Automne 2003 , pp. 323 - 329
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2003

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Footnotes

*

The Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) was funded by the Seniors' Independence Research Program, through the National Health Research and Development Program (NHRDP) of Health Canada (Project No. 6606–3954-MC[S]). Additional funding was provided by Pfizer Canada Incorporated, through the Medical Research Council / Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association of Canada Health Activity Program; the NHRDP (Project No. 6603–1417–302 [R]); Bayer Incorporated; and the British Columbia Health Research Foundation (BCHRF Projects No. 38 [93–2] & No. 34 [96–1]). The CSHA was coordinated through the University of Ottawa and the Division of Aging and Seniors, Health Canada. An Endowed Research Fellowship received by the author from Simon Fraser University aided completion of the current study. Thanks to Dr. Philippe Cappeliez for his assistance in examining the translation of items between the English and French language versions of the CES-D.

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