Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:59:31.473Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Older Adult Mistreatment Risk Screening: Contribution to the validation of a Screening Tool in a Domestic Setting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Jeannette M. Lindenbach ,
Sylvie Larocque ,
Anne-Marise Lavoie  and
Marie-Luce Garceau
Jeannette M. Lindenbach*
Affiliation:
Laurentian University
Sylvie Larocque
Affiliation:
Laurentian University
Anne-Marise Lavoie
Affiliation:
Laurentian University
Marie-Luce Garceau
Affiliation:
Laurentian University
*
*Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jeannette Lindenbach, M.Sc.N. École des sciences infirmières Laurentian University Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, P3E 2C6 (jm_lindenbach@laurentian.ca)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The hidden nature of older adult mistreatment renders its detection in the domestic setting particularly challenging. A validated screening instrument that can provide a systematic assessment of risk factors can facilitate this detection. One such instrument, the “expanded Indicators of Abuse” tool, has been previously validated in the Hebrew language in a hospital setting. The present study has contributed to the validation of the “e-IOA” in an English-speaking community setting in Ontario, Canada. It consisted of two phases: (a) a content validity review and adaptation of the instrument by experts throughout Ontario, and (b) an inter-rater reliability assessment by home visiting nurses. The adaptation, the “Mistreatment of Older Adult Risk Factors” tool, offers a comprehensive tool for screening in the home setting. This instrument is significant to professional practice as practitioners working with older adults will be better equipped to assess for risk of mistreatment.

Résumé

Le dépistage du risque de maltraitance de la personne aînée vivant à domicile est difficile en raison de sa nature cachée. Afin de surmonter ce défi, un instrument valide évaluant systématiquement les facteurs de risque est requis. Un tel instrument, le “expanded-Indicators of Abuse” [e-IOA], fut originellement validé en hébreu dans un milieu hospitalier. Cette étude a contribué à la validation du “e-IOA” dans un nouveau contexte, celui d’un milieu communautaire anglophone en Ontario, Canada. L’étude s’est déroulée en deux phases: la validation du contenu et l’adaptation de l’instrument par des experts partout en Ontario, suivit de l’évaluation de la fidélité inter-juges par des infirmières. Cette adaptation, nommée le “Mistreatment of Older Adult Risk Factors”, est un outil de dépistage clair, compréhensif et représentatif du risque de maltraitance à domicile. Cet instrument permettra aux professionnels œuvrant auprès des aînés d’être mieux outillés pour évaluer ce risque.

Keywords

aînémaltraitancerisquedépistagedomicileaidant naturelvieillissementolder adultmistreatmentriskscreeningdomesticcaregiveraging
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 31 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 235 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allan, M. (2002). Elder Abuse: A challenge for home care nurses. Home Healthcare Nurse, 20(5), 323–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Almberg, B., & Grafström, M. (1997). Caring for a demented elderly person-burden and burnout among caregiving relatives. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 25, 109–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anetzberger, G.J. (2000). Caregiving: Primary cause of elder abuse? Generations, 24(2), 46–51.Google Scholar
Anetzberger, G.J. (2001). Elder abuse identification and referral: The importance of screening tools and referral protocols. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 13(2), 3–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anetzberger, G.J. (2005). The reality of elder abuse. In Anetzberger, G.J. (Ed.), The clinical management of elder abuse (pp. 1–25). Kentucky, USA: Routledge.Google Scholar
Ansello, E.F. (1996). Causes and theories. In Baumhover, L.A. & Beall, S.C. (Eds.), Abuse, neglect and exploitation of older persons: Strategies for assessment and intervention (pp. 9–29). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.Google Scholar
Baker, J., Lovell, K., & Harris, N. (2006). How expert are the experts? An exploration of the concept of ‘expert’ within Delphi panel techniques. Nurse Researcher, 14(1), 59–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baker, M.W. (2007). Elder mistreatment: Risk, vulnerability, and early mortality. American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 12(6), 313–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, M.W., & Heitkemper, M.M. (2005). The roles of nurses on interprofessional teams to combat elder mistreatment. Nursing Outlook, 53, 253–259.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Behling, O., & Law, K.S. (2000). Translating questionnaires and other research instruments: Problems and solutions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bello, A., & Singh, M.D. (2004). Descriptive data analysis. In. LoBiodondo-Wood, G. & Haber, J. (Eds.), Nursing research in Canada: Methods, critical appraisal, and utilization. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Elsevier Mosby.Google Scholar
Berk, R.A. (1990). Importance of expert judgment in content-related validity evidence. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 12(5), 659–671.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bowles, N. (1999). The Delphi technique. Nursing Standard, 13(45), 32–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burns, N., & Grove, S.K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique and utilization (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.Google Scholar
Choi, N.G., & Mayer, J. (2000). Elder abuse, neglect, and exploitation: Risk factors and prevention strategies. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 33(2), 5–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M., Halevi-Levin, S., Gagin, R., & Friedman, G. (2006). Development of a screening tool for identifying elderly people at risk of abuse by their caregivers. Journal of Aging and Health, 18, 660–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, M., Halevi-Levin, S., Gagin, R., & Friedman, G. (2007). Elder abuse: Disparities between older people’s disclosure of abuse, evident signs of abuse, and high risk of abuse. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 55, 1224–1230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
College of Nurses of Ontario. (2009). Utilization of RNs and RPNs. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Cooney, C., Howard, R., & Lawlor, B. (2006). Abuse of vulnerable people with dementia by their carers: Can we identify those most at risk? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 564–571.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cranswick, K., & Dosman, D. (2008). Elder Care: What we know today. Component of Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 11-008-X, Canadian Social Trends. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Statistics Canada.Google Scholar
Davis, L., & Grant, J.S. (1993). Focus on psychometrics: Guidelines for using psychometric consultants in nursing studies. Research in Nursing and Health, 16, 151–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeVellis, R.F. (1991). Scale development: Theory and applications. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Dresser, R. (2003). Ethical and policy issues in research on elder abuse and neglect. In. Bonnie, R.J. & Wallace, R.B. (Eds.), Elder mistreatment: Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. Panel to review risk and prevalence of elder abuse and neglect. Committee on national statistics and Committee on law and justice, Division of behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved fromhttp://www.books.nap.edu/books/0309084342/html/index.html.Google Scholar
Endacott, R., Clifford, C.M., & Tripp, J.H. (1999). Can the needs of the critically ill child be identified using scenarios? Experiences of a modified Delphi study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 30(3), 665–676.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Evans, B.C. (2005). Content validation of instruments: Are the perspectives of Anglo reviewers different from those of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian reviewers? Journal of Nursing Education, 44(5), 216–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fortin, F. (2006). Fondements et étapes du processus de recherche. Québec, Québec, Canada: Chenelière éducation.Google Scholar
Fu, M.R., McDaniel, R.W., & Rhodes, V.A. (2007). Measuring symptom occurrence and symptom distress: Development of the symptom experience index. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59(6), 623–634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fulmer, T., Guadagno, L., Dyer, C.B., & Connolly, M.T. (2004). Progress in elder abuse screening and assessment instruments. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52, 297–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, J.S., & Davis, L.L. (1997). Focus on quantitative methods: Selection and use of content experts for instrument development. Research in Nursing and Health, 20, 269–274.3.0.CO;2-G>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, J., Kinney, M., & Guzzetta, C. (1990). A methodology for validation nursing diagnoses. Advances in Nursing Science, 12(3), 65–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hardy, D.J., O’Brien, A.P., Gaskin, C.J., O’Brien, A.J., Morrison-Ngatai, E., Skews, G., et al. . (2004). Practical application of the Delphi technique in a bicultural mental health nursing study in New Zealand. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 46(1), 95–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hasson, F., Keeney, S., & McKenna, H. (2000). Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hwalek, M.A., Goodrich, C.S., & Quinn, K. (1996). The role of risk factors in health care and adult protective services. In Baumhover, L.A. & Beall, S.C. (Eds.), Abuse, neglect and exploitation of older persons: Strategies for assessment and intervention (pp. 123–136). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.Google Scholar
Keeney, S., Hasson, F., & McKenna, H. (2006). Consulting the oracle: Ten lessons from using the Delphi technique in nursing research. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(2), 205–212.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kissal, A., & Beser, A. (2011). Elder abuse and neglect in a population offering care by a primary health care center in Izmir, Turkey. Social Work in Health Care, 50, 158–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kosberg, J.I., & Nahmiash, D. (1996). Characteristics of victims and perpetrators and milieus of abuse and neglect. In Baumhover, L.A. & Beall, S.C. (Eds.), Abuse, neglect and exploitation of older persons: Strategies for assessment and intervention (pp. 31–49). Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press.Google Scholar
Kozma, A., & Stones, M.J. (1995). Issues in the measurement of elder abuse. In MacLean, M. (Ed.), Abuse and neglect of older Canadians: Strategies for change (pp. 117–128). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thompson Educational Publishing.Google Scholar
Lachs, M.S., & Pillemer, K. (2004). Elder abuse. Lancet, 364, 1263–1272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lefrançois, R. (1992). Stratégies de recherche en sciences sociales: Application à la gérontologie. Montréal, Quebec, Canada: Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal.Google Scholar
Levine, J.M. (2003). Elder neglect and abuse: A primer for primary care physicians. Geriatrics, 58(10), 37–44.Google ScholarPubMed
Litwin, H., & Zoabi, S. (2004). A multivariate examination of explanations for the occurrence of elder abuse. Social Work Research, 28(3), 133–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lynn, M.R. (1986). Determination and quantification of content validity. Nursing Research, 35(6), 382–385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKenna, H.P. (1994). The Delphi technique: A worthwhile approach for nursing? Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19, 1221–1225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mead, D., & Moseley, L. (2001). The use of the Delphi as a research approach. Nurse Researcher, 8(4), 4–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, L.S., Lewis, M.S., Williamson, G.M., Lance, C.E., Dooley, W.K., Schultz, R., et al. . (2006). Caregiver cognitive status and potentially harmful caregiver behavior. Aging and Mental Health, 10(2), 125–133.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Myers, K., & Winters, N.C. (2002). Ten-year review of rating scales. I: Overview of scale functioning, psychometric properties, and selection. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(2), 114–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagpaul, K. (2001). Application of elder abuse screening tools and referral protocol: Techniques and clinical considerations. Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 13(2), 59–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Advisory Council on Aging (NACA). (2006). Seniors in Canada 2006 report card. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Public Health Agency of Canada.Google Scholar
National Center on Elder Abuse (NCEA). (1998). The national elder abuse incidence study. Final report. Retrieved fromhttp://www.aoa.gov/AoARoot/AoA_Programs/Elder_Rights/Elder_Abuse/docs/ABuseReport_Full.pdf.Google Scholar
National Research Council (NRC). (2003). Elder mistreatment. Abuse, neglect, and exploitation in an aging America. In. Bonnie, R.J. & Wallace, R.B. (Eds.), Panel to review risk and prevalence of elder abuse and neglect. Committee on national statistics and Committee on law and justice, Division of behavioral and social sciences and education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved fromhttp://www.books.nap.edu/books/0309084342/html/index.html.Google Scholar
Ontario Network for the Prevention of Elder Mistreatment (ONPEA). (2006). Core curriculum and resource guide. Retrieved fromhttp://www.onpea.org/.Google Scholar
Ortmann, C., Fechner, G., Bajanowski, T., & Brinkmann, B. (2001). Fatal neglect of the elderly. International Journal of Legal Medicine, 114, 191–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parks, R., Cintas, H.L., Chaffin, M.C., & Gerber, L. (2007). Brief assessment of motor function: Content validity and reliability of the fine motor scale. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 19, 315–325.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peguero, A.A., & Lauck, A.M. (2008). Older adults and their vulnerabilities to the exposure of violence. Sociology Compass, 2(1), 62–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petry, K., Maes, B., & Vlaskamp, C. (2007). Operationalizing quality of life for people with profound multiple disabilities: A Delphi study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(5), 334–349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Podnieks, E., Pillemer, K., Nicholson, J.P., Shillington, T., & Frizzell, A.F. (1990). National survey on abuse of the elderly in Canada. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Ryerson Polytechnical Institute.Google Scholar
Polit, D.F., & Beck, C.T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.Google Scholar
Reis, M., & Nahmiash, D. (1998). Validation of the indicators of abuse (IOA) screen. The Gerontologist, 38(4), 471–480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Selwood, A., Cooper, C., & Livingston, G. (2007). What is elder abuse-who decides? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(10), 1009–1012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shugarman, L.R., Fries, B.E., Wolf, R.S., & Morris, J.N. (2003). Identifying older people at risk of abuse during routine screening practices. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 51, 24–31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Siegel, S., & Castellan, N.J. (1988). Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: McGraw-Hill Company.Google Scholar
Springer, D.W., Abell, N., & Hudson, W.W. (2002). Creating and validating rapid assessment instruments for practice and research: Part 1. Research on Social Work Practice, 12, 408–439.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistics Canada. (2009). Range and quartiles. Retrieved fromhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/edu/power-pouvoir/ch12/5214890-eng.htm.Google Scholar
Waltz, C.F., Strickland, O., & Lenz, E. (1991). Measurement in nursing research (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis.Google Scholar
Washington, C.C., & Moss, M. (1988). Pragmatic aspects of establishing inter rater reliability in research. Nursing Research, 37(3), 190–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiles, J. (2003). Informal caregivers’ experiences of formal support in a changing context. Health and Social Care in the Community, 11(3), 189–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, R. (1997). Elder abuse and neglect: An update. Reviews of Clinical Gerontology, 7, 177–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolf, R. (2000). Risk assessment instruments. National Center on Elder Abuse Newsletter, September 2000. Orange, CA: US Administration on Aging.Google Scholar
World Health Organization/International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (WHO/INPEA). (2002). Missing voices: Views of older persons on elder abuse. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Zink, T., & Fisher, B.S. (2007). Family violence quality assessment tool for primary care offices. Quality Management in Health Care, 16(3), 265–279.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed