Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T15:08:18.715Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Psychosocial issues in Engaging Older People with Physical Activity Interventions for the Prevention of Falls*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 March 2011

Samuel R. Nyman
Samuel R. Nyman*
Affiliation:
Bournemouth University
*
†Correspondence and requests for offprints should be sent to / La correspondance et les demandes de tirés-à-part doivent être adressées à: Samuel R. Nyman, Ph.D. School of Design, Engineering & Computing Bournemouth University Poole House, Talbot Campus Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, UK (snyman@bournemouth.ac.uk)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article presents an overview of the psychosocial factors that influence older people’s participation in physical activity interventions to prevent falls. The importance of psychosocial factors is stressed inasmuch as interventions will be rendered useless if they do not successfully gain the active participation of older people. The theory of planned behavior is used as a framework for the review on how knowledge (a prerequisite), attitudes, subjective norms (the social context), and perceived behavioral control (confidence) promote or inhibit the intention to carry out activities to prevent falls. The review is supplemented with evidence for self-identity to influence intention, and the article concludes with a discussion of the recommendations made by the Prevention of Falls Network Europe for engaging older people in falls prevention.

Résumé

Dans cet article on présente une vue d’ensemble des facteurs psychosociaux ayant une influence sur la participation des personnes âgées aux interventions concernant l’activité physique et visant la prévention des chutes. On souligne l’importance des facteurs psychosociaux puisque les interventions seront rendues inutiles si elles ne réussissent pas à attirer la participation active des personnes âgées. La théorie du comportement planifié sert de cadre pour un examen de la façon dont les connaissances (un préalable), les attitudes, les normes subjectives (le contexte social) et la perception du contrôle comportemental (la confiance) encouragent ou entravent l’intention d’entre-prendre des activités pour la prévention des chutes. Cette étude est accompagnée de documents qui indiquent la manière dont la perception de soi influence l’intention. On termine par une discussion des recommendations recommendations du réseau européen Prevention of Falls Network Europe concernant l’implication des personnes âgées dans la prévention des chutes.

Keywords

adhésionchutesactivité physiquepréventionpsychosocialvue d’ensembleadherencefallsphysical activitypreventionpsychosocialreview
Type
Special Section: Falls Prevention / Section spéciale: Prévention des chutes
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 30 , Issue 1 , March 2011 , pp. 45 - 55
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

The author thanks Veronica Heath for providing a French translation of the abstract, and Maggie Donovan-Hall and Christina Victor for their comments on an earlier draft of this article.

References

Ajzen, I. (1988). Attitudes, personality, and behavior. Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ajzen, I. (2006). TPB Diagram. Retrieved October 23, 2009, fromhttp://people.umass.edu/aizen/tpb.diag.htmlGoogle Scholar
Armitage, C.J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behavior: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471–499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ballinger, C., & Clemson, L. (2006). Older people’s views about community falls prevention: An Australian perspective. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69, 263–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballinger, C., & Payne, S. (2000). Falling from grace or into expert hands? Alternative accounts about falling in older people. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 63, 573–579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ballinger, C., & Payne, S. (2002). The construction of the risk of falling among and by older people. Ageing & Society, 22, 305–324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belza, B., Walwick, J., Shiu-Thornton, S., Schwartz, S., Taylor, M., & LoGerfo, J. (2004). Older adults perspectives on physical activity and exercise: Voices from multiple cultures. Preventing Chronic Disease, 1, 1–12.Google ScholarPubMed
Booth, M.L., Bauman, A., Owen, N., & Gore, C.J. (1997). Physical activity preferences, preferred sources of assistance, and perceived barriers to increased activity among physically inactive Australians. Preventive Medicine, 26, 131–137.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borkan, J.M., Quirk, M., & Sullivan, M. (1991). Finding meaning after the fall: Injury narratives from elderly hip fracture patients. Social Science & Medicine, 33, 947–957.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brassington, G.S., Atienza, A., Perczek, R.E., DiLorenzo, T.M., & King, A.C. (2002). Intervention-related cognitive versus social mediators of exercise adherence in the elderly. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 23, 80–86.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Braun, B.L. (1998). Knowledge and perception of fall-related risk factors and fall-reduction techniques among community-dwelling elderly individuals. Physical Therapy, 78, 1262–1276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bruce, D.G., Devine, A., & Prince, R.L. (2002). Recreational physical activity levels in healthy older women: The importance of fear of falling. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 84–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R.K. (2002). Exercise psychology. Leeds, UK: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Bunn, F., Dickinson, A., Barnett-Page, E., McInnes, E., & Horton, K. (2008). A systematic review of older people’s perceptions of facilitators and barriers to participation in falls-prevention interventions. Ageing & Society, 28, 449–472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, L.C., Shapiro, S., & German, P.S. (1999). Determinants of physical activity initiation and maintenance among community-dwelling older persons. Preventive Medicine, 29, 422–430.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buttery, A.K., & Martin, F.C. (2009). Knowledge, attitudes and intentions about participation in physical activity of older post-acute hospital inpatients. Physiotherapy, 95, 192–198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cameron, I.D., & Quine, S. (1994). External hip protectors: Likely noncompliance among high-risk elderly people living in the community. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 19, 273–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, A.J., Robertson, M.C., Gardner, M.M., Norton, R.N., & Buchner, D.M. (1999). Falls prevention over 2 years: A randomized controlled trial in women 80 years and older. Age and Ageing, 28, 513–518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, J.T., Morton, S.C., Rubenstein, L.Z., Mojica, W.A., Maglione, M., Suttorp, M.J., et al. . (2004). Interventions for the prevention of falls in older adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. BMJ, 328, 680–683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chao, D., Foy, C.G., & Farmer, D. (2000). Exercise adherence among older adults: Challenges and strategies. Controlled Clinical Trials, 21, 212S–217S.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care. (2001). National falls prevention for older people initiative “step out with confidence”: A study into the information needs and perceptions of older Australians concerning falls and their prevention. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Commonwealth of Australia.Google Scholar
Connell, B.R. (1996). Role of the environment in falls prevention. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 12, 859–880.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conner, M., & Armitage, C.J. (1998). Extending the theory of planned behavior: A review and avenues for further research. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1429–1464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daleiden, S. (1990). Prevention of falling: Rehabilitative or compensatory interventions? Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 5, 44–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, L., Fildes, B., Gordon, I., Fitzharris, M., Flamer, H., & Lord, S. (2002). Randomised factorial trial of falls prevention among older people living in their own homes. BMJ, 325, 128–131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Delbaere, K., Close, J.C. T., Brodaty, H., Sachdev, P., & Lord, S.R. (2010). Determinants of disparities between perceived and physiological risk of falling among elderly people: Cohort study. BMJ, 341, Retrieved 18 August 2010, from http://www.bmj.com/content/341/bmj.c4165.longCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dollard, J., Turnbull, D., Newbury, J., & Barton, C. (2008). Older people are comparably optimistic towards falling. Paper presented at the 3rd Australian and New Zealand Falls Prevention Conference, Melbourne, Australia.Google Scholar
Downs, D.S., & Hausenblas, H.A. (2005). The theories of reasoned action and planned behavior applied to exercise: A meta-analytic update. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2, 76–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dracup, K.A., & Meleis, A.I. (1982). Compliance: An interactionist approach. Nursing Research, 31, 31–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ezendam, N.P.M., Alpay, L.L., Rövekamp, T.A.J.M., & Toussaint, P.J. (2005). Experimenting with case-based reasoning to present educative health information on the internet: The example of SeniorGezond. In Engelbrecht, R., Geissbuhler, A., Lovis, C., & Mihalas, G. (Eds.), Connecting medical informatics and bio-informatics: Proceedings of MIE2005-The XIXth international congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics, vol. 116 (pp. 867–872). Geneva, Switzerland: IOS Press.Google Scholar
Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fielding, K.S., McDonald, R., & Louis, W.R. (2008). Theory of planned behavior, identity and intentions to engage in environmental activism. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 318–326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortinsky, R.H., Panzer, V., Wakefield, D., & Into, F. (2009). Alignment between balance confidence and fall risk in later life: Has over-confidence been overlooked? Health, Risk & Society, 11, 341–352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furstenberg, A.-L. (1986). Expectations about outcome following hip fracture among older people. Social Work in Health Care, 11, 33–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gillespie, L.D., Robertson, M.C., Gillespie, W.J., Lamb, S.E., Gates, S., Cumming, R.G., et al. . (2009). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2. Art. No.: CD007146, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007146.pub2. Retrieved 18 August 2010, from http://www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab007146.htmlCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, E. (1963). Stigma: Notes on the management of spoiled identity. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Inc.Google Scholar
Hanson, H.M., Salmoni, A.W., & Doyle, P.C. (2009). Broadening our understanding: Approaching falls as a stigmatizing topic for older adults. Disability and Health Journal, 2, 36–44.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Health Education Board for Scotland [HEBS]. (2001). The construction of the risks of falling in older people: Lay and professional perspectives. Edinburgh, UK: Health Education Board for Scotland.Google Scholar
Horne, M., Skelton, D., Speed, S., & Todd, C. (2009). The influence of primary health care professionals in encouraging exercise and physical activity uptake among White and South Asian older adults: Experiences of young older adults. Patient Education & Counseling, Published Online First: May 12. doi:10.1016/j.pec.2009.04.004.Google ScholarPubMed
Horne, M.Skelton, D.A., & Todd, C.J. (2005). Attitudes and beliefs about the uptake and adherence of exercise and physical activity in 60-70 year olds in relation to fall prevention. Poster presented at the British Psychological Society Annual Conference, Coventry, UK.Google Scholar
Horne, M., Speed, S., Skelton, D., & Todd, C. (2009). What do community-dwelling Caucasian and South Asian 60-70 year olds think about exercise for fall prevention? Age and Ageing, 38, 68–73.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howland, J., Peterson, E.W., Levin, W.C., & Fried, L. (1993). Fear of falling among the community-dwelling elderly. Journal of Aging & Health, 5, 229–243.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, K., van Beurden, E., Eakin, E.G., Barnett, L.M., Patterson, E., Backhouse, J., et al. . (2008). Older persons’ perception of risk of falling: Implications for fall-prevention campaigns. American Journal of Public Health, 98, 351–357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jacelon, C.S. (2007). Theoretical perspectives of perceived control in older adults: A selective review of the literature. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59, 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jørstad, E.C., Hauer, K., Becker, C., & Lamb, S.E. (2005). Measuring the psychological outcomes of falling: A systematic review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 53, 501–510.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, A.C., Blair, S.N., Bild, D.E., Dishman, R.K., Dubbert, P.M., Marcus, B.H., et al. . (1992). Determinants of physical activity and interventions in adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 24, S221–S236.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kingston, P. (2000). Falls in later life: Status passage and preferred identities as a new orientation. Health, 4, 216–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koch, M., Gottschalk, M., Baker, D.I., Palumbo, S., & Tinetti, M.E. (1994). An impairment and disability assessment and treatment protocol for community-living elderly persons. Physical Therapy, 74, 286–294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kreuter, M.W., Farrell, D., Olevitch, L., & Brennan, L. (2000). Tailoring health messages: Customizing communication with computer technology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Kreuter, M.W., Strecher, V.J., & Glassman, B. (1999). One size does not fit all: The case for tailoring print materials. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 21, 276–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kyngas, H., Duffy, M.E., & Kroll, T. (2000). Conceptual analysis of compliance. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 9, 5–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Laybourne, A.H., Biggs, S., & Martin, F.C. (2008). Falls exercise interventions and reduced falls rate: Always in the patient’s interest? Age and Ageing, 37, 10–13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lord, S.R., Sherrington, C., Menz, H.B., & Close, J.C.T. (2007). Falls in older people: Risk factors and strategies for prevention (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McAuley, E., Jerome, G.J., Elavsky, S., Marquez, D.X., & Ramsey, S.N. (2003). Predicting long-term maintenance of physical activity in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 37, 110–118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKee, K.J. (1998). The body drop: A framework for understanding recovery from falls in older people. Generations Review, 8, 11–12.Google Scholar
McKee, K.J., Orbell, S., Austin, C.A., Bettridge, R., Liddle, B.J., Morgan, K., et al. . (2002). Fear of falling, falls efficacy, and health outcomes in older people following hip fracture. Disability and Rehabilitation, 24, 327–333.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McKee, K.J., Orbell, S., & Radley, K.A. (1999). Predicting perceived recovered activity in older people after a fall. Disability and Rehabilitation, 21, 555–562.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Murphy, J., & Isaacs, B. (1982). The post-fall syndrome: A study of 36 elderly patients. Gerontology, 28, 265–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, S.R. (2007). A balancing act? Samuel R. Nyman, winner in the postgraduate category, on ways of preventing falls in older people without creating a stigma. The Psychologist, 20, 420–421.Google Scholar
Nyman, S.R., & Ballinger, C. (2008). A review to explore how allied health professionals can improve uptake of and adherence to falls prevention interventions. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 71, 141–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nyman, S.R., Hogarth, H.A., Ballinger, C., & Victor, C.R. (2010). The likely acceptance of falls prevention websites by older people. Paper presented at the British Society of Gerontology Conference, Uxbridge, UK, July, 2010.Google Scholar
Nyman, S.R., & Yardley, L. (2009a). Usability and acceptability of a website that provides tailored advice on falls prevention activities for older people. Health Informatics Journal, 15, 27–39.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nyman, S.R., & Yardley, L. (2009b). Web-site-based tailored advice to promote strength and balance training: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 17, 210–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ogden, J. (2000). Health psychology: A textbook (2nd ed.). Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Paxton, S.J., Browning, C.J., & O’Connell, G. (1997). Predictors of exercise program participation in older women. Psychology & Health, 12, 543–552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peeters, G.M., van Schoor, N.M., Pluijm, S.M., Deeg, D.J., & Lips, P. (2010). Is there a U-shaped association between physical activity and falling in older persons? Osteoporosis International, 21, 1189–1195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prevention of Falls Network Europe. (2006). Questionnaire to assess attitudes to balance and falling-related interventions. Retrieved July 11, 2006, from http://www.profane.eu.org/afris.php?PHPSESSID=d8bd5f5d4e3bcead8f9fe12ddf17cd00Google Scholar
Rantakokko, M., Mänty, M., Iwarsson, S., Törmäkangas, T., Leinonen, R., Heikkinen, E., et al. . (2009). Fear of moving outdoors and development of outdoor walking difficulty in older people. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 57, 634–640.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Resnick, B., Palmer, H., Jenkins, L.S., & Spellbring, A.M. (2000). Path analysis of efficacy expectations and exercise behavior in older adults. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 1309–1315.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodgers, W.M., & Brawley, L.R. (1993). Using both self-efficacy theory and the theory of planned behavior to discriminate adherers and dropouts from structured programs. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 5, 195–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roe, B., Howell, F., Riniotis, K., Beech, R., Crome, P., & Ong, B.N. (2008). Older people’s experience of falls: Understanding, interpretation and autonomy. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 63, 586–596.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sallis, J.F., Hovell, M.F., Hofstetter, C.R., & Barrington, E. (1992). Explanation of vigorous physical-activity during 2 years using social-learning variables. Social Science & Medicine, 34, 25–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheffer, A.C., Schuurmans, M.J., van Dijk, N., van der Hooft, T., & de Rooij, S.E. (2008). Fear of falling: Measurement strategy, prevalence, risk factors and consequences among older persons. Age and Ageing, 37, 19–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shekelle, P.G., Maglione, M., Chang, J.T., Mojica, W., Morton, S.C., Suttorp, M., et al. . (2003). Falls prevention interventions in the Medicare population. Baltimore, MD: RAND.Google Scholar
Shephard, R.J. (1994). Determinants of exercise in people aged 65 years and older. In Dishman, R.K. (Ed.), Advances in exercise adherence (pp. 343–360). Leeds, UK: Human Kinetics.Google Scholar
Sherrington, C., Whitney, J.C., Lord, S.R., Herbert, R.D., Cumming, R.G., & Close, J.C.T. (2008). Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 2234–2243.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J.M., Darwin, C., & Marsh, N. (2003). What are older people prepared to do to avoid falling? A qualitative study in London. British Journal of Community Nursing, 8, 152–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simpson, J.M., & Mandelstam, H. (1995). Elderly people at risk of falling: Do they want to be taught how to get up again? Clinical Rehabilitation, 9, 65–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skelton, D.A., Young, A., Walker, A., & Hoinville, E. (1999). Physical activity in later life: Further analysis of the Allied Dunbar national fitness survey and the Health Education Authority national survey of activity and health. London: Health Education Authority.Google Scholar
Spice, C.L., Morotti, W., George, S., Denta, T.H.S., Rose, J., Harris, S., et al. . (2009). The Winchester falls project: A randomised controlled trial of secondary prevention of falls in older people. Age and Ageing, 38, 33–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stead, M., Wimbush, E., Eadie, D., & Teer, P. (1997). A qualitative study of older people’s perceptions of ageing and exercise: The implications for health promotion. Health Education Journal, 56, 3–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoop, A.P., van’t Riet, A., & Berg, M. (2004). Using information technology for patient education: Realizing surplus value? Patient Education & Counseling, 54, 187–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutton, S. (1998). Predicting and explaining intentions and behavior: How well are we doing? Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 28, 1317–1338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Takahashi, R., & Asakawa, Y. (2005). Young-old and old-old motivation in cooperative fall-prevention programmes. Age and Ageing, 34, 90–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, E.P.A. (1997). Falls, the beginning of the end: A qualitative study with older people and practice nurses. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Southampton, UK.Google Scholar
Tinetti, M.E., Deleon, C.F.M., Doucette, J.T., & Baker, D.I. (1994). Fear of falling and fall-related efficacy in relationship to functioning among community-living elders. Journal of Gerontology, 49, M140–M147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tinetti, M.E., & Powell, L. (1993). Fear of falling and low self-efficacy: A cause of dependence in elderly persons. Journals of Gerontology, 48, 35–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward-Griffin, C., Hobson, S., Melles, P., Kloseck, M., Vandervoort, A., & Crilly, R. (2004). Falls and fear of falling among community-dwelling seniors: The dynamic tension between exercising precaution and striving for independence. Canadian Journal on Aging, 23, 307–318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webb, T.L., & Sheeran, P. (2006). Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 132, 249–268.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinstein, N.D. (1980). Unrealistic optimism about future life events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 806–820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiss, M.G., & Ramakrishna, J. (2006). Stigma interventions and research for international health. Lancet, 367, 536–538.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yardley, L. (1998). Fear of imbalance and falling. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 8, 23–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yardley, L. (2003). Fear of falling: Links between imbalance and anxiety. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 13, 195–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yardley, L., Beyer, N., Hauer, K., McKee, K.J., Ballinger, C., & Todd, C.J. (2007). Recommendations for promoting the engagement of older people in activities to prevent falls. Quality and Safety in Health Care, 16, 230–234.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yardley, L., Bishop, F.L., Beyer, N., Hauer, K., Kempen, G.I.J.M., Piot-Ziegler, C., et al. . (2006). Older people’s views of falls prevention interventions in six European countries. The Gerontologist, 46, 650–660.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yardley, L., Donovan-Hall, M., Francis, K., & Todd, C.J. (2006). Older people’s views of advice about falls prevention: A qualitative study. Health Education Research, 21, 508–517.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yardley, L., Donovan-Hall, M., Francis, K., & Todd, C.J. (2007). Attitudes and beliefs that predict older people’s intention to undertake strength and balance training. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 62B, P119–P125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yardley, L., & Nyman, S.R. (2007). Internet provision of tailored advice on falls prevention activities for older people: A randomized controlled evaluation. Health Promotion International, 22, 122–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yardley, L., & Smith, H. (2002). A prospective study of the relationship between feared consequences of falling and avoidance of activity in community-living older people. The Gerontologist, 42, 17–23.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zecevic, A.A., Salmoni, A.W., Speechley, M., & Vandervoort, A.A. (2006). Defining a fall and reasons for falling: Comparisons among the views of seniors, health care providers, and the research literature. The Gerontologist, 46, 367–376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zijlstra, G.A.R., van Haastregt, J.C.M., van Eijk, J.T.M., van Rossum, E., Stalenhoef, P.A., & Kempen, G.I.J.M. (2007). Prevalence and correlates of fear of falling, and associated avoidance of activity in the general population of community-living older people. Age and Ageing, 36, 304–309.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed