Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:39:57.986Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spouse and Adult Child Differences in Caregiving Burden*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2014

Neena L. Chappell ,
Carren Dujela  and
André Smith
Neena L. Chappell*
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, University of Victoria Centre on Aging, University of Victoria
Carren Dujela
Affiliation:
Centre on Aging, University of Victoria
André Smith
Affiliation:
Department of Sociology, University of Victoria Centre on Aging, University of Victoria
*
†La correspondance et les demandes de tirés-à-part doivent être adressées à : / Correspondence and requests for offprints should be sent to: Neena L. Chappell, PhD, FRSC, FCAHS Department of Sociology University of Victoria PO Box 3050 STN CSC Victoria, BC V8W 3P5 (nlc@uvic.ca)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study compared the correlates of burden for spouse and adult child caregivers at two points in time and assessed whether correlates at T1 predicted burden at T2. The sample consisted of 878 caregivers to older adults throughout British Columbia who were prescribed cholinesterase inhibitors. Burden was measured six months after the older adult was prescribed the medication and one year later (n = 759). Findings suggest that adult children experience more burden than spouses at both T1 and T2 with adult children but not spouses decreasing their burden over time. Correlates of T1 burden explained significant amounts of variance, revealing differential correlates for the two groups and the importance of caregiver characteristics over patient characteristics. Burden at T2 is explained mostly by T2 factors, plus T1 burden, suggesting the importance of relatively immediate factors for direct effects on caregiver burden. Indirect effects operated through T1 burden.

Résumé

Cette étude a comparé les corrélats de la charge pour le conjoint et les soignants qui sont enfants adultes à deux moments dans le temps et a évalué si les corrélats de T1 à T2 prédit la charge. L'échantillon était constitué de 878 soignants pour les adultes plus âgés de la Colombie-Britannique auxquels on a prescrit des inhibiteurs de la cholinestérase. La charge a été mesurée six mois après la personne âgée a été prescrit le médicament et un an plus tard (n = 759). Les résultats suggèrent que les enfants adultes sentent plus fort la charge que les conjoints à T1 et T2, avec les enfants adultes, mais pas les conjoints, diminuant leur fardeau au fil du temps. Les corrélats de la charge de T1 ont expliqué des quantités importantes de variance, révélant la corrélation différentielle pour les deux groupes et l'importance des caractéristiques des soignants sur les caractéristiques des patients. La charge au T2 s'explique principalement par les facteurs de T2, plus la charge de T1, suggérant l'importance des facteurs relativement immédiats des effets directs sur la charge des soignants. Les effets indirects étaient operationnels par la charge de T1.

Keywords

agingadult child caregivingburdendementialongitudinalspousal caregivingvieillissmentsoins par enfants adulteschargedémencesoins par conjoints
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement , Volume 33 , Issue 4: Special Issue on Aging Families , December 2014 , pp. 462 - 472
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Association on Gerontology 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

A previous version of this article was presented at the International Symposium on Aging Families, Victoria, 3 June 2013. The study was funded by the Pharmaceutical Services Division, Ministry of Health, Government of British Columbia.

References

Aarsland, D., Larsen, J. P., Karlsen, K., Lim, N. G., & Tandberg, E. (1999). Mental symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are important contributors to caregiver distress. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(10), 866–874.Google Scholar
Allegri, R. F., Sarasola, D., Serrano, C. M., Taragano, F. E., Arizaga, R. L., Butman, J., et al. (2006). Neuropsychiatric symptoms as a predictor of caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2(1), 105–110.Google Scholar
Andren, S., & Elmstahl, S. (2007). Relationships between income, subjective health and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with dementia in group living care: A cross-sectional community-based study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(3), 435–446.Google Scholar
Bastawrous, M. (2013). Caregiver burden – A critical discussion. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50, 431–441.Google Scholar
Bédard, M., Molley, D. W., Squire, L., Dubois, S., Lever, J. A., & O’Donnell, M. (2001). The Zarit Burden Interview: A new short version and screening version. The Gerontologist, 41(5), 652–657.Google Scholar
Beeson, R., Horton-Deutsch, S., Farran, C., & Neundorfer, M. (2000). Loneliness and depression in caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s disease or related disorders. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 21(8), 779–806.Google Scholar
Bookwala, J., & Schultz, R. (2000). A comparison of primary stressors, secondary stressors, and depressive symptoms between elderly caregiving husbands and wives: The Caregiver Health Effects Study. Psychology and Aging, 15, 607–616.Google Scholar
Chappell, N. L., & Hollander, M. (2013). Aging in Canada. Toronto, ON: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chappell, N. L., McDonald, L., & Stones, M. (2008). Aging in contemporary Canada. Toronto, ON: Pearson Canada.Google Scholar
Chappell, N. L., & Reid, R. C. (2002). Burden and well-being among caregivers: Examining the distinction. The Gerontologist, 42, 772–780.Google Scholar
Cheng, S-T., Lam, L. C., & Kwok, T. (2012). Neuropsychiatric symptom clusters of Alzheimer disease in Hong Kong Chinese: Correlates with caregiver burden and depression. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e318266b9e8Google Scholar
Cheng, S-T., Lau, R. W., Mak, E. P., Ng, N. S., Lam, L. C., Fung, H. H., et al. (2012). A benefit-finding intervention for family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer disease: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 13, 98.Google Scholar
Cho, S., Zarit, S. H., & Chiriboga, D. A. (2009). Wives and daughters: The differential role of day care use in the nursing home placement of cognitively impaired family members. The Gerontologist, 49(1), 57–67.Google Scholar
Clayburn, L., Stones, M., Hadjistavropoulos, T., & Tuokko, H. (2000). Predicting caregiver burden and depression in Alzheimer’s disease. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological and Social Sciences, 55(1), S2–S13.Google Scholar
Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2003). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioural sciences (3rd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Google Scholar
Conde-Sala, J. L., Garre-Olmo, J., Turró-Garriga, O., Vilalta-Franch, J., & López-Pousa, S. (2010). Differential features of burden between spouse and adult child caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease: An exploratory comparative design. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47, 1262–1273.Google Scholar
Dunkin, J. J., & Anderson-Hanley, C. (1998). Dementia caregiver burden: A review of the literature and guidelines for assessment and intervention. Neurology, 57(1), 1–15.Google Scholar
Gallagher, D., Mhaolain, A. N., Crosby, L., Ryan, D., Lacey, L., Coen, R. F., et al. (2011). Dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 26(2), 110–114.Google Scholar
Galvin, J. E., Duda, J. E., Kaufer, D. I., Lippa, C. F., Taylor, A., & Zarit, S. H. (2010). Lewy body dementia. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 23(2), 177–181.Google Scholar
Garlo, K., O’Leary, J. R., Van Ness, P. H., & Fried, T. R. (2010). Burden in caregivers of older adults with advanced illness. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 58, 2315–2322.Google Scholar
Germain, S., Adam, S., Olivier, C., Cash, H., Ousset, P. J., Andrieu, S., et al. (2009). Does cognitive impairment influence burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease? Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 17(1), 105–114.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldsworthy, B., & Knowles, S. (2008). Caregiving for Parkinson’s disease patients: An exploration of a stress-appraisal model for quality of life and burden. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences, 63(6), P372–P376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gómez-Gallego, M., Gómez-Amor, J., & Gómez-Garcia, J. (2012). Determinants of quality of life in Alzheimer’s disease: Perspective of patients, informal caregivers, and professional caregivers. International Psychogeriatircs, 24(11), 1805–1815.Google Scholar
Hansen, R. A., Gartlehner, G., Lohr, K. N., & Kaufer, D. I. (2007). Functional outcomes of drugs treatment in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drugs & Aging, 24(2), 156–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hong, G. S., & Kim, H. (2008). Family caregiver burden by relationship to care recipient with dementia in Korea. Geriatric Nursing, 29(4), 267–274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hooker, K., Manoogian-O’Dell, M., Monahan, D. J., Frazier, L. D., & Shifren, K. (2000). Does type of disease matter? Gender differences among Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease’s caregivers. The Gerontologist, 40, 568–573.Google Scholar
Kaduszkiewicz, H., Zimmermann, T., Beck-Bornholdt, H. P., & van den Bussche, H. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors may be effective in Alzheimer’s disease: Systematic review of clinical trials. ACP Journal Club, 144(1), 19.Google Scholar
Kim, H., Chang, M., Rose, K., & Kim, S. (2012). Predictors of caregiver burden in caregivers of individuals with dementia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(4), 846–855.Google Scholar
Lee, Y., & Bronstein, L. R. (2010). When do Korean-American dementia caregivers find meaning in caregiving?: The role of culture and differences between spouse and child caregivers. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Social Work, 19, 73–86.Google Scholar
Lee, Y., & Smith, L. (2012). Qualitative research on Korean American dementia caregivers’ perception of caregiving: Heterogeneity between spouse caregivers and child caregivers. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 22, 115–129.Google Scholar
Leggett, A. N., Zarit, S. H., Taylor, A., & Galvin, J. E. (2011). Stress and burden among caregivers of patients with Lewy body dementia. The Gerontologist, 51(1), 76–85.Google Scholar
Leroi, I., Harbishettar, V., Andrews, M., McDonald, K., Byrne, E. J., & Burns, A. (2012). Carer burden in apathy and impulse control disorders in Parkinson’s disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(2), 160–166.Google Scholar
Lingler, J. H., Martire, L. M., & Schulz, R. (2005). Caregiver-specific outcomes in antidementia clinical drug trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 53(6), 983–990.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, Y-F., Austrom, M. G., Perkins, S. M., Bakas, T., Farlow, M. R., He, F., et al. (2007). Depressed mood in informal caregivers of individuals with cognitive impairment. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 22(4), 273–285.Google Scholar
Mausbach, B. T., Coon, D. W., Patterson, T. L., & Grant, I. (2008). Engagement in activities is associated with affective arousal in Alzheimer’s caregivers: A preliminary examination of the temporal relations between activity and affect. Behavior Therapy, 39(4), 366–374.Google Scholar
Mohamed, S., Rosenbeck, R., Lyketsos, C. G., & Schneider, L. S. (2010). Caregiver burden in Alzheimer disease: Cross-sectional and longitudinal patient correlates. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(10), 917–927.Google Scholar
Mykletun, A., Stordal, E., & Dahl, A. A. (2001). Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale: Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, 540–544.Google Scholar
Navaie-Waliser, M., Feldman, P. H., Gould, D. A., Levine, C., Kuerbis, A. N., & Donelan, K. (2002). When the caregiver needs care: The plight of vulnerable caregivers. American Journal of Public Health, 92(3), 409–413.Google Scholar
Ornstein, K., Gaugler, J. E., Devanand, D. P., Scarmeas, N., Zhu, C., & Stern, Y. (2012). The differential impact of unique behavioral and psychological symptoms for the dementia caregiver: How and why do patients’ individual symptom clusters impact caregiver depressive symptoms? American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e31826d6b31Google Scholar
Ott, C. H., Sanders, S., & Kelber, S. T. (2007). Grief and personal growth experience of spouses and adult child caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Gerontologist, 47(6), 798–809.Google Scholar
Pearlin, L. I., Mullan, J. T., Semple, S. J., & Skaff, M. M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. Gerontologist, 30(5), 583–594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: a meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18(2), 250–267.Google Scholar
Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2011). Spouses, adult children, and children-in-law as caregivers of older adults: A meta-analytic comparison. Psychology and Aging, 26(1), 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raccichini, A., Castellani, S., Civerchia, P., Fioravanti, P., & Scarpino, O. (2009). The caregiver’s burden of Alzheimer patients: Differences between live-in and non-live-in. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease and Other Dementias, 24(5), 377–383.Google Scholar
Riedijk, S., Duivenvoorden, H., Rosso, S., Van Swieten, J., Niermeijer, M., & Tibben, A. (2008). Frontotemporal dementia: Change of familial caregiver burden and partner relation in a Dutch cohort of 63 patients. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 26(5), 398–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ringman, J. M., & Cummings, J. L. (2006). Current and emerging pharmacological treatment options for dementia. Behavior Neurology, 17(1), 5–16.Google Scholar
Robinson, J., Fortinsky, R., Kleppinger, A., Shugrue, N., & Porter, M. 2009. A broader view of family caregiving: Effects of caregiving and caregiver conditions on depressive symptoms, health, work and social isolation. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 64B(6), 788–798.Google Scholar
Ryan, K. A., Weldon, A., Huby, N. M., Persad, C., Bhaumik, A. K., Heidebrink, J. L., et al. (2010). Caregiver support service needs for patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 24(2), 171–176.Google Scholar
Savundranayagam, M. Y., Montgomery, R. J., & Kosloski, K. (2011). A dimensional analysis of caregiver burden among spouses and adult children. Gerontologist, 51(3), 321–331.Google Scholar
Schoenmakers, B., Buntinx, F., & De Lepeleire, J. (2009). Can pharmacological treatment of behavioral disturbances in elderly patients with dementia lower the burden of their family caregiver? Family Practice, 26, 279–286.Google Scholar
Stella, F., Banzato, C. E., Quagliato, E. M., Viana, M. A., & Christofoletti, G. (2009). Psychopathological features in patients with Parkinson’s disease and related caregivers’ burden. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(10), 1158–1165.Google Scholar
Sun, F., Hilgeman, M. M., Durkin, D. W., Allen, R. S., & Burgio, L. D. (2009). Perceived income inadequacy as a predictor of psychological distress in Alzheimer’s caregivers. Psychology & Aging, 24(1), 177–183.Google Scholar
Vellone, E., Piras, G., Talucci, C., & Cohen, M. Z. (2008). Quality of life for caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(2), 222–231.Google Scholar
Vetter, P. H., Krauss, S., Steiner, O., Kropp, P., Möller, W. D., Moises, H. W., et al. (1999). Vascular dementia versus dementia of Alzheimer’s type: Do they have differential effects on caregivers’ burden? Journals of Gerontology, Series B. Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 54(2), S93–S98.Google Scholar
Williams, C. (2011). Marriage and mental health: When a spouse has Alzheimer’s disease. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 25(3), 220–222.Google Scholar
Williams, J. K., Skirton, H., Barnette, J. J., & Paulsen, J. S. (2012). Family caregiver personal concerns in Huntington disease. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(1), 137–146.Google Scholar
Wong, C. C., & Wallhagen, M. I. (2012). Frontotemporal dementia: The impact of patient behavioral symptoms on the physical and mental health of family caregivers. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders EXTRA, 2(1), 516–528.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeager, C. A., Hyer, L. A., Hobbs, B., & Coyne, A. C. (2010). Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia: The complex relationship between diagnosis and caregiver burden. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 31(6), 376–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zarit, S. H., Kim, K., Femia, E. E., Almeida, D. M., Savla, J., & Molenaar, P. C. (2011). Effects of adult day care on daily stress of caregivers: A within-person approach. Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences, 66B(5), 538–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zawadzki, L., Mondon, K., Peru, N., Hommet, C., Constans, T., Gaillard, P., et al. (2011). Attitudes towards Alzheimer’s disease as a risk factor for caregiver burden. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(9), 1451–1461.Google Scholar
Zigmond, A., , S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 361–370.Google Scholar
Zucchella, C., Bartolo, M., Pasotti, C., Chiapella, L., & Sinforiani, E. (2012). Caregiver burden and coping in early-stage Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 26(1), 55–60.Google Scholar