Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T22:48:05.106Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Controlling Corruption in the Party: China's Central Discipline Inspection Commission*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 August 2014

Xuezhi Guo
Xuezhi Guo*
Affiliation:
Guilford College. Email: gguo@guilford.edu.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article investigates a prominent but little discussed CCP central organ, the Central Discipline Inspection Commission (CDIC), and its local discipline inspection commissions (DICs) in the post-Mao era. It analyses how the CCP exerts its control over the disciplinary organizations and argues that the disciplinary agencies' lack of autonomy hinders their efforts to crack down on corruption. This article investigates the important role played by the CDIC in CCP politics by examining its organizational structure, modes of operation and criteria for imposing disciplinary sanctions, and evaluates the measures and approaches employed by the Party's disciplinary organizations to combat corruption. The study concludes that structural, institutional and cultural factors hinder the effectiveness of the CCP's disciplinary agencies in their efforts to control Party members, officials and corruption.

摘要

本文主旨在于探索改革开放时期位高权重的中国共产党纪律检查系统。通过分析党对纪检系统的控制, 文章指出缺乏独立的纪检系统和反腐败监督机制就是改革开放时期反腐效果始终不彰的根源。透过对中纪委的组织机构, 操作原则, 纪律处分规范和标准, 以及反腐措施和手段的分析和评估, 它详细诠释和分析了中纪委在中国政治运作中所扮演的举足轻重的角色。然而, 结构性和体制上的因素, 以及传统文化根深蒂固的影响, 制约了党的纪检机构有效地约束它的党员和干部以及惩贪反腐的运动和努力。

Keywords

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)Central Discipline Inspection Commission (CDIC)anti-corruptionleadership politicsshuangguiguanxi中国共产党中央纪律检查委员会反腐败精英政治双规关系
Type
Articles
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 219 , September 2014 , pp. 597 - 624
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Research for this article was supported by Adrienne Israel, the academic dean, and the Clerk's Committee at Guilford College. I would like to thank Richie Zweigenhalft and two anonymous CQ reviewers for helpful comments and criticisms. I also wish to express my thanks to Joanne Phillips for her help during the editing process and Haejin Song, my research assistant, for her assistance. I am solely responsible for any errors that remain.

References

Boyd, Richard. 2009. “The Chinese mode of rent utilization in comparative perspective.” In Ngo, Tak-Wing and Wu, Yongping (eds.), Rent Seeking in China. New York: Routledge, 254–276.Google Scholar
CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and State Council. 1993. “Zhonggong zhongyang, guowu yuan guanyu fan fubai douzheng jinqi zhuahao jixiang gongzuo de jueding” (Decisions on the correct handling of several current initiatives against corruption ), 5 October. Cited in Zhongguo gongchandang dangfeng lianzheng jianshe wenxian xuanbian (Selected Documents on the Chinese Communist Party's Work Style and Clean Government) Vol. 3. Beijing: Zhongguo fangzheng chubanshe, 530–31.Google Scholar
CDIC (Central Discipline Inspection Commission). 1953. “Zhonggong zhongyang jilu jiancha weiyuanhui guanyu benwei shenpi anjian yu chuli renmin laixin laifang gongzuo de jixiang guiding (cao'an)” (Regulations regarding the CDIC's responsibilities for investigating and approving cases and handling letters and visits (draft)), 17 September. Cited in Zhongguo gongchandang dangfeng lianzheng jianshe wenxian xuanbian (Selected Documents on the Chinese Communist Party's Work Style and Clean Government) Vol. 6. Beijing: Zhongguo fangzheng chubanshe, 481–88.Google Scholar
CDIC. 1983. “Zhonggong zhongyang jilu jiancha weiyuanhui guanyu yinfa jijian jigou zuzhi jianshe de wenjian de tongzhi” (Notice on circulating documents regarding the organizational construction of disciplinary inspection agencies), 2 March. Cited in Zhongguo gongchandang dangfeng lianzheng jianshe wenxian xuanbian (Selected Documents on the Chinese Communist Party's Work Style and Clean Government) Vol. 8. Beijing: Zhongguo fangzheng chubanshe, 106–112.Google Scholar
CDIC. 1991. “Guanyu shenli dangyuan weiji anjian gongzuo chengxu de guiding” (Regulations of hearing cases regarding the violation of discipline by Party members), 13 July. Cited in Zhongguo gongchandang dangfeng lianzheng jianshe wenxian xuanbian (Selected Documents on the Chinese Communist Party's Work Style and Clean Government) Vol. 6. Beijing: Zhongguo fangzheng chubanshe, 691–99.Google Scholar
Chan, William. 2004. “Considering the system: the search for an effective anti-corruption policy in China.” Stanford Journal of East Asia Affairs 4(1), 29–34.Google Scholar
Chang, Eric C.C., and Chu, Yun-Han. 2006. “Corruption and trust: exceptionalism in Asian democracies?” The Journal of Politics 68(2), 259–271.Google Scholar
Chen, Yun. 2009. Transition and Development in China: Towards Shared Growth. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Chen Yun yu zhongyang jiwei bianxie zu. 2005. Chen Yun yu zhongyang jiwei (Chen Yun and the Central Discipline Inspection Commission). Beijing: Zhongguo fangzheng chubanshe.Google Scholar
Chen, Zhaohong. 2007. “Jiancha jiguan paizhu lingdao tizhi gaige de sikao” (Thoughts on the reform of the way that the CDIC/MOS dispatches its officials to the leadership of local Party committees). Xinxi bu 3, 60–61.Google Scholar
Cui Li. 2004. “Fan fubai wenti quanwei zhuanjia: zhongjiwei jianchabu zhijie lingdao paizhu jigou biaozhi dangnei jiandu zhidu tixi jiben xingcheng” (Authoritative anti-corruption experts: the CDIC and the CSC directly leading CDIC-dispatched inspection teams signifies the basic formation of inner-Party supervision), Zhongguo qingnian bao, 8 April.Google Scholar
Dai, Sheng. 1969. Liji qulishang (The Book of Rites: Rules of Propriety I). Taipei: Yiwen yinshuguan.Google Scholar
Ding, Qun. 1999. Liu Shunyuan zhuan (Biography of Liu Shunyuan). Nanjing: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Duckett, Jane. 2001. “Bureaucrats in business, Chinese style: the lessons of market reform and state entrepreneurialism in the People's Republic of China.” World Development 29(1), 23–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fabre, Guilhem. 2001. “State, corruption, and criminalization in China.” International Social Science Journal 53(169), 459–466.Google Scholar
Fan, Chengze, and Grossman, Herschel. 2001. “Incentives and corruption in Chinese economic reform.” Policy Reform 4, 195–206.Google Scholar
Fewsmith, Joseph. 2001. China since Tiananmen: The Politics of Transition. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gong, Ting. 1994. The Politics of Corruption in Contemporary China. London: Praeger.Google Scholar
Gong, Ting. 2002. “Dangerous collusion: corruption as a collective venture in contemporary China.” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 35(1), 85–103.Google Scholar
Gong, Ting. 2009. “Dual dimensions of responsibility: the internal disciplinary regulations of the Chinese Communist Party.” In Li, Linda Chelan (ed.), Towards Responsible Government in East Asia: Trajectories, Intentions and Meanings. New York: Routledge, 50–67.Google Scholar
He, Qinglian. 2004. “On systematic corruption in China and its influence.” In Heffernan, William C. and Kleinig, John (eds.), Private and Public Corruption. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 239–274.Google Scholar
Hsu, Szu-Chien. 2011. “Strengthening the soft discipline constraint: limited reform in curbing leading cadres' power.” In Hsu, S. Philip, Wu, Yu-Shan and Zhao, Suisheng (eds.), In Search of China's Development Model: Beyond the Beijing Consensus. New York: Routledge, 224–245.Google Scholar
Huang, Yasheng. 1996. Inflation and Investment Controls in China: The Political Economy of Central–Local Relations during the Reform Era. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, Peter Nan-Shong, and Wing-Hung Lo, Carlos. 2001. “Remaking China's public management: problem areas and analytical perspectives.” In Lee, Peter N.S. and Wing-Hung Lo, Carlos (eds.), Remaking China's Public Management. Westport: Quorum Books, 1–16.Google Scholar
Lemos, Gerard. 2012. The End of the Chinese Dream: Why Chinese People Fear the Future. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Li, Huiren. 2002. Cangsang liunian (The Ups-And-Downs of Passing Years). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe.Google Scholar
Ma, Stephen K. 1998. “Administrative reform and economic development: experiences in selected transforming and developing countries.” In Liou, Kuotsai Tom (ed.), Handbook of Economic Development. New York: Marcel Dekker, 139–150.Google Scholar
Manion, Melanie. 1997. “Corruption and corruption control: more of the same in 1996.” In Brosseau, Maurice, Hsin-Chi, Kuan and Kueh, Y.Y. (eds.), China Review, 1997. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 33–56.Google Scholar
Manion, Melanie. 1998. “Issues in corruption control in post-Mao China.” Issues and Studies 34(9), 1–21.Google Scholar
Manion, Melanie. 2004. Corruption by Design: Building Clean Government in Mainland China and Hong Kong. Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meaney, Connie Squires. 1991. “Market reform and disintegrative corruption in urban China.” In Baum, Richard (ed.), Reform and Reaction in Post-Mao China – The Road to Tiananmen. New York: Routledge, 124–142.Google Scholar
Mertha, Andrew C. 2005. “China's ‘soft’ centralization: shifting tiao/kuai authority relations.” The China Quarterly 184, 791–810.Google Scholar
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2005. Governance in China. Paris: OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Oi, Jean C. 1995. “The role of the local state in China's transitional economy.” The China Quarterly 144, 1132–49.Google Scholar
Peerenboom, Randall P. 2002. China's Long March toward Rule of Law. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sapio, Flora. 2005. “Implementing anticorruption in the PRC: patterns of selectivity.” Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies Working Paper No. 10, Lund University, Sweden.Google Scholar
Sapio, Flora. 2010. Sovereign Power and the Law in China. Leiden: BRILL.Google Scholar
Schleifer, Andrei, and Wishny, Robert W. 1993. “Corruption.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 108(3), 599–617.Google Scholar
Scott, James. 1972. Comparative Political Corruption. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Shirk, Susan. 1993. The Political Logic of Economic Reform in China. Berkeley: University of California Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walder, Andrew G. 1995. “Local governments as industrial firms: an organizational analysis of China's transitional economy.” American Journal of Sociology 101(2), 263–301.Google Scholar
Wang, Lina. 2013. “Fanfu tang leiqu” (Anti-corruption goes through the minefield), Caijing, http://eci.cpd.com.cn/n2220390/c15581752/content_1.html. Accessed 30 July 2013.Google Scholar
Wang, Linda. 2005. Marginalization and Social Welfare in China. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wedeman, Andrew. 2012. Double Paradox: Rapid Growth and Rising Corruption in China. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Wei, Mingduo. 1993. Zhongguo gongchandang jilu jiancha shi (The History of CCP Discipline Inspection). Shijiazhuang: Hebei renmin chubanshe.Google Scholar
Xing, Ting. 2009a. “Juezhao san: ‘shuanggui,’ jikui tanguan xinli fangxian” (Masterstroke no. three: ‘double restraint’ defeats the psychological defence line of corrupted cadres). Huanqiu renwu 29, 26–27.Google Scholar
Xing, Ting. 2009b. “Zoujin zhongjiwei” (Getting to know the Central Discipline Inspection Commission). Huanqiu renwu 29, 32–35.Google Scholar
Xing, Ting, Bai Jumei, Zhang Jiankui and Ji, Jianming. 2009. “Zhuanjia jiedu zhongjiwei ruhe sutan” (Experts interpret how the CDIC fights against corruption and degeneration). Huanqiu renwu 29, 21–22.Google Scholar
Yang, Dali L. 2004. Remaking the Chinese Leviathan: Market Transition and the Politics of Governance in China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, Jianming. 2007. “Jiwei jiandu tongji dangwei chutan” (A preliminary analysis of the DIC organization's supervision over its host Party committee), Xuexi shibao, 22 January, 5.Google Scholar
Zhong, Yang. 2003. Local Government and Politics in China: Challenges from Below. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
ZZZB (Zhonggong zhongyang zuzhi bu) (eds.). 2000. Zhongguo gongchandang zuzhi shi ziliao (Materials on the CCP Organizational History) Vol. 5; Vol. 7, Part 1. Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi chubanshe.Google Scholar