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National Planning and Local Technology Zones: Experimental Governance in China's Torch Programme*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Sebastian Heilmann ,
Lea Shih  and
Andreas Hofem
Sebastian Heilmann*
Affiliation:
Mercator Institute for China Studies (MERICS), Berlin and University of Trier.
Lea Shih
Affiliation:
University of Trier.
Andreas Hofem
Affiliation:
Independent scholar.
*
Email: sebastian.heilmann@merics.de (corresponding author).
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Abstract

Many studies raise doubts about the effectiveness of the institutions, programmes and instruments that shape the Chinese national innovation system. This article scrutinizes central–local interactions in the national Torch Programme that has governed a large group of high-technology zones since 1988. The Torch Programme's procedural practices challenge widely shared assumptions about the dirigiste character of Chinese innovation policy. It combines centralized definition of programme objectives with extensive local implementation experiments. As three case studies demonstrate, bottom-up policy innovations are effectively fed back into national programme adjustments and into horizontal policy diffusion. The array of organizational patterns and promotional instruments that emerges from competitive “experimentation under the shadow of hierarchy” (ESH) goes way beyond what could have been initiated from top down. We hypothesize that the procedural strengths displayed in the Torch Programme may provide better indicators of future innovative potential in China's high-technology zones than retrospective statistical indices and benchmarks that are derived from OECD experience.

Keywords

innovation policyTorch Programmetechnology zonespolicy experimentationESH framework
Type
Articles
Information
The China Quarterly , Volume 216 , December 2013 , pp. 896 - 919
Copyright
Copyright © The China Quarterly 2013 

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Footnotes

*

The research presented in this article was facilitated through a research grant by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). The authors are grateful to Jenni Werner for her contributions in the initial research phase. They wish to thank Barry Naughton and participants in the conference on “The Political Economy of China's Technology and Innovation Policies,” held at the University of California in San Diego in June 2011, for very helpful comments.

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