Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:42:49.378Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Patriarchate of Alexandria: A Study in National Christianity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2009

E. R. Hardy Jr
E. R. Hardy Jr
Affiliation:
Berkeley Divinity School, New Haven, Conn.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

The history of the patriarchates in the conciliar period of church history offers interesting parallels to that of the kingdoms and republics which had occupied the same territory in Hellenistic days. Like the Seleucid Empire, Antioch began with a leading position, which it gradually lost by secessions and internal divisions. The Patriarchate of Jerusalem revolted from Antioch in the fifth century A.D. as the Jews had under the Maccabees seven centuries before, although for less serious reasons. As the Hellenistic rulers of Asia Minor and Greece gradually lost out to Macedon and Rome, so the ecclesiastical jurisdictions of the same area were ultimately absorbed in the Patriarchates of Rome and Constantinople. But the closest parallel of all is in Egypt. As the Ptolemies built their power on a closely knit and almost impregnable kingdom, from which they ventured forth to take their part in the high politics of the Hellenistic world, so the patriarchs of Alexandria, backed by the united support of the Egyptian Church, took a leading part in the affairs of the great church for two centuries. After generations of splendor, the ecclesiastical, like the civil dynasty, was subject to internal divisions and harassed by external interference, and ended its career in war and catastrophe. The major aspects of this story are a familiar topic in church history, but it may repay another survey from the special point of view of the relation of church and state in Egypt.

Type
Research Article
Information
Church History , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , June 1946 , pp. 81 - 100
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Church History 1946

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Eusebius, , Ecclesiastical History, V, 40–42, 44–46.Google Scholar

2 Cyprian, , Epistles, 51 (55), 9.Google Scholar

3 Eusebius, , Ecclesiastical History, VII, 21–25.Google Scholar

4 The presence of these three elements of a canonical election is noted or their absence explained in the accounts of a number of Alexandrian elections from Athanasius on. The statement that presbyters did not preach at Alexandria is in Socrates' list of divergent local eustoms (Ecclesiastical History, V, 22); it contradicts another statement in the same list about sermons on Wednesday and Friday, and like several other items in it may be due to a traveller's misinter pretation.

5 Canon 6.

6 Chronicle of the Paschal Letters, 2–6: “diocese” in the fourth century is not quite as technical as in modern usage, but ia rather the most dignified word for “district”; it is used for the territory subject to a praetorian prefect or an imperial vicar—in the Church the area subject to an archbishop or (where there was none) to the synod representing one of these civil areas.

7 Bell, H. I., Jews and Christians in Egypt (London, British Museum, 1924), 38–71 (P. Lond, 1913–1914).Google Scholar

8 Julian, , Epistles, 21, 23, 24, 46, 47.Google Scholar

9 Sistoria Arianorwm, 52, 74–75.Google Scholar

10 Leo, E. g., of Diosorus, Epistles, 131Google Scholar; Isidore of Pelusium, of Theophilus, Epistles, 1, 152.Google Scholar

11 Codex Theodosianus, XI, 24, 6Google Scholar

12 Cf. regulation of their number in Codex Theodosianus, XVI, 2, 42–43.Google Scholar

13 Socrates, Ecclesiastical History, VII, 7, 11.Google Scholar

14 See list of the prefects of Egypt in the Chronicle of the Festal Letters of Athanasius.

15 See detailed account of this discussion in Jones, C. W., ed., Bedae Opera de Temporious (Cambridge, Mediaeval Academy, 1943), 56–60.Google Scholar

16 Cf. treatment in Timotheus, De receptione haereticorum, by a presbyter of Constantinople about 600.

17 The best contemporary source for these events is Liberatus, Breviarium Causae Nestorianorum et Eutychianorum, 20; the account in History of the Coptic Patriarchs of Alexandria (ed. and trans. Evetts, B. in Patrologia Orientalis, I, [Paris, 1904], Parts II and IV), the Liber Pontificalia of the Coptic Church, adds interesting details, but as the official Theodosian version must be read with care (455–469).Google Scholar

18 Edict XIII, 9–10, 28.

19 Theophanes, Chronographia, anno 6059.

20 John of Ephesus, Ecclesiastical History, III, 4, 6–7.Google Scholar

21 History of the Patriarchs, 470; as the official account, however, this history suppresses the disputed election, which has been studied by Wigram, W. A., The Separation of the Monophysites (London, 1923), 175–179Google Scholar, and more profoundly by Jean, Maspero, Histoire des Patriarehes d'alexandrie, (Paris, 1923), 212–249.Google Scholar

22 Gregory, , Epistles, VII, 37; VIII, 29.Google Scholar

23 Leontius of Neapolis, Life of John the Almoner (ed. by H. Gelzer, Leontios' von Neapolis Leoen des heiligen Iohannes des-Barmherzigen, 1893).Google Scholar